220 lines
28 KiB
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220 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="600CD234912E1DA5AAC9CF011A6B3F20" ID-CLB-Dataset="280654" ID-DOI="10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="78082210-95c4-4565-8b3f-734a661e613d" ID-ISSN="1733-5329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10265140" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1701773713024" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Volleth, Marianne, Mayer, Frieder, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Müller, Stefan & Fahr, Jakob" docDate="2023" docId="038607610E030A4C9971FA0C193B95BE" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaChiropterol.25.1.35-52.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Chiropterologica 25 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D17EC282BABB8B0847763DCC9F0C3514.3:ActaChiropterol.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="D17EC282BABB8B0847763DCC9F0C3514" docStyleName="ActaChiropterol.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nycticeinops happoldorum" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFBF7F190E040A459A46FFF21C5A9405" masterDocTitle="Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1701801424038" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:titleInfo id="957806140301EBFA6CB6E2744A71FCE0">
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<mods:title id="576499D035E84287A9FC957DB8F64E73">Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3417AE12EDBA43C8DC42EA06F3827C57" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0BD61E37E06B21724E1F646A76332C7B">Volleth, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="38967D8BAAA89EE4BFF2CEFCC2440238">Department of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany & Present address: Triesdorf Bahnhof 8, 91732 Merkendorf, Germany & Corresponding author: E-mail: mvolleth 19 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8AE85A0D00CC4F4A304F04E76978DFA" type="email">mvolleth19@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1698E31940EA905EA1066642AB336C3A">Mayer, Frieder</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56019585908CF727221D3795A41B6CFB">Leibnitz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="ABDB47E567C4A2E74EE64BECDB2E75D6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4424F7ED8BA131B3C0C650DCFA4C39BC">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="767EBFA79ADF5885E5113B5E003875F1">Triesdorf Bahnhof 8, 91732 Merkendorf, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="76742A8B6DD01D2E15C97D4AB62EA847">Müller, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3AB565C66D80536943524684970823D">Institute of Human Genetics, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Goethestr. 29, 80336 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="916CBF53B85432F566835D35C490F1B7">Fahr, Jakob</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="136547220EE214F04F948457EC26BD36">Department of Experimental Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany & Present address: Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz, Göttinger Chaussee 76 a, 30453 Hannover, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5CEEAA137BD31FC254117D2877508389">Acta Chiropterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2A64C2F0AB588E4FE1DDCB4BB027C6A4">
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<mods:date id="0F855F40F0F4A2CCAEFB98E4413A7E70">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BEC75D100FAA23A15AE09883CE7E5E88">2023-08-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="65BB332662C6EBD1AFCAF4A773B4C95C">25</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="51392B4DA6085A75AD0949ED8E83B387" type="DOI">10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.002</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038607610E030A4C9971FA0C193B95BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10261417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10261417" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038607610E030A4C9971FA0C193B95BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038607610E030A4C9971FA0C193B95BE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C335E5FC0E030A429971FA0C1925921D" box="[823,1407,1534,1560]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E030A429971FA0C1925921D" blockId="7.[823,1407,1534,1560]" box="[823,1407,1534,1560]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0D8011B0E030A429971FA0C1925921D" box="[823,1407,1534,1560]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E030A429971FA0C1925921D" ID-CoL="8LVG7" authority="(Hutterer et al., 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Hutterer" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[823,1407,1534,1560]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="happoldorum">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E030A429971FA0C182E921D" box="[823,1140,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Nycticeinops happoldorum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBECB860E030A429EC2FA0C192D921D" author="Hutterer" box="[1156,1399,1534,1560]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hutterer" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="51 - 59" refId="ref11061" refString="HUTTERER, R., and J. KERBIS PETERHANS. 2019. A further new species of vesper bat from Central Africa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Lynx (N. S.), 50: 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Hutterer
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E030A429EB6FA0C197E921D" box="[1264,1316,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
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., 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C335E5FC0E030A4C9909F9B1193B95BE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E030A429909F9B11F95934B" blockId="7.[809,1422,1603,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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The examined male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E030A429E2DF9B119D79258" authority="(NHA)" baseAuthorityName="NHA" box="[1131,1421,1603,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="happoldorum">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E030A429E2DF9B119759258" box="[1131,1327,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">N. happoldorum</emphasis>
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(NHA)
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</taxonomicName>
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showed a karyotype with 2n = 24 chromosomes (FNa = 44) with eight large- to medium-sized meta- to submetacentric autosomal pairs and three medium-sized subtelocentric pairs. The X chromosome was a medium-sized submetacentric and the Y chromosome was a small metacentric chromosome (
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<figureCitation id="1314AAF20E030A42993EF8C61FE5934B" box="[888,959,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1922,1943]" captionTargetBox="[474,1109,1145,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-184@9.[418,1265,1114,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 8. The G-banded karyotype of a male N. happoldorum with 2n = 24 chromosomes and their homology to M. myotis (MMY). Bold numbers indicate homology validated with FISH applying painting probes from MMY" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265162/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E030A4D9909F8A41D7792A6" blockId="7.[809,1422,1603,1973]" lastBlockId="8.[151,764,884,1973]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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The composition of meta- and submetacentric autosomal pairs was analysed by G-band pattern comparison with the basic vespertilionid karyotype and with karyotypes of other
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9BAAFC861EC3978B" authorityName="sensu Volleth and Heller" authorityYear="1994" box="[492,665,884,910]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Vespertilionini">Vespertilionini</taxonomicName>
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species. None of the four metacentric pairs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9834FC651E9897B4" box="[626,706,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9834FC651E9897B4" box="[626,706,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was conserved in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9B7CFC4B1DA497D6" box="[314,510,953,979]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="happoldorum">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9B7CFC4B1DA497D6" box="[314,510,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. happoldorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Instead, the following arm combinations were found in pairs NHA1 to NHA8: 1/13, 2/7, 3/6, 4/9, 5/12, 8/10, 14/19, and 15/18. The composition of the three subtelocentric pairs was verified using MMY painting probes. NHA9 showed homology to three small
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D98EAFB961EA6907B" box="[684,764,1124,1150]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D98EAFB961EA6907B" box="[684,764,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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chromosomes, MMY
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<quantity id="4CD71B920E0C0A4D9BD1FB751D8F90A4" box="[407,469,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
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the short arm, MMY20 and MMY
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<quantity id="4CD71B920E0C0A4D9B53FB5B1D0990C6" box="[277,339,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
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the long arm, separated by a small heterochromatic segment. NHA10 was homologous to the combined MMY24 and MMY25 painting probe in the short and MMY
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<quantity id="4CD71B920E0C0A4D984FFAE21E1D912F" box="[521,583,1296,1322]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
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the long arm. FISH with tree shrew TBE30 probe confirmed homologous sequences to MMY
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<quantity id="4CD71B920E0C0A4D9BBFFAA61E6E916B" box="[505,564,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
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the distal part of the NHA10 short arm. The smallest subtelocentric pair, NHA11, was shown to bear MMY21 homologous sequences in the short arm and the proximal part of the long arm, and MMY16/17 (TBE5) homologous sequences in the distal part of the long arm. The G-banding pattern of the X chromosome differed clearly from that of state II, which characterizes
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9B78F9951DB19284" authorityName="sensu Volleth and Heller" authorityYear="1994" box="[318,491,1639,1665]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Vespertilionini">Vespertilionini</taxonomicName>
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and Pipistrellini species (
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<figureCitation id="1314AAF20E0C0A4D9A90F97B1D4492A6" box="[214,286,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,445,466]" captionTargetBox="[223,686,188,416]" captionTargetId="figure-108@9.[151,765,173,439]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. Examples of G-banded X chromosomes: The banding patterns of the X chromosomes from L. kirinyaga (LKI) and N. schlieffeni (NSC) were similar to that of state II of the basic vespertilionid karyotype. The N. guineensis (NGU) X was the product of an X-autosome translocation and the X chromosomes from P. brunnea (PBR) and N. happoldorum (NHA) showed unique derived G-banding patterns" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265160/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF50E6FF0E0C0A4D9AD1FDF61ED79736" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10265156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265156/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" startId="8.[151,164,516,537]" targetBox="[184,740,179,484]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0C0A4D9AD1FDF61EA69712" blockId="8.[151,765,516,819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7620AB0E0C0A4D9AD1FDF61CE29612" baselines="532,531" box="[151,184,516,537]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">FIG</smallCapsWord>
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. 5. Rearranged bi-armed pair 3/4 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9872FDF61EFA961C" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[564,672,516,537]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pseudoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9872FDF61EFA961C" box="[564,672,516,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">P. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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depicted from left to right after G-banding, C-banding, FISH with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9AD1FDCE1CA79654" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,253,572,593]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Eulemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macaco">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9AD1FDCE1CA79654" box="[151,253,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">E. macaco</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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painting probe EMA8 and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9840FDCE1E239654" box="[518,633,572,593]" class="Mammalia" family="Tupaiidae" genus="Tupaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scandentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belangeri">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9840FDCE1E239654" box="[518,633,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">T. belangeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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probe TBE6. The extant centromere is indicated by a dash, the ancestral centromere position by an asterisk. In the basic karyotype, EMA8 homologous sequences were located in the proximal region of the MMY3 homologous chromosomal arms, whereas here they are found in the long arm of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9856FD3B1E2396DB" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[528,633,713,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pseudoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9856FD3B1E2396DB" box="[528,633,713,734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">P. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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chromosome 3/4 (TBE6, homologous to parts of MMY4, was used to delimit the proximal and distal regions of the MMY4 homologous
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0C0A4D9B43FCEC1ED79736" blockId="8.[151,765,516,819]" box="[261,653,798,819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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segment in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9B33FCEC1D879736" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[373,477,798,819]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pseudoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9B33FCEC1D879736" box="[373,477,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">P. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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chromosome 3/4)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0C0A4C9AFBF9591DDC9767" blockId="8.[151,764,884,1973]" lastBlockId="9.[151,764,702,1073]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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C-banding revealed a nearly completely heterochromatic Y chromosome and few small non-centromeric heterochromatic segments in addition to weak centromere staining. Only one homologue of NHA1 showed a terminally located heterochromatic band on the long arm. In NHA3 and NHA5, pericentromeric heterochromatin was present, but the homologs differed concerning the position, either in the short or the long arm. In NHA9, an interstitial C-positive band was present in the middle of the long arm, whereas a C-band positive segment was present at the long arm telomere in NHA11 on both homologs (
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|
<figureCitation id="1314AAF20E0D0A4C9B5AFCBA1D229767" box="[284,376,840,866]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[809,822,1782,1803]" captionTargetBox="[809,1414,191,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-371@8.[809,1414,179,1762]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. C-banded metaphase spreads of (A) P. brunnea, (B) N. happoldorum, and (C) N. schlieffenii. X and Y chromosomes and heterochromatic segments of interest are indicated, numbers refer to MMY homologies. In (B), arrows point to those heterochromatic segments which showed differences between the homologs and arrowheads point to C-positive segments on pairs NHA11 and NHA13. For further explanation see main text" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265158/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF50E6FF0E0C0A4D996FF904192293B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10265158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265158/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" startId="8.[809,822,1782,1803]" targetBox="[809,1414,191,1725]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0C0A4D996FF90419D7939C" blockId="8.[809,1422,1782,1973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7620AB0E0C0A4D996FF9041F13930F" baselines="1798,1798" box="[809,841,1782,1803]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">FIG</smallCapsWord>
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. 6. C-banded metaphase spreads of (A)
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9EA9F9041906930E" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1263,1372,1782,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pseudoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9EA9F9041906930E" box="[1263,1372,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">P. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (B)
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D996FF8E11F9C932D" box="[809,966,1811,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="happoldorum">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D996FF8E11F9C932D" box="[809,966,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. happoldorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and (C)
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0C0A4D9E67F8E118FC932D" box="[1057,1190,1811,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffenii">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0C0A4D9E67F8E118FC932D" box="[1057,1190,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">N. schlieffenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. X and Y chromosomes and heterochromatic segments of interest are indicated, numbers refer to MMY homologies. In (B), arrows point to those heterochromatic segments which showed differences between the homologs and arrowheads point to C-positive segments on pairs
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0C0A4D9978F852192293B0" blockId="8.[809,1422,1782,1973]" box="[830,1400,1952,1973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">NHA11 and NHA13. For further explanation see main text</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF50E6FF0E0D0A4C9AD1FE4F1EE4967E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10265160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" startId="9.[151,164,445,466]" targetBox="[223,686,188,416]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
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|
<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0D0A4C9AD1FE4F1EA1965A" blockId="9.[151,764,445,635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
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|
<smallCapsWord id="8D7620AB0E0D0A4C9AD1FE4F1CE295D4" baselines="461,461" box="[151,184,445,466]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">FIG</smallCapsWord>
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|
. 7. Examples of G-banded X chromosomes: The banding patterns of the X chromosomes from
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0D0A4C9852FE2B1E9595EB" authority="(LKI)" baseAuthorityName="LKI" box="[532,719,473,494]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Laephotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kirinyaga">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0D0A4C9852FE2B1ED795EB" box="[532,653,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">L. kirinyaga</emphasis>
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(LKI)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0D0A4C9AD1FE071D3D960F" authority="(NSC)" baseAuthorityName="NSC" box="[151,359,501,522]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">
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<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0D0A4C9AD1FE071D46960F" box="[151,284,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">N. schlieffeni</emphasis>
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(NSC)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
were similar to that of state II of the basic vespertilionid karyotype. The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0D0A4C9BA8FDE01EE09622" authority="(NGU)" baseAuthorityName="NGU" box="[494,698,530,551]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guineensis">
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|
<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0D0A4C9BA8FDE01E359622" box="[494,623,530,551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">N. guineensis</emphasis>
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(NGU)
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</taxonomicName>
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X was the product of an X-autosome translocation and the X chromosomes from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0D0A4C9B22FDB81E46965A" authority="(PBR)" baseAuthorityName="PBR" box="[356,540,586,607]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pseudoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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|
<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0D0A4C9B22FDB81D88965A" box="[356,466,586,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">P. brunnea</emphasis>
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(PBR)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FCDF40E0D0A4C981EFDB81EA1965A" box="[600,763,586,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95B6A650E0D0A4C981EFDB81EA1965A" box="[600,763,586,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">N. happoldorum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0D0A4C9A92FD941EE4967E" blockId="9.[151,764,445,635]" box="[212,702,614,635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">(NHA) showed unique derived G-banding patterns</paragraph>
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|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B90B6770E0D0A4C9AFBFC98193B95BE" blockId="9.[151,764,702,1073]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1422,175,443]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
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|
The NORs are positioned at the SC of the NHA8 long arm. Interestingly, NHA8, the fusion product of MMY18 and MMY15 homologs, showed a heteromorphism concerning the position of the centromere (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1314AAF20E0D0A4C9AE6FC061CA9900B" box="[160,243,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,164,414,435]" captionTargetBox="[456,1132,175,389]" captionTargetId="figure-285@10.[423,1149,173,406]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 9. Heteromorphic condition of the fusion products of MMY18 and NOR-bearing MMY15 homologous chromosomal arms in N. happoldorum chromosome NHA8 shown after different staining procedures and FISH from left to right: h — homogeneous Giemsa staining, G — G-banding, Ag — AgNOR staining, C — C-banding, FISH with MMY18 and MMY15 painting probes. Both homologs differ concerning the position of the centromeres, which are highlighted by dashes. The left chromosome of each pair displays the result of a centric fusion between MMY15 and MMY18 homologous chromosomal arms. On the right chromosome of each pair, the centromere is located within the MMY18 homologous arm, transforming the morphology from submetacentric to subtelocentric. Note that the NORs are positioned at the SC of the long arm, as indicated by arrowheads" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265166/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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|
). One homologue conserved the ancestral condition concerning the position of NOR and centromere. In the second homologue, however, the centromere is located within the MMY18 homologous arm, resulting in a subtelocentric shape. As the G-banding pattern was preserved, a centromere repositioning event is assumed as mode of rearrangement. The chromosomes 11, 12, and 15 were present in vespertilionid state II. The baculum of this specimen is depicted in
|
|
<figureCitation id="1314AAF20E0D0A4C9F40FE53190795BE" box="[1286,1373,417,443]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[809,822,1922,1943]" captionTargetBox="[809,1421,1216,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-443@10.[809,1422,1215,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 10. Photographic images of the N. happoldorum baculum, (A) lateral and (B) dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10265168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10265168/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |