334 lines
42 KiB
XML
334 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="927B46844BF2A025107DEFBBE67B833C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a6a4828-9078-485c-99a6-0efe1998714e" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158576" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461025750631" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz & Marris, John W. M." docDate="2004" docId="03E75717DA2AFFB27C0FF9E36063FB3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00622.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 622" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Haloscatella harrisoni Mathis, Zatwarnicki & Marris, 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4D33FC90-37F1-4ACC-BB7C-78D4E39ECD8E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFDE2F6FDA23FFBF7D07FFA76313FFCD" masterDocTitle="Review of unreported shorefly genera of the tribe Scatellini from the New Zealand subregion (Diptera: Ephydridae) with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698572051903" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7A8FF83E0519DE82FDB0337B6DE2BE3A">
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<mods:title id="61B15AAB48B38486BED218E7F06317EC">Review of unreported shorefly genera of the tribe Scatellini from the New Zealand subregion (Diptera: Ephydridae) with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="295E2FD26B427A172F83914E2ADB386E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7BB4DBC3B8E3A171794C4E5C47701149">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ABDE3B17304CCC10A98E4C022B0BCF9D">Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="43796A5FFB09E80B836A95C5DAB1C00B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F332A1141325FC4F67304D21F7EFD15B">Marris, John W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6546A504A38EB288214FF1A315D8348B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="31CC8889A8FB4EF5F719D06C2B5BD3E4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C9D5DC257D74FD6E2E0636A4207DFD68">
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<mods:date id="5B60168C6A621406380F170FC85893C3">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1C4778CBE92CB19C6D8692403D270C99">622</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2E2978D50C646F9B1D16CFE58EE152EC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9B4014159D3F740824646F8D2E00BC51" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.158576</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E75717DA2AFFB27C0FF9E36063FB3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6272941" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119606189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6272941" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4D33FC90-37F1-4ACC-BB7C-78D4E39ECD8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E75717DA2AFFB27C0FF9E36063FB3D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA2AFFB67C0FF9E3605DF993" box="[264,846,1604,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2AFFB67C0FF9E3605DF993" blockId="9.[264,846,1604,1630]" box="[264,846,1604,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0B9516DDA2AFFB67C0FF9E3605DF993" bold="true" box="[264,846,1604,1630]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2AFFB67C0FF9E3605DF993" bold="true" box="[264,846,1604,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2AFFB67C0FF9E36104F993" ID-CoL="8C98B" box="[264,535,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2AFFB67C0FF9E36104F993" bold="true" box="[264,535,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Haloscatella harrisoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2098768DA2AFFB67F19F9E3616FF993" box="[542,636,1604,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2AFFB67F8BF9E36009F993" box="[652,794,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2AFFB67E20F9E36056F993" box="[807,837,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="11.[264,383,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[310,1261,768,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[267,1320,755,1771]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Wings of Haloscatella species. 13, H. balioptera (New Zealand. Chatham Island: Tennants Lake). 14, H. harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Depot Island). 15, H. karekare (New Zealand. AK: Karekare)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169328/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA2AFFB67C0FF92B6278F8A3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2AFFB67C0FF92B6278F8A3" blockId="9.[264,1323,1676,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2AFFB67C0FF92B629BF96B" bold="true" box="[264,392,1676,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is distinguished from congeners by the following characters: Small shore flies, body length
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<quantity id="4CB64BE4DA2AFFB67F80F913602BF903" box="[647,824,1716,1742]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.50–1.60 mm</quantity>
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; generally brown to grayish brown with some bluish luster on pleural area and abdominal tergites; genal seta lacking, and wing brachypterous; bearing a large seta at subcostal break on anterior margin; abdominal tergites sparsely microtomentose, at least partially subshiny, uniformly bluish gray to brownish gray.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF31B689DA29FFB57C0FF9C96298F920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA29FFB57C0FF9C96298F920" blockId="10.[264,1324,1646,1773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA29FFB57C0FF9C962DEF94B" bold="true" box="[264,461,1646,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 10–12</emphasis>
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. Structures of the male terminalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA29FFB57E84F9C86769F94B" box="[899,1146,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA29FFB57E84F9C86769F94B" box="[899,1146,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Haloscatella harrisoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island).
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA29FFB57FA4F93661AEF964" bold="true" box="[675,701,1681,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">10</emphasis>
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, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view.
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA29FFB57949F9366775F964" bold="true" box="[1102,1126,1681,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">11</emphasis>
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, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view.
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA29FFB579BAF91467CBF906" bold="true" box="[1213,1240,1715,1739]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">12</emphasis>
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, Same, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA28FFB37C3FFEBC67D3FB05" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA28FFB47C3FFEBC674EFD6C" blockId="11.[264,1324,283,673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47C3FFEBC62DCFEF8" bold="true" box="[312,463,283,309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47CE6FEBB6139FEF8" box="[481,554,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head:</emphasis>
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Frons generally microtomentose, appearing dull; mesofrons blackish brown with some grayish on posterior surface of vertex; parafrons more charcoal colored; frontoorbits blackish brown; 2 frontoorbital setae, posterior seta much larger, lateroclinate; anterior frontoorbital seta proclinate, shorter, length about 1/4–1/3 lateroclinate seta. Antenna with scape and pedicel black, 1st flagellomere with base yellowish or orange, apical 2/3 black; arista moderately long, length equal to combined length of first 3 segments. Face uniformly gray to bluish gray; facial setae along peristomal margin well developed, ventroclinate, bearing 2–4 large setae along margin of facial protuberance. Eye higher than wide; eye ratio 0.74–0.78. Gena moderately low, genatoeye ratio 0.13–0.14; gena bearing setulae along ventral margin but lacking a large, genal seta.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF31B689DA28FFB47C0FF8A161ABF8AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169328/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[310,1261,768,1758]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA28FFB47C0FF8A161ABF8AE" blockId="11.[264,1323,1798,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47C0FF8A162DDF8D3" bold="true" box="[264,462,1798,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 13–15</emphasis>
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. Wings of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA28FFB47F52F8A061CEF8D3" box="[597,733,1799,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47F52F8A061CEF8D3" box="[597,733,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Haloscatella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species.
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47E4DF8A16076F8D3" bold="true" box="[842,869,1798,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">13</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA28FFB47E70F8A0671EF8D3" box="[887,1037,1799,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balioptera">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47E70F8A0671EF8D3" box="[887,1037,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. balioptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(New Zealand. Chatham Island: Tennants Lake).
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47F10F88E6122F88C" bold="true" box="[535,561,1833,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">14</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA28FFB47F44F88D61D8F88C" box="[579,715,1834,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47F44F88D61D8F88C" box="[579,715,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. harrisoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Depot Island).
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB479E3F88E67EDF88C" bold="true" box="[1252,1278,1833,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA28FFB47816F88D6276F8AE" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karekare">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA28FFB47816F88D6276F8AE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. karekare</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(New Zealand. AK:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA28FFB47F41F8EB61BEF8AE" box="[582,685,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karekare">Karekare</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2FFFB37C3FFEBB67F9FD51" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37C3FFEBB6285FEF8" box="[312,406,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Mesonotum vittate, with dark brown stripes through acrostichal and dorsocentral tracks and with gray stripes between, especially evident presuturally; acrostichal setulae in 2 approximate rows, extended over most of scutal length, no presutural seta well developed, posteriormost pair slightly larger than anterior setulae; apical scutellar seta twice length of basal seta; posterior notopleural seta with elevated insertion compared to anterior seta; pleural areas mostly bluish gray, microtomentose; anepisternum with 1 porrect to slightly dorsoclinate seta at anterodorsal corner, this seta subequal to seta along posterior margin. Wing (
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<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37F2DFD95616CFD81" box="[554,639,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="11.[264,383,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[310,1261,768,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[267,1320,755,1771]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Wings of Haloscatella species. 13, H. balioptera (New Zealand. Chatham Island: Tennants Lake). 14, H. harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Depot Island). 15, H. karekare (New Zealand. AK: Karekare)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169328/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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) brachypterous, pointed, length about
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<quantity id="4CB64BE4DA2FFFB37940FD9567A0FD81" box="[1095,1203,562,588]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
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; bearing a large seta at subcostal break on anterior margin. Legs with femora and tibiae grayish black to black; tarsi brownish black to black with some yellowish coloration basoventrally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2FFFB37C3FFD0E67D3FB05" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37C3FFD0E62A3FD0F" box="[312,432,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Tergites sparsely microtomentose, at least partially subshiny, uniformly bluish gray to brownish gray. Male terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37E38FD7660C2FD26" box="[831,977,721,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
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): Epandrium in ventral view (
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<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37C16FD5E627AFCDE" box="[273,361,761,787]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) broadly oval, bearing a few setulae submarginally and toward venter; ventral margin somewhat extended as 2 shallow lobes bearing longer setulae; cerci hemispherical, evenly setulose; aedeagus with basiphallus in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37EECFCEF6756FCAF" box="[1003,1093,840,866]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
, shaded) elongate, twice as long as wide, broadly pointed apically, in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37EEAFCD76750FC47" box="[1005,1091,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
, shaded) with basal 2/3 wide and broadly rounded on one surface and shallowly emarginated on opposite surface, apical 1/3 narrowed and asymmetrically pointed, distiphallus in retracted position 1.5 as long as basiphallus, the structure of its surface shown in square; phallapodeme in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37C87FBA862C0FBE4" box="[384,467,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) Tshaped, in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37E11FBA86078FBE4" box="[790,875,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) a shallowly arched barlike structure with an irregular surface on external surface toward articulation with base of aedeagus; gonite in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37F11FBF9617FFBB5" box="[534,620,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) narrow, tapered to pointed apex that bears tiny setulae, in ventral view oriented medially, elongate with basal half nearly double width of apical half, hypandrium in lateral view shallowly arcuate, in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1375FA84DA2FFFB37EE1FB096729FB05" box="[998,1082,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,319,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1312,302,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Structures of the male terminalia of Haloscatella harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands. Proclamation Island). 10, Epandrium, and cerci, ventral view. 11, Internal genitalic structures (aedeagus (shaded), phallapodeme, gonites, and hypandrium), ventral view. 12, Same, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) Vshaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA2FFFB37C3FFB7260E3FA13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2FFFB37C3FFB7260E3FA13" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37C3FFB7262F8FB22" bold="true" box="[312,491,1237,1263]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F558A3DA2FFFB37C3FFB726260FB22" box="[312,371,1237,1263]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F558A3DA2FFFB37F2FFB71619DFB3D" box="[552,654,1238,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male is labeled “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2FFFB37E52FB71673CFB3D" box="[853,1071,1238,1264]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37E52FB716088FB3D" box="[853,923,1238,1264]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NEW</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37EA5FB71673CFB3D" box="[930,1071,1238,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ZEALAND</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BO Bounty Is, Proclamation I[,]
|
||
<date id="FFF0C0C1DA2FFFB37CA2FB5A6138FADA" box="[421,555,1277,1303]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1997-12-25">25.xii.1997</date>
|
||
A.M. Booth on rock face/
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F558A3DA2FFFB37E6EFB5A6710FADA" box="[873,1027,1277,1303]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
ɗ
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2FFFB3792FFB5A6175FAF2" authority="Mathis Zatwarnicki & Marris" authorityName="Mathis Zatwarnicki & Marris" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">Haloscatella harrisoni Mathis Zatwarnicki & Marris</taxonomicName>
|
||
[red].” The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F558A3DA2FFFB37FFCFA826072FAF2" box="[763,865,1317,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is double mounted (minuten in a rectangular block of foam), is in good condition, and is deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37937FAEA6791FAAA" box="[1072,1154,1357,1383]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n5zm-bhpt" name="Lincoln University Entomology Research Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LUNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F558A3DA2FFFB3798AFAEA67ECFAAA" box="[1165,1279,1357,1383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are as follows: Same locality data and date as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F558A3DA2FFFB37E32FAD3608FFA43" box="[821,924,1396,1422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(2ɗ, 5Ψ;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37913FAD36776FA43" box="[1044,1125,1396,1422]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n5zm-bhpt" name="Lincoln University Entomology Research Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LUNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37974FAD367DEFA43" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1139,1229,1396,1422]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Depot Island (nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2FFFB37CBEFA3B61C2FA78" box="[441,721,1436,1461]" class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" genus="Diomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cauta" subSpecies="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37CBEFA3B61C2FA78" box="[441,721,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diomedea cauta salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2FFFB37FFCFA3B60FDFA78" box="[763,1006,1436,1461]" class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" genus="Thalassarche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37FFCFA3B60FDFA78" box="[763,1006,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thalassarche salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB3790FFA3B6758FA7B" box="[1032,1099,1436,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BITC</collectionCode>
|
||
38),
|
||
<date id="FFF0C0C1DA2FFFB3798EFA3B6635FA7B" box="[1161,1318,1436,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1978-11-18">18 Nov 1978</date>
|
||
, D. S. Horning (6ɗ, 3Ψ;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37F27FA636169FA13" box="[544,634,1476,1502]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MONZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5F7EC4DA2FFFB37F82FA6361CEFA13" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[645,733,1476,1502]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
, all but 2 ɗ in alcohol).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA2FFFB37C3FFA4C614FF9E0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2FFFB37C3FFA4C614FF9E0" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37C3FFA4C62CBF9C8" bold="true" box="[312,472,1515,1541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Australasian/Oceanian:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2FFFB37E0CFA4B60A1F9CB" box="[779,946,1516,1542]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(BO: Bounty Islands: Depot Island, Proclamation Island).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA2FFFB27C3FF99C6022FBE4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2FFFB27C3FF99C67F3FE18" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1899]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1324,284,1264]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2FFFB37C3FF99C62A2F998" bold="true" box="[312,433,1595,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species from the Bounty Islands is known from only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D482D88DA2FFFB3795DF99C67EBF998" box="[1114,1272,1595,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
that were collected on two occasions. The Bounty Islands (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A80C6DA2FFFB37E96F9C460FDF9B0" box="[913,1006,1635,1661]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-47.75">47°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A80C6DA2FFFB37EF0F9C46777F9B0" box="[1015,1124,1635,1661]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="179.03334">179°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) lie
|
||
<quantity id="4CB64BE4DA2FFFB3799CF9C467E6F9B0" box="[1179,1269,1635,1661]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="624.0">624 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Bluff on the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2FFFB37CC5F92D6173F969" box="[450,608,1674,1700]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
mainland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF9BF0DA2FFFB37FE0F92D6064F969" author="Fraser" box="[743,887,1674,1700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Fraser, C. (1986) Beyond the Roaring Forties. Government Printing Office, Wellington. 213 pp." type="book" year="1986">Fraser 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are barren, windswept, granitic outcrops that lack any permanent freshwater and are devoid of any vascular plants. These are the smallest subantarctic islands within the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2FFFB37E2BF97D60DAF939" box="[812,969,1754,1780]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
subregion, with a total area of around 135 ha and include 14 named islands plus several small islets and rock stacks. The islands are composed of basement granites and are believed to be the remnants of a previously much larger land mass (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF9BF0DA2FFFB37F62F8F661E4F8A6" author="Fraser" box="[613,759,1873,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Fraser, C. (1986) Beyond the Roaring Forties. Government Printing Office, Wellington. 213 pp." type="book" year="1986">Fraser 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At times the islands are the home to vast numbers of nesting seabirds, including Salvin’s Mollymawk (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27921FEBB62B7FE93" authority="Rothschild" authorityName="Rothschild" class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" genus="Thalassarche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27921FEBB6639FEF8" box="[1062,1322,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thalassarche salvini</emphasis>
|
||
(Rothschild))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Erectcrested Penguins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27E1FFEE36756FE93" authority="Buller" authorityName="Buller" box="[792,1093,324,350]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Eudyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sclateri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27E1FFEE360FAFE90" box="[792,1001,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eudyptes sclateri</emphasis>
|
||
Buller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and are a major breeding site for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2EFFB27F06FECC61B3FE48" box="[513,672,363,389]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
fur seal (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27E11FECB6789FE48" authority="Lesson" authorityName="Lesson" box="[790,1178,363,389]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forsteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27E11FECB670EFE48" box="[790,1053,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Arctocephalus forsteri</emphasis>
|
||
(Lesson))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because of their remoteness, small size and difficult access, few scientific visits have been made to these islands, and as a consequence, little is known about their entomological fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2EFFB27C3FFE45613EFC7F" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1264]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the Bounty Islands is small but fascinating. The lack of species is not surprising given the small size of the islands and, perhaps as significant, the absence of any vascular plants. The fauna is typical of the subantarctic islands of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2EFFB27C33FDFD62C0FDB9" box="[308,467,602,628]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
subregion, with close affinities with its nearest neighbor, the Antipodes Islands, which are about 220 kilometers further south. Several species occur exclusively on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands, such as the hydrophilid beetle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27930FD0E6277FD26" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tormissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27930FD0E6639FD0F" box="[1079,1322,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tormissus guanicola</emphasis>
|
||
(Broun)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the tineid moth
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27F54FD76679EFD26" authority="Salmon and Bradley. Also" authorityName="Salmon and Bradley. Also" box="[595,1165,721,747]" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Proterodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbotti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27F54FD766045FD27" box="[595,854,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Proterodesma turbotti</emphasis>
|
||
Salmon and Bradley. Also
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of note is the high level of endemism among the Bounty Islands’ fauna. For example, five invertebrate genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27C6AFC86612EFCF6" authority="Hogg" authorityName="Hogg" box="[365,573,801,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Pacificana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27C6AFC8662FFFCF7" box="[365,492,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pacificana</emphasis>
|
||
Hogg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27F52FC8661AEFCF6" box="[597,701,801,827]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27FD7FC866044FCF6" box="[720,855,801,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miturgidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27E75FC866798FCF6" authority="Hutton" authorityName="Hutton" box="[882,1163,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Ischyroplectron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27E75FC86673AFCF7" box="[882,1065,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ischyroplectron</emphasis>
|
||
Hutton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB279A5FC86663BFCF6" box="[1186,1320,801,827]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27C0FFCEF62F0FCAF" box="[264,483,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhaphidophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27F06FCEF61F9FCAF" authority="Townsend" authorityName="Townsend" box="[513,746,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bountya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27F06FCEF6170FCAC" box="[513,611,840,865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bountya</emphasis>
|
||
Townsend
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27E06FCEF609BFCAF" box="[769,904,840,866]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27E9CFCEF6700FCAF" box="[923,1043,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27935FCEF6639FCAF" authority="Lamb" authorityName="Lamb" box="[1074,1322,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Aphrosylopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27935FCEF67C4FCAC" box="[1074,1239,840,865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Aphrosylopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Lamb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27C17FCD7627DFC47" box="[272,366,880,906]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27C85FCD7612CFC47" box="[386,575,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27F94FCD760A3FC47" authority="Smithers" authorityName="Smithers" box="[659,944,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Elipsocidae" genus="Sandrapsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27F94FCD7602BFC44" box="[659,824,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sandrapsocus</emphasis>
|
||
Smithers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Psocoptera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27963FCD767FCFC47" box="[1124,1263,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Elipsocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elipsocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are endemic to these islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2EFFB27C3FFC186022FBE4" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1264]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The specimens from Depot Island were collected from an occupied nest of Salvin’s Mollymawk (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27CAEFC4F6188FBCC" box="[425,667,1000,1025]" class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" genus="Thalassarche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27CAEFC4F6188FBCC" box="[425,667,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thalassarche salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The organic debris in the nest probably provided suitable substrate and food for larval development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C354B58ADA2EFFB27C3FFB906063FB3D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1E601DA2EFFB27C3FFB906063FB3D" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1264]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27C3FFB906156FB9D" ID-CoL="8C98B" box="[312,581,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93A3A13DA2EFFB27C3FFB906156FB9D" box="[312,581,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Haloscatella harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sixth dipteran and the third flightless species recorded from the Bounty Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF9BF0DA2EFFB27F3DFBF961FAFBB5" author="Harrison" box="[570,745,1118,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Harrison, R. A. (1953) The Diptera of the Antipodes and Bounty Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 81, 269 - 282." type="journal article" year="1953">Harrison 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF9BF0DA2EFFB27FF0FBF96027FBB5" author="Harrison" box="[759,820,1118,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Harrison, R. A. (1976) The Arthropoda of the southern islands of New Zealand (9) Diptera. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 6 (2), 107 - 152." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Marris unpubl.). The high level (50%) of flightlessness among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E9D82DA2EFFB27F0CFB216170FB6D" box="[523,611,1158,1184]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Bounty Islands is considerably greater than the 6% recorded for the slightly more southern Snares Islands and 13–15% for other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359A691DA2EFFB27989FB096639FB05" box="[1166,1322,1198,1224]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
subantarctic islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF9BF0DA2EFFB27CFAFB716071FB3D" author="Macfarlane" box="[509,866,1238,1264]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Macfarlane, R. P. & Andrew, I G. (2001) New Zealand Diptera identification, diversity and biogeography: a summary. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 15, 33 - 72." type="journal article" year="2001">Macfarlane and Andrew 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |