158 lines
17 KiB
XML
158 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="39C2750B2CDF6235DB39D97D6B32BBF4">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC239B09BE81B27E14E9C6C808205554">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3EEDC69662D2011DB60508DB0EA8BCF7" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AF8C1F1EC4A3A9BF5D416F25F15E82E9">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="050547F51662E73330D0D91CDCCE0F1D" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DBE52CD48BA7B6EE6D17328DE5EB8B27">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="991B8C05C78B99A1A7AF4006593FA735" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FCDF848B603A6C5EA285D9D1F377C11C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4EE27DA9297312F3CEFFF03E63172D3D">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C4874A4FFE8F9677625C9AB7035987B">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FE54FA36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639710" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FE54FA36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FE54FA36" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FDBCFC98" box="[151,578,829,856]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FDBCFC98" blockId="89.[151,578,829,856]" box="[151,578,829,856]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FDBCFC98" bold="true" box="[151,578,829,856]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FDBCFC98" ID-CoL="39BQH" authority="(Stiasny, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Stiasny" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,578,829,856]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FDBCFC98" bold="true" box="[151,578,829,856]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF56FCC4FE7AFC97" bold="true" box="[151,388,829,856]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Ellisella marisrubri</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FE55FCC4FDC4FC98" author="Stiasny, G." box="[404,570,829,855]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="336 - 341" refId="ref107209" refString="Stiasny, G. (1938) Diagnosen einiger neuer Gorgonarien-Arten aus dem Roten Meere. Zoologischen Anzeiger, Leipzig, 121, 336 - 341." type="journal article" year="1938">Stiasny, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4FFFF5FF56FC7BFC70FBCE" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF56FC7BFBE4FC55" blockId="89.[151,1050,898,953]" box="[151,1050,898,922]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B4FFFF5FF56FC7BFBE4FC55" box="[151,1050,898,922]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4FFFF5FF56FC7BFDB2FC55" author="Stiasny, G." box="[151,588,898,922]" page="159" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4FFFF5FF56FC7BFDB2FC55" ID-CoL="85457" authority="Stiasny, 1938: 159" authorityName="Stiasny" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,588,898,922]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Gorgonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maris-rubri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF56FC7BFE79FC55" box="[151,391,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gorgonella maris-rubri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FE4FFC7BFDB2FC55" author="Stiasny, G." box="[398,588,898,922]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="336 - 341" refId="ref107209" refString="Stiasny, G. (1938) Diagnosen einiger neuer Gorgonarien-Arten aus dem Roten Meere. Zoologischen Anzeiger, Leipzig, 121, 336 - 341." type="journal article" year="1938">Stiasny, 1938: 159</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 6, fig. 21–23; pl. 8, fig. D (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B4FFFF5FC46FC7BFC49FC55" box="[903,951,898,922]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B4FFFF5FC18FC7BFBF0FC55" box="[985,1038,898,922]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Suez</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF56FC58FC5FFC76" blockId="89.[151,1050,898,953]" box="[151,929,929,953]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B4FFFF5FF56FC58FC5FFC76" box="[151,929,929,953]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4FFFF5FF56FC58FDC9FC76" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,567,929,953]" page="110" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4FFFF5FF56FC58FDC9FC76" ID-CoL="39BQH" authority="Grasshoff 2000: 110" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,567,929,953]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF56FC58FE9EFC76" box="[151,352,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Ellisella marisrubri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FEA7FC58FDC9FC76" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[358,567,929,953]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff 2000: 110</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 197–198 (Northern
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B4FFFF5FCFFFC58FC68FC76" box="[830,918,929,953]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF56FC1EFC70FBCE" blockId="89.[151,910,999,1026]" box="[151,910,999,1026]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4FFFF5FF56FBD6FE54FA36" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF56FBD6FED7FB86" blockId="89.[151,1437,1071,1170]" box="[151,297,1071,1097]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF06FBAAFC21FB5E" blockId="89.[151,1437,1071,1170]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF06FBAAFC47FBA2" box="[199,953,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FC0DFBADFB1EFBA2" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[972,1248,1107,1134]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FBE5FBADFBA7FBA2" box="[1060,1113,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 16
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5, fig. A–D (Havelock Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FE87FB8EFD94FB5E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[326,618,1143,1170]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FE76FB81FE16FB5E" box="[439,488,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 238
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 110, fig. A–D (Havelock Is.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4FFFF5FF06FB39FE54FA36" blockId="89.[151,1437,1215,1530]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF06FB39FE65FB16" box="[199,411,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally described as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4FFFF5FCB1FB46FB8EFB16" box="[880,1136,1215,1241]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Gorgonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FCB1FB46FB8EFB16" box="[880,1136,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gorgonella marisrubri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B4FFFF5FB1FFB46FAEFFB16" box="[1246,1297,1215,1241]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B4FFFF5FAF7FB46FA92FB16" box="[1334,1388,1215,1241]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Suez</collectingRegion>
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and then described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FEA1FB1AFDE1FB32" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[352,543,1251,1277]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4FFFF5FD83FB1AFCE0FB32" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="2000" box="[578,798,1251,1277]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FD83FB1AFCE0FB32" box="[578,798,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Ellisella marisrubri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the northern
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B4FFFF5FC2FFB1AFBB2FB32" box="[1006,1100,1251,1277]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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, which we take to be accurate.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FF56FAF1FE7BFAEE" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[151,389,1287,1314]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FF2CFAF1FED8FAEE" box="[237,294,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4FFFF5FE7DFAFEFD47FAEE" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[444,697,1287,1313]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4FFFF5FDEFFAF1FD99FAEE" box="[558,615,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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both present an identical description that has mostly been copied from that of Grasshoff, even including the dimensions of the sclerites. Consequently, they state that their colony has polyps in 2 rows and only slightly elevated (as per Grasshoff’s text), whereas it is illustrated as having polyps all around and well elevated. Also, from Grasshoff they state that the tubercles on the sclerites are not clearly arranged in girdles, but that does not conform to some of their sclerite illustration, which are quite unlike those figured by Grasshoff. The overall result is that the true characteristics of the Indian material are unknown, but it does not appear to represent this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |