treatments-xml/data/03/E3/C8/03E3C818545C5320FF09C9C53639F851.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1040973" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9d2c1913-225a-4801-aa8c-817ac9c399bb" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1040973" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="3" checkinTime="1509650296584" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Russell, Dale A." docDate="1970" docId="03E3C818545C5320FF09C9C53639F851" docLanguage="en" docName="Russel_1970_Tyrannosaurus rex_Gorgosaurus lancensis(almost done).pdf.imf" docOrigin="Ottawa: National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology, No. 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Albertosaurus libratus Russell 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="37" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFDAB06054525333FFBFC024312CFFF2" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1663157316221" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Russell, Dale A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1970</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1970-01-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology, No. 1</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Ottawa</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1040973</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">9d2c1913-225a-4801-aa8c-817ac9c399bb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1040973</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704928" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143849055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4704928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E3C818545C5320FF09C9C53639F851" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3C818545C5320FF09C9C53639F851" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection box="[182,921,2525,2557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="14.[182,1356,2525,2664]" box="[182,921,2525,2557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[182,921,2525,2557]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,458,2529,2554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
libratus (
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, L. m" box="[653,910,2525,2557]" firstAuthor="Lambe" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" pagination="13 - 20" part="28" refId="ref11624" refString="(1914). On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon. Ottawa Naturalist 28: 13 - 20." title="On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon" type="journal article" year="1914">Lambe 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="14.[182,1356,2525,2664]" box="[232,1043,2577,2611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4912562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4912562" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[232,1043,2577,2611]" genus="Gorgosaurus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03807171D73AFFCDE8F0F534FD66DBBF" kingdom="Animalia" page="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" species="libratus" treatmentCitationLabel="synonym">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[232,918,2577,2611]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
<emphasis box="[232,645,2581,2608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Gorgosaurus libratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, L. m" box="[664,918,2577,2611]" firstAuthor="Lambe" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" pagination="13 - 20" part="28" refId="ref11624" refString="(1914). On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon. Ottawa Naturalist 28: 13 - 20." title="On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon" type="journal article" year="1914">Lambe 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 13
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[182,1356,2525,2664]" box="[231,1356,2632,2664]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation authorityName="Matthew and Brown" authorityYear="1923" box="[231,1356,2632,2664]" genus="Gorgosaurus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8879D-FF99-D26B-82B3-FEF90EEFFD90" kingdom="Animalia" page="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" species="sternbergi" treatmentCitationLabel="synonym">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matthew and Brown" authorityYear="1923" box="[231,1253,2632,2664]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternbergi" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis box="[231,479,2635,2662]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Gorgosaurus</emphasis>
sternbergi 
<bibRefCitation author="Matthew, W. D. &amp; B. Brown" box="[712,1253,2632,2664]" firstAuthor="Matthew" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 10" part="89" refId="ref12026" refString="(1923). Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta. American Museum of Natural History Novitates 89: 1 - 10." title="Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1923">Matthew and Brown 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 7
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[186,1155,2731,2820]" box="[186,423,2731,2755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis box="[186,423,2731,2755]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="14.[186,1155,2731,2820]" box="[231,1155,2787,2820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">
Oldman 
<emphasis box="[414,636,2791,2819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Formation</emphasis>
, near 
<emphasis box="[770,964,2797,2819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Steveville</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[990,1149,2795,2820]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Alberta</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040977/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[180,1911,176,1666]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph blockId="15.[173,1916,1714,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[173,279,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">Figure</emphasis>
2 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[353,729,1728,1749]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
, median elements of the skull 
<emphasis box="[1259,1334,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">roof</emphasis>
restored after USNM 12814. 
<emphasis box="[1851,1916,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">The</emphasis>
area shown measures approximately 31C mm in 
<emphasis box="[1198,1302,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">length</emphasis>
along the midline of the skull.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" box="[232,627,1896,1923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
Referred 
<emphasis box="[424,627,1896,1923]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">specimens</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
* 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221600" box="[299,531,1952,1995]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="3 miles south of Steveville, upper half of beds" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="incomplete manus and pes, fragments from hind limbs" specimenCode="NMC 8782" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 8782</materialsCitation>
incomplete manus and pes, fragments 
<emphasis box="[1352,1556,1963,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">from hind</emphasis>
limbs (3 miles 
<emphasis box="[326,706,2023,2049]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">south of Steveville</emphasis>
, upper 
<emphasis box="[868,1006,2023,2049]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">half of</emphasis>
beds).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
* 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221603" box="[297,578,2067,2110]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="jaw fragments, four caudal vertebrae, fragments of pelvis, left hind limb" specimenCode="AMNH 5423" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5423</materialsCitation>
jaw fragments, four caudal vertebrae, fragments 
<emphasis box="[1668,1712,2082,2108]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">of</emphasis>
pelvis, left hind limb (Little Sandhill 
<emphasis box="[950,1197,2133,2161]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">Creek basin</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" box="[277,682,2176,2224]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221604" box="[277,506,2176,2224]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="maxilla" specimenCode="NMC 2270" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2270</materialsCitation>
maxilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" box="[277,706,2234,2282]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221606" box="[277,528,2234,2282]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="maxilla" specimenCode="NMC 12063" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 12063</materialsCitation>
maxilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" box="[280,1517,2294,2340]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221612" box="[280,501,2294,2340]" collectionCode="ROM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="east side of coulee, at Denhart" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="nasals" specimenCode="ROM 4591" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">ROM 4591</materialsCitation>
nasals (
<emphasis box="[677,914,2310,2336]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">east side of</emphasis>
coulee, 
<emphasis box="[1084,1311,2309,2336]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">at Denhart</emphasis>
, Alberta).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221611" box="[276,550,2351,2399]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48461" location="quarry 54 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="AMNH 5664" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5664</materialsCitation>
(type 
<emphasis box="[693,737,2368,2394]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">of</emphasis>
G. sternbergi) nearly complete skeleton (quarry 54 
<emphasis box="[1820,1863,2368,2394]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">of</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[324,636,2426,2453]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221597" box="[277,566,2470,2514]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="nearly complete skeleton, lacking tail" specimenCode="USNM 12814" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">USNM 12814</materialsCitation>
nearly complete skeleton, 
<emphasis box="[1146,1290,2486,2511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">lacking</emphasis>
tail (Little Sandhill 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">Creek basin</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" box="[277,660,2584,2627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
* 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221608" box="[297,529,2584,2627]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="illium" specimenCode="NMC 2250" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2250</materialsCitation>
ilium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" box="[278,895,2639,2685]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221601" box="[278,505,2639,2685]" collectionCode="ROM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="fragmentary skull" specimenCode="ROM 1422" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">ROM 1422</materialsCitation>
fragmentary skull.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[232,1863,1896,2798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221602" box="[278,504,2697,2743]" collectionCode="ROM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="quarry 21 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" preperations="skeleton, lacking presacral vertebrae and right hind limb" specimenCode="ROM 1422" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">ROM 1237</materialsCitation>
skeleton, lacking presacral vertebrae and 
<emphasis box="[1380,1474,2715,2738]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">right</emphasis>
hind 
<emphasis box="[1601,1690,2712,2739]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">limb</emphasis>
(quarry 21 
<emphasis box="[387,430,2771,2797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="6">of</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[444,756,2771,2798]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="6" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<pageTitle pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221627" box="[266,401,161,202]" collectionCode="UA" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="quarry 48 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="skull, sever presacral vertebrae and ribs, right humerus, left metatarsus" specimenCode="UA 10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">UA 10</materialsCitation>
<emphasis box="[422,521,175,196]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">skull</emphasis>
, several presacral vertebrae and ribs, 
<emphasis box="[1325,1418,173,195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">right</emphasis>
humerus, left metatarsus (quarry 48 
<emphasis box="[680,933,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
of 
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[738,1049,223,249]" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
<pageNumber ambiguity="2" box="[1049,1062,226,249]" fuzzyness="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" score="50.0" value="7">)</pageNumber>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221638" box="[262,537,261,309]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48207" location="quarry 59 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="left maxilla, left tinia-metatarsus and some phalanges of pes" specimenCode="AMNH 5432" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5432</materialsCitation>
left maxilla, left tibia-metatarsus and some phalanges 
<emphasis box="[1721,1763,279,304]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
pes (quarry 59 
<emphasis box="[542,794,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
of 
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[599,911,330,357]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</pageTitle>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[261,1841,368,415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221635" box="[261,516,368,415]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="quarry 50 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="pelvis, hind limbs, base of tail" specimenCode="NMC 11593" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 11593</materialsCitation>
pelvis, 
<emphasis box="[689,779,382,409]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">hind</emphasis>
limbs, 
<emphasis box="[946,1099,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">base of</emphasis>
tail (quarry 50 
<emphasis box="[1444,1700,384,411]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
of 
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[1505,1822,385,411]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[264,663,424,469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221621" box="[264,464,424,469]" collectionCode="ROM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="maxillae" specimenCode="ROM 683" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">ROM 683</materialsCitation>
maxillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[262,1050,476,522]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221617" box="[262,466,476,522]" collectionCode="ROM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="left premaxilla and maxilla" specimenCode="ROM 436" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">ROM 436</materialsCitation>
left premaxilla and maxilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[262,848,530,576]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221626" box="[262,489,530,576]" collectionCode="ROM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="palatal elements" specimenCode="ROM 1247" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">ROM 1247</materialsCitation>
palatal elements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[260,1286,582,630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221628" box="[260,530,582,630]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48102" location="quarry 57 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="skull" specimenCode="ANMH 5336" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5336</materialsCitation>
skull (quarry 57 
<emphasis box="[895,938,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[953,1266,597,624]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[260,1842,636,684]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221634" box="[260,525,636,684]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48235" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="skull and nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="ANMH 5458" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5458</materialsCitation>
skull and nearly complete skeleton (Little Sandhill 
<emphasis box="[1577,1694,650,678]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Creek</emphasis>
basin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221618" box="[260,498,690,737]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="NCMC 2120" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2120</materialsCitation>
(type 
<emphasis box="[656,699,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[725,949,706,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">G. libratus</taxonomicName>
) nearly complete skeleton (quarry 36 of 
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[307,618,759,785]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[259,732,796,843]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221639" box="[259,485,796,843]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="surangular" specimenCode="NCMC 2193" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2193</materialsCitation>
surangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221631" box="[259,566,851,897]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="skull and skeleton, lacking hind limbs and tail" specimenCode="PR308" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
FMNH 
<emphasis box="[434,495,861,893]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">PR</emphasis>
308
</materialsCitation>
skull and skeleton, 
<emphasis box="[998,1254,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">lacking hind</emphasis>
limbs and tail (Little 
<emphasis box="[1730,1845,864,892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Sandhill</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[388,636,917,945]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Creek basin</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[258,1851,161,1005]" box="[258,730,957,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1843221616" box="[258,511,957,1005]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="skull and skeleton, lacking hind limbs and tail" specimenCode="NMC 11814" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 11814</materialsCitation>
braincase.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="16.[208,1852,1086,1399]" box="[213,404,1086,1111]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis box="[213,404,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[208,1852,1086,1399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
Length 
<emphasis box="[427,470,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
dentary 
<emphasis box="[675,783,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">tooth</emphasis>
row 71 per cent of 
<emphasis box="[1261,1608,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">length of fourth</emphasis>
metatarsal (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370326" box="[222,516,1201,1240]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="nearly complete skeleton, lacking tail" specimenCode="USNM 12814" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">USNM 12814</materialsCitation>
?, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370309" box="[558,793,1194,1241]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="NCMC 2120" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2120</materialsCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[830,871,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">In</emphasis>
adult animals (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370304" box="[1192,1424,1199,1239]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="NCMC 2120" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2120</materialsCitation>
) combined 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">length of scapula-coracoid</emphasis>
greater 
<emphasis box="[738,998,1264,1291]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">than that of</emphasis>
femur. In adult animals (
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370310" box="[1555,1839,1252,1294]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48235" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="skull and nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="ANMH 5458" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5458</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370303" box="[208,450,1302,1349]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="NCMC 2120" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2120</materialsCitation>
), combined 
<emphasis box="[720,843,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">length</emphasis>
of tibia and astragalus 95 per 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">cent of that of femur</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="16.[203,1852,1473,2803]" box="[209,416,1485,1516]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<heading box="[209,416,1485,1516]" fontSize="9" level="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<emphasis box="[209,416,1485,1516]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[203,1852,1473,2803]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName authority="Sternberg" authorityName="Sternberg" box="[256,725,1561,1588]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[256,725,1561,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Gorgosaurus sternbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis box="[756,925,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">with the</emphasis>
most complete skeleton known 
<emphasis box="[1619,1662,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
a 
<emphasis box="[1722,1846,1559,1589]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">North</emphasis>
American tyrannosaur as its 
<emphasis box="[827,916,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">type</emphasis>
, was characterized by 
<bibRefCitation author="Matthew, W. D. &amp; B. Brown" firstAuthor="Matthew" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History Novitates" page="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" part="89" refId="ref12026" refString="(1923). Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta. American Museum of Natural History Novitates 89: 1 - 10." title="Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1923">Matthew and Brown (1923: 7)</bibRefCitation>
as follows: &quot;It is 
<emphasis box="[769,812,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
smaller size and more slender proportions 
<emphasis box="[1713,1792,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">that</emphasis>
in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[207,421,1725,1750]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">G. libratus</taxonomicName>
. The jaws are much less massive and 
<emphasis box="[1208,1268,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
muzzle is more slender, 
<emphasis box="[1786,1847,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
maxilla more elongate and shallow, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1014,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
orbital fenestra more circular. The tibia is 
<emphasis box="[256,513,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">considerably</emphasis>
longer 
<emphasis box="[686,860,1831,1858]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">than the</emphasis>
femur.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation author="GiLMORE, C. W." box="[1065,1444,1829,1860]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" page="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref11435" refString="(1946). A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106 (13): 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore (1946: 3)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis box="[1468,1846,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">suggested that the</emphasis>
apparent slenderness 
<emphasis box="[662,786,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
of 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[725,786,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
</emphasis>
muzzle in 
<emphasis box="[1036,1097,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
type was caused by crushing, and 
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhdestvensky, A. K." box="[206,680,1936,1966]" firstAuthor="Rozhdestvensky" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" pagination="95 - 109" part="1965" refId="ref12229" refString="Rozhdestvensky, A. K. (1965). Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1965 (3): 95 - 109." title="Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy" type="journal article" year="1965">Rozhdestvensky (1965)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis box="[705,771,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">has</emphasis>
demonstrated 
<emphasis box="[1094,1257,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">that the</emphasis>
tibia /femur 
<emphasis box="[1539,1633,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">ratio</emphasis>
decreases during growth in tyrannosaurs {
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[869,1124,1993,2018]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[203,1852,1473,2803]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation author="Matthew, W. D. &amp; B. Brown" box="[254,872,2055,2090]" firstAuthor="Matthew" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History Novitates" page="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" part="89" refId="ref12026" refString="(1923). Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta. American Museum of Natural History Novitates 89: 1 - 10." title="Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1923">Matthew and Brown (1923: 7)</bibRefCitation>
were aware 
<emphasis box="[1134,1684,2061,2088]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of the possibility that these</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[206,276,2117,2138]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">characters</emphasis>
might be due to 
<emphasis box="[649,710,2115,2139]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
juvenility 
<emphasis box="[939,1057,2115,2141]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of the</emphasis>
type specimen, noting 
<emphasis box="[1551,1710,2116,2140]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">that the</emphasis>
pelvic elements were not co-ossified. The sutures between 
<emphasis box="[1300,1360,2170,2194]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
bones 
<emphasis box="[1517,1633,2168,2194]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of the</emphasis>
skull roof are widely open, and 
<emphasis box="[676,776,2224,2248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">there</emphasis>
is nothing in 
<emphasis box="[1093,1153,2224,2248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
morphology 
<emphasis box="[1452,1575,2222,2248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of the</emphasis>
specimen 
<emphasis box="[1808,1847,2223,2246]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">to</emphasis>
suggest 
<emphasis box="[364,443,2277,2301]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">that</emphasis>
it is 
<emphasis box="[536,602,2275,2301]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">not</emphasis>
an 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[676,882,2277,2302]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[676,712,2277,2302]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
. libratus
</taxonomicName>
approximately two-thirds grown. 
<emphasis box="[1580,1839,2276,2301]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">Interestmgly</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[204,265,2329,2353]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
supraoccipital alae 
<emphasis box="[689,808,2329,2355]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of the</emphasis>
parietals are only about one-fourth as 
<emphasis box="[1637,1736,2331,2355]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">large</emphasis>
as in adults, indicating 
<emphasis box="[596,675,2385,2409]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">that</emphasis>
these 
<emphasis box="[830,942,2386,2408]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">crests</emphasis>
become more powerfully developed with maturity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[203,1852,1473,2803]" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhdestvensky, A. K." box="[252,765,2503,2533]" firstAuthor="Rozhdestvensky's" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" pagination="95 - 109" part="1965" refId="ref12229" refString="Rozhdestvensky, A. K. (1965). Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1965 (3): 95 - 109." title="Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy" type="journal article" year="1965">Rozhdestvensky's (1965)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis box="[794,1000,2504,2531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">important</emphasis>
studies 
<emphasis box="[1190,1233,2506,2532]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
growth changes in 
<emphasis box="[1673,1848,2503,2530]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the limb</emphasis>
proportions of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[524,767,2557,2583]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[786,1170,2557,2587]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">require that North</emphasis>
American material 
<emphasis box="[1592,1636,2558,2584]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">be</emphasis>
examined 
<emphasis box="[204,263,2613,2637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">for</emphasis>
similar growth effects. Although articulated remains 
<emphasis box="[1359,1402,2613,2639]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
juvenile tyrannosaurs are 
<emphasis box="[285,667,2662,2691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">far from being the</emphasis>
commonest of fossils, a 
<emphasis box="[1193,1316,2668,2693]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">barely</emphasis>
adequate sample 
<emphasis box="[1698,1848,2664,2690]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of halfgrown</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[347,386,2721,2744]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">to</emphasis>
adult 
<emphasis box="[520,782,2719,2746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">specimens of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[792,1000,2724,2746]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">/I. libratus</taxonomicName>
is available, from which some impression may 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[310,354,2772,2798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">be</emphasis>
gained 
<emphasis box="[526,570,2772,2798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">of</emphasis>
allometric growth in 
<emphasis box="[1023,1083,2776,2800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="7">the</emphasis>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[223,1855,203,1307]" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">
Six 
<emphasis box="[356,682,208,235]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">
specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[646,862,209,234]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
from the badlands 
<emphasis box="[1296,1340,208,234]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of</emphasis>
the Oldman Formation near Steveville, 
<emphasis box="[548,705,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">Alberta</emphasis>
, have been examined for changes in 
<emphasis box="[1466,1590,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">bodily</emphasis>
proportions 
<emphasis box="[224,442,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">correlating</emphasis>
with 
<emphasis box="[577,637,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the</emphasis>
size 
<emphasis box="[758,882,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of the</emphasis>
animal. The smallest individual 
<emphasis box="[1591,1713,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of the</emphasis>
series 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446863301" box="[226,498,354,401]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" preperations="jaw fragments, four caudal vertebrae, fragments of pelvis, left hind limb" specimenCode="AMNH 5423" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5423</materialsCitation>
was 
<emphasis box="[620,836,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">considered</emphasis>
as possibly referable to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1371,1586,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1371,1406,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1439,1586,372,394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">libratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the lengths of the</emphasis>
tibia and metatarsus continue 
<emphasis box="[1200,1260,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the</emphasis>
same 
<emphasis box="[1412,1534,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">trends</emphasis>
seen in 
<emphasis box="[1731,1846,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">larger</emphasis>
specimens 
<emphasis box="[450,570,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of the</emphasis>
species, because 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[940,1214,480,505]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
is 
<emphasis box="[1285,1385,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">three</emphasis>
times as abundant as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[228,526,536,561]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[228,526,536,561]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this area 
<emphasis box="[795,839,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of</emphasis>
outcrop 
<emphasis box="[1030,1148,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of the</emphasis>
Oldman Formation, and because only adult 
<emphasis box="[448,783,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">specimens of the</emphasis>
latter genus have 
<emphasis box="[1162,1202,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">so</emphasis>
far 
<emphasis box="[1292,1383,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">been</emphasis>
found 
<emphasis box="[1536,1624,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">here</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1649,1725,587,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">The</emphasis>
other five 
<emphasis box="[324,526,646,673]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">specimens</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370320" box="[570,861,633,675]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48461" location="quarry 54 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="AMNH 5664" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5664</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370321" box="[903,1202,632,676]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" preperations="nearly complete skeleton, lacking tail" specimenCode="USNM 12814" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">USNM 12814</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370307" box="[1243,1512,630,677]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="quarry 50 of Sternberg, 1950" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" preperations="pelvis, hind limbs, base of tail" specimenCode="NMC 11593" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 11593</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370322" box="[1552,1840,630,678]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48235" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" preperations="skull and nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="ANMH 5458" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">AMNH 5458</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370317" box="[225,463,686,733]" collectionCode="NMC" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" preperations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="NCMC 2120" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 2120</materialsCitation>
) 
<emphasis box="[501,593,701,729]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">have</emphasis>
been 
<emphasis box="[736,903,701,726]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">assigned</emphasis>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[993,1211,702,727]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[993,1029,702,727]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. libratus
</taxonomicName>
on 
<emphasis box="[1310,1562,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the basis of</emphasis>
their skeletal anatomy {
<emphasis box="[435,717,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">see diagnoses</emphasis>
). The precise horizon from which each 
<emphasis box="[1558,1716,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of these</emphasis>
specimens was collected is known in 
<emphasis box="[906,1111,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">only three</emphasis>
cases, 
<emphasis box="[1271,1448,812,839]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">although</emphasis>
dinosaurian fossils 
<emphasis box="[225,284,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">are</emphasis>
restricted to an 
<emphasis box="[634,925,867,894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">approximately</emphasis>
200- 
<emphasis box="[1029,1111,868,893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">foot</emphasis>
vertical interval in 
<emphasis box="[1532,1592,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the</emphasis>
area (
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg, C. M." firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" refId="ref12437" refString="(1950). Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities. Geological Survey of Canada." title="Map 969 A Steveville west of the fourth meridian, notes on fossil localities" type="book chapter" year="1950">Sternberg 1950</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[466,507,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">In</emphasis>
view 
<emphasis box="[628,671,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of</emphasis>
the great resemblance oï 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1184,1487,923,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">
<emphasis box="[1184,1221,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1247,1487,923,949]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">sarcophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<emphasis box="[1613,1673,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the</emphasis>
younger Edmonton Formation 
<emphasis box="[701,798,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[762,985,979,1004]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, it is improbable 
<emphasis box="[1370,1448,982,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">that</emphasis>
allometric changes would 
<emphasis box="[372,416,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">be</emphasis>
obscured by 
<emphasis box="[725,981,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">evolutionary</emphasis>
changes 
<emphasis box="[1197,1284,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">over</emphasis>
a stratigraphie interval 
<emphasis box="[1811,1855,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of</emphasis>
this magnitude.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[223,1855,203,1307]" lastBlockId="19.[225,1859,194,1959]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">
The 
<emphasis box="[371,639,1169,1195]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">
length of 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[579,639,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the</emphasis>
</emphasis>
femur was arbitrarily chosen as a standard to which 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the lengths of other</emphasis>
skeletal structures in a specimen were compared {see 
<emphasis box="[1666,1780,1222,1249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">Table</emphasis>
1). The allometric changes are apparent when 
<emphasis box="[1113,1469,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">the lengths of the</emphasis>
skeletal structures are 
<emphasis box="[311,501,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">expressed</emphasis>
as a percentage 
<emphasis box="[873,995,197,222]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of the</emphasis>
femur 
<emphasis box="[1159,1282,197,222]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">length</emphasis>
and plotted against femur 
<emphasis box="[228,350,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">length</emphasis>
on a 
<emphasis box="[464,583,252,277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">graph</emphasis>
. These data, although based on a minimal number 
<emphasis box="[1617,1660,251,277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
measurements, seem to indicate that as 
<emphasis box="[883,944,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
animal increases in size from 
<emphasis box="[1574,1791,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">half-grown</emphasis>
to fully mature, 
<emphasis box="[531,591,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
presacral vertebral column, ribs, scapula-coracoid, pubis, and ischium increase more rapidly in 
<emphasis box="[1044,1278,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">length than</emphasis>
does the femur; 
<emphasis box="[1661,1720,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
skull, sacrum, 
<emphasis box="[409,586,462,490]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">humerus</emphasis>
, and radius-ulna grow at 
<emphasis box="[1145,1519,461,488]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">approximately the</emphasis>
same rate; and 
<emphasis box="[228,288,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
caudal vertebral column, manus, tibia, metatarsus, and pes grow at a 
<emphasis box="[228,357,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">slower</emphasis>
rate. These relative rates 
<emphasis box="[875,918,569,595]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
growth appear to 
<emphasis box="[1285,1465,569,596]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">be rather</emphasis>
constant, although in 
<emphasis box="[282,578,622,649]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the case of the</emphasis>
combined 
<emphasis box="[813,1071,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">length of the</emphasis>
tibia-astragalus 
<emphasis box="[1418,1477,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
rate 
<emphasis box="[1591,1634,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
increase is slow, relative to 
<emphasis box="[578,798,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">that of the</emphasis>
femur, until 
<emphasis box="[1082,1142,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
animal attains 
<emphasis box="[1473,1533,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
size 
<emphasis box="[1646,1688,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370315" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States" formation="Oldman Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" location="Little Sandhill Creck basin" pageId="19" pageNumber="10" preperations="nearly complete skeleton, lacking tail" specimenCode="USNM 12814" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">USNM 12814</materialsCitation>
, when 
<emphasis box="[515,575,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
growth rate abruptly changes to 
<emphasis box="[1318,1846,729,756]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">equal that of the femur</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040979/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[156,1918,1400,2688]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[166,1910,2730,2812]" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,274,2744,2766]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">Figure</emphasis>
3 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[349,726,2744,2766]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
, restoration 
<emphasis box="[954,991,2746,2768]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">of</emphasis>
a hypothetical 
<emphasis box="[1265,1427,2747,2767]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">hatchling</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1450,1689,2742,2768]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">The length of</emphasis>
the 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1769,1870,2743,2767]" pageId="17" pageNumber="8">femur</emphasis>
is 100 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[763,769,-2,5]" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">'</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF35298654405321FF66C5BB31D4FA76" box="[217,249,1404,1577]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF35298654405321FF66C5BB31D4FA76" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" startId="18.[217,249,1439,1577]" targetBox="[389,1552,279,2811]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[217,249,1404,1577]" box="[217,249,1404,1577]" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">TABLE l</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="9">
<table box="[389,1552,279,2811]" gridcols="22" gridrows="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
<tr box="[389,431,279,2811]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
<th box="[389,431,1914,1949]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">J</th>
<th box="[389,431,1779,1902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">J= M c</th>
<th box="[389,431,1214,1560]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">c '* fN ^M C (U J</th>
<th box="[389,431,1107,1187]" gridcol="14" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">.g</th>
<th box="[389,431,887,1061]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="15" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">^ c^ hJ</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[437,481,279,2811]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" textDirection="bu">
<td box="[437,481,1914,1949]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">a</td>
<td box="[437,481,1779,1902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">13 O C^ CO</td>
<td box="[437,481,1601,1721]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">^M a ^3</td>
<td box="[437,481,1417,1560]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">T3 3a o</td>
<td box="[437,481,1358,1405]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">&quot;3</td>
<td box="[437,481,1107,1332]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">M so c o</td>
<td box="[437,481,1034,1061]" gridcol="15" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">&quot;</td>
<td box="[437,481,887,1002]" gridcol="16" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">_ç2 3 o.</td>
<td box="[437,481,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">6b c u J</td>
<td box="[437,481,456,591]" gridcol="18" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">c</td>
<td box="[437,481,376,393]" gridcol="19" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">i-J</td>
<td box="[437,481,327,365]" gridcol="20" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">C</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[485,522,279,2811]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" textDirection="bu">
<td box="[485,522,1914,1949]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">?</td>
<td box="[485,522,1779,1902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">D a u</td>
<td box="[485,522,1653,1721]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">CO</td>
<td box="[485,522,1601,1628]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">E</td>
<td box="[485,522,1417,1560]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">1) t^ &lt;u&gt;</td>
<td box="[485,522,1214,1405]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">(L&gt; 1-</td>
<td box="[485,522,887,1061]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="15" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">'5 o 2o o</td>
<td box="[485,522,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">(LI 3</td>
<td box="[485,522,456,591]" gridcol="18" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">c</td>
<td box="[485,522,376,393]" gridcol="19" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">•-</td>
<td box="[485,522,327,365]" gridcol="20" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">T3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[646,924,279,2811]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-16="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" textDirection="bu">
<th box="[646,924,2559,2811]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">
&lt;^ 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">
* -i. ^ °° &lt;~^ ^ nn!^ &quot;^ ^ ^ ^ r5 &quot;?^î ^ S w-1 1/1 ^ «-&gt; fN _ r^ Ij; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">Z Z 7- u z u 2 2^222 &lt;</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
&lt;D Z &lt;Z
</th>
<td box="[646,924,2039,2102]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
2^ S o OO &lt;
<emphasis box="[756,769,2066,2083]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">o</emphasis>
r- 
<emphasis box="[741,758,2085,2102]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">o</emphasis>
\
</td>
<td box="[646,924,1653,1721]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">\0 'O</td>
<td box="[646,924,1358,1560]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">O O</td>
<td box="[646,924,1107,1332]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">a ON ^&gt; o o O ro OO OO</td>
<td box="[646,924,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
O v~ 
<emphasis box="[754,760,758,769]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">i</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[1017,1055,279,2811]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-16="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
<td box="[1017,1055,1981,2004]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">43</td>
<td box="[1017,1055,1358,1405]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">, 1</td>
<td box="[1017,1055,1214,1332]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">J= 60 a</td>
<td box="[1017,1055,1107,1187]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
&quot; 
<emphasis box="[1030,1047,1124,1141]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">c</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[1068,1153,279,2811]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" textDirection="bu">
<td box="[1068,1153,2291,2326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
<emphasis box="[1076,1105,2291,2326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">J</emphasis>
E
</td>
<td box="[1068,1153,1981,2004]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">-a</td>
<td box="[1068,1153,1653,1721]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
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<emphasis box="[1120,1141,1677,1694]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">X</emphasis>
) U 3
</td>
<td box="[1068,1153,1417,1560]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
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<emphasis box="[1070,1099,1525,1560]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">J</emphasis>
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</td>
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<td box="[1068,1153,1107,1187]" gridcol="14" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
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</td>
<td box="[1068,1153,887,1002]" gridcol="16" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">60 &lt;Sa</td>
<td box="[1068,1153,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">c.2</td>
<td box="[1068,1153,327,365]" gridcol="20" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">S!§</td>
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<tr box="[1259,1306,279,2811]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-16="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
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<td box="[1308,1405,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
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<emphasis box="[1359,1376,679,696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">o</emphasis>
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</td>
<td box="[1308,1405,456,591]" gridcol="18" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
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<emphasis box="[1370,1387,479,496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">N</emphasis>
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</td>
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<tr box="[1406,1453,279,2811]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
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<td box="[1406,1453,1107,1187]" gridcol="14" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">I</td>
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<td box="[1406,1453,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">1</td>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1435,520,554]" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">O</emphasis>
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</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[1454,1552,279,2811]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
<th box="[1454,1552,2768,2811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">&lt;Z</th>
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<td box="[1454,1552,2694,2736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
<emphasis box="[1473,1502,2698,2733]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">Z</emphasis>
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</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,2559,2653]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">^ o io &lt;N</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,1779,1902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1466,1495,1866,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">O</emphasis>
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</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,1417,1560]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">I w</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,1214,1405]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
e a o ^&gt; 
<emphasis box="[1477,1490,1295,1312]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">o</emphasis>
o &lt;
<emphasis box="[1474,1490,1316,1333]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">N</emphasis>
•* O o
</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,887,1002]" gridcol="16" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">^ ON o o ON o On O</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,617,840]" gridcol="17" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">1 1</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,456,591]" gridcol="18" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">^^ ^ vO a^ 1/-1 'J&lt;N OS VO ty^</td>
<td box="[1454,1552,279,302]" gridcol="21" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" textDirection="bu">
- 
<emphasis box="[1467,1488,282,296]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">t,</emphasis>
<pageNumber ambiguity="3" box="[1513,1532,279,302]" fuzzyness="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="9" score="156.0" value="9">S</pageNumber>
</td>
</paragraph>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote pageId="18" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="9">^ 3 ^ 3 3 u in O E &quot;^ rs f Els c fc E &quot;o O &lt;u ^ O S! c 3 3 * a t Ë u w o i</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="9">
/&gt; ^.i &quot; jr S S P E o 03 en 2 4i M o c \^ 
<emphasis box="[1797,1822,2103,2118]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="9">^^</emphasis>
Z =^ F. o E
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph blockId="19.[225,1859,194,1959]" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">
The comparative changes in 
<emphasis box="[875,935,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
proportions 
<emphasis box="[1215,1259,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
skeletal structures may 
<emphasis box="[1764,1855,797,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">have</emphasis>
been 
<emphasis box="[344,387,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
the same 
<emphasis box="[614,757,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">general</emphasis>
magnitude during 
<emphasis box="[1174,1233,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
earlier, more 
<emphasis box="[1545,1650,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">rapid</emphasis>
stages 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of growth</emphasis>
. Assuming that this was true, it would 
<emphasis box="[1166,1210,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">be</emphasis>
possible to estimate 
<emphasis box="[1634,1693,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
relative 
<emphasis box="[228,354,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">bodily</emphasis>
proportions 
<emphasis box="[645,688,957,983]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
a very young (hatchling) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1253,1702,956,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosawus libratus</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis box="[1737,1809,954,983]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">For</emphasis>
a femur 
<emphasis box="[365,551,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">length of</emphasis>
100 mm, 
<emphasis box="[758,1322,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the lengths of the following</emphasis>
structures were estimated graphically as follows: 
<emphasis box="[747,841,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">skull</emphasis>
88 mm, presacral vertebral column 210 mm, sacrum 70 mm. anterior twenty-four caudal vertebrae 390 mm, scapula-coracoid 63 mm, humerus 26 mm, ulna 20 mm, manus 48 mm, second 
<emphasis box="[1489,1712,1170,1197]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">metacarpal</emphasis>
7 mm, ilium 100 mm, pubis 68 mm, ischium 54 mm, circumference 
<emphasis box="[1505,1548,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
femur 28 mm, tibia-astragalus 140 mm, metatarsal 
<emphasis box="[982,1081,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">three</emphasis>
85 mm, third 
<emphasis box="[1387,1538,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">digit of</emphasis>
pes 56 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[225,1859,194,1959]" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[276,666,1343,1371]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">Using these figures</emphasis>
as a guide, an attempt 
<emphasis box="[1168,1233,1344,1370]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">has</emphasis>
been made 
<emphasis box="[1492,1530,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">to</emphasis>
reconstruct 
<emphasis box="[1795,1855,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
skeleton 
<emphasis box="[417,460,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
a hatchling tyrannosaur. The adult morphology 
<emphasis box="[1496,1591,1398,1425]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">
of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1556,1769,1398,1423]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1790,1855,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">has</emphasis>
been modified by reducing 
<emphasis box="[812,871,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
development 
<emphasis box="[1174,1217,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
muscle 
<emphasis box="[1393,1489,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">scars</emphasis>
and tuberosities, and 
<emphasis box="[320,381,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
number 
<emphasis box="[572,724,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of teeth</emphasis>
in 
<emphasis box="[796,961,1504,1532]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the jaws</emphasis>
and by increasing 
<emphasis box="[1353,1413,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
size 
<emphasis box="[1519,1635,1504,1531]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of the</emphasis>
orbit. The 
<emphasis box="[228,365,1557,1584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">ungual</emphasis>
phalanges 
<emphasis box="[602,717,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of the</emphasis>
manus and pes are shown, as in a very immature specimen (NMC 8782), referred 
<emphasis box="[797,836,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">to</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[854,1063,1612,1637]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
because 
<emphasis box="[1252,1312,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
first ungual 
<emphasis box="[1578,1694,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of the</emphasis>
manus, unlike in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[426,731,1666,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[426,731,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is 
<emphasis box="[801,963,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">strongly</emphasis>
curved. The 
<emphasis box="[1241,1518,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">lengths of the</emphasis>
ribs are 
<emphasis box="[1706,1855,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">entirely</emphasis>
conjectural, as 
<emphasis box="[540,600,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
increase in rib 
<emphasis box="[921,1043,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">length</emphasis>
is apparently too rapid in more mature individuals 
<emphasis box="[472,510,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">to</emphasis>
have 
<emphasis box="[647,947,1771,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">been sustained</emphasis>
throughout 
<emphasis box="[1220,1279,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">the</emphasis>
ontogeny 
<emphasis box="[1511,1631,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of the</emphasis>
animal. It is hoped 
<emphasis box="[422,501,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">that</emphasis>
this reconstruction (
<figureCitation box="[926,1095,1827,1853]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="17.[166,274,2744,2766]" captionTargetBox="[156,1918,1400,2688]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 3 Albertosaurus libratus, restoration of a hypothetical hatchling. The length of the femur is 100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">Figure 3</figureCitation>
) will serve both as an estimation 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of the</emphasis>
actual appearance 
<emphasis box="[694,738,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
a very young specimen 
<emphasis box="[1240,1283,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1297,1511,1880,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus" status="comb. nov.">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
, and as a means of 
<emphasis box="[281,449,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="10">focusing</emphasis>
attention on misinterpretations unknowingly incorporated into it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>