140 lines
16 KiB
XML
140 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A81838663D529BA70E2EEE7743ACC70C">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2000E9BA22CE1ABC96342E3314459E0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A1CD66604C218E5A83AEFE80BE49EBB0">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F02525CD7AFD6572CC4D8877310E3078" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E678BDC291597084600FC18B7B41D3C8">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DD300FC7EB1A9A2946760FFDE677B9D1" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A7ED1BF180839F7DD2C2ECC92A35E354">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BE59451BD21342AD405DCF935CFEDB85" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FD5843495473B2F4C794478DBCFCECF7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="47203A02FF5563C182BD0F401DBD62B7">
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<mods:date id="8451A3D81CFA0A1399DE7A92ED94902D">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DF9B3CCCEC507921C544A3D4857D2E16">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B71FFCBFF56FF6EFBC2FD3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639805" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639805" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B71FFCBFF56FF6EFBC2FD3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B71FFCBFF56FF6EFBC2FD3A" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B71FFCBFF56FF6EFD29FF7E" box="[151,727,151,178]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF56FF6EFD29FF7E" blockId="103.[151,727,151,178]" box="[151,727,151,178]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B71FFCBFF56FF6EFD29FF7E" bold="true" box="[151,727,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B71FFCBFF56FF6EFD29FF7E" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,727,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFF56FF6EFD29FF7E" bold="true" box="[151,727,151,178]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFF56FF6EFE9EFF7D" bold="true" box="[151,352,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Verrucella rubra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFEA9FF6EFD29FF7E" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[360,727,151,177]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B71FFCBFF56FF2CFBECFEE1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF56FF2CFB62FF22" blockId="103.[151,1180,213,237]" box="[151,1180,213,237]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B71FFCBFF56FF2CFB62FF22" box="[151,1180,213,237]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B71FFCBFF56FF2CFD23FF22" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[151,733,213,237]" page="315" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B71FFCBFF56FF2CFD23FF22" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 315 - 315" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityPageNumber="315 - 315" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,733,213,237]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFF56FF2CFEBFFF22" box="[151,321,213,237]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Verrucella rubra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFE86FF2CFD23FF22" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[327,733,213,237]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 315–315</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 4, fig. 13; pl. 5, fig. 8 (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B71FFCBFC2DFF2CFBE2FF22" box="[1004,1052,213,237]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF56FEEDFBECFEE1" blockId="103.[151,1042,276,303]" box="[151,1042,276,303]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Opinion: This species does occur in the region, but its true identity is unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B71FFCBFF56FEAFFBC2FD3A" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF56FEAFFED7FEBF" blockId="103.[151,1436,342,440]" box="[151,297,342,368]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF06FE83FE5EFE77" blockId="103.[151,1436,342,440]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFF06FE83FC70FE5B" box="[199,910,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFC5AFE83FB1FFE5B" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[923,1249,378,404]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George 1986: 110</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B71FFCBFAD6FE83FAD0FE5B" box="[1303,1326,378,404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="t" value="1.0">1t</quantity>
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, 1–3 (SW coast;
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B71FFCBFF21FE67FEEDFE77" box="[224,275,414,440]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF06FE19FF17FD46" blockId="103.[151,1437,479,757]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFF06FE19FE62FE36" box="[199,412,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was established for a badly damaged specimen from the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B71FFCBFB08FE26FB14FE36" box="[1225,1258,479,505]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Sri</collectingRegion>
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Lankan side of the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B71FFCBFF02FDFAFF08FDD2" box="[195,246,515,541]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar, but it is unrecognisable from the original poor description and has never been redescribed. Nevertheless,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFEFCFDDEFDF5FD8E" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[317,523,551,577]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymised the species under
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B71FFCBFC58FDDEFF25FDAA" authority="(Ellis & Solander, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis & Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Gorgonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="umbraculum">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFC58FDDEFB48FD8E" box="[921,1206,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Gorgonella umbraculum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFB0AFDDEFF2DFDAA" author="Ellis, J. & Solander, D." pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref100426" refString="Ellis, J. & Solander, D. (1786) The Natural History of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected by the late John Ellis and systematically arranged and described by the Daniel Solander. Benjamin White & Son, London, xii + 208 pp., 63 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2145" type="book" year="1786">Ellis & Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was also unrecognisable at the time: a
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B71FFCBFD23FDB5FCC5FDA9" box="[738,827,588,614]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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for that species was designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFB06FDB5FF1BFD46" author="Bayer, F. M. & Grasshoff, M." pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="21 - 45" refId="ref98951" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Grasshoff, M. (1994) The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J. E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74 (1 / 2), 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1994">Bayer & Grasshoff (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B71FFCBFF06FD6AFBC2FD3A" blockId="103.[151,1437,479,757]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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Without knowing the characters of the species,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFD1CFD6AFBFEFD62" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[733,1024,659,685]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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assigned material to it under the old genus
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFF23FD4EFE97FD1E" box="[226,361,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B71FFCBFF23FD4EFE9BFD1E" box="[226,357,695,721]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Gorgonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gorgonella</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but that cannot be validated until the original material is redescribed.
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B71FFCBFB54FD4EFAADFD1E" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1173,1363,695,721]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B71FFCBFB54FD4EFAADFD1E" box="[1173,1363,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Verrucella rubra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not currently in the WoRMS database.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B71FFCBFDDEFD22FCBEFD3A" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[543,832,731,757]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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just listed the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |