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<document id="2CDBF5B9338F9779D1FC3D76D594B6EF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5374745" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5374745" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630276855747" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Märss, Tiiu &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, Valentina" docDate="2002" docId="03FA0B64FF88E027FECAA8C49A1DB935" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2002.24.2.381-404.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 24 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paralogania klubovi Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa 2002, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="395" masterDocId="FFC3731CFF84E028FFC5A94F9879BC36" masterDocTitle="Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="381" pageNumber="393" updateTime="1699210438067" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
<mods:mods id="A11E2A798A43022411BE40B20DE6A98D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="77CCA662FCAC45C1EF96A95780ADE7B3">
<mods:title id="70144A3EAD614ED2EF66256F7D00707F">Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="94FE963AA90A63C58D3DCCCBDD9CE6F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="313113A96DD720EA6B6608C2C9FAA7D1">
<mods:roleTerm id="F61BB30C8D39D002B84F419644CD8C9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F3CCC739C2DFDAA8877C579749748CC0">Märss, Tiiu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7467B2EA734BFD2C61C4DE48056D78C3">Institute of Geology, Tallinn Technical University, 7 Estonia Avenue, Tallinn 10143 (Estonia) marss @ gi. ee</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB00120EC37C4D81C28CC836ADD51D6F" type="email">marss@gi.ee</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B3C24A2628B206090C0B22E8C7636D9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CC1884FBAD2A54CCE3BA450022F8BDDB">
<mods:roleTerm id="ADA0BFB10A6C947F8D693515AE344492">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="968837A14047A60CF44C3F6DE6C448B8">Karatajūtē-Talimaa, Valentina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="43E5DCBD05AB03A6C12223CF973D9D0E">Institute of Geology of Lithuania, S ˘ evc enkos 13, Vilnius LR 2600 (Lithuania) vtalimaa @ takas. lt Six new and one earlier known thelodont from the Ordovician and Lower Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago are described. Scales of the earliest dated thelodont Stroinolepis maenniki n. gen., n. sp. were obtained from the Strojnaya River section, October Revolution Island, upper Ozernaya and Strojnaya formations, Middle-Upper and Upper Ordovician, correspondingly. Loganellia matura n. sp. was found from the Srednii Island, Golomyannyj Formation, middle Llandovery. Paralogania klubovi n. sp. and Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet. come from the middle (?) Llandovery of Pioneer Island. L. grossi Fredholm, 1990 in the Matusevich River section, Paralogania consimilis n. sp. and Thelodus calvus n. sp. in the Ushakov River section, and Shielia multispinata n. sp., in the Spokojnaya River section, are distributed in the Samojlovich Formation, Wenlock, Lower Silurian of October Revolution Island.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="927CA088473187DEC56C045383C34D2D" type="email">vtalimaa@takas.lt</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1E673F926AA727D0490FC27529DBA962">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2A589BA85DE8339C77EB7D74CCEAB794">
<mods:title id="C8B1557F49734D38F2A8742A27B27A7A">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="75A57C219BE23431C43F225AF12F58F2">
<mods:date id="B2115C53855832CF35BEBDB95149BC19">2002</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4EE578582EE1FD4FDFE0296BD21D48CE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F660C247BF4AF96F35A1D0634C2EEE97">24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8E6BDDEEC636707AF5C5C8F53711BCA1" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7814B79272E6E3938CF3B42052EB2EC1">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2BDEAD4AE93531D8110958742D162708">381</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CFEB65FF537D1106C144614C5899734F">404</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="81479CA236B984665677AD90E38FA379">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="47900EC6A649D6F9F3A567B054E56C7A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5374745</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69E2CB1E0C21AB03A96786B73EAF5AA1" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1271C83D9DD8147AF1D4DCC7AA46683B" type="Zenodo-Dep">5374745</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FA0B64FF88E027FECAA8C49A1DB935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA0B64FF88E027FECAA8C49A1DB935" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA0B64FF88E027FECAA8C49A1DB935" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E024FECAA8C499A5BDF5" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FECAA8C499A5BDF5" blockId="12.[271,564,395,451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF88E024FECAA8C4998ABD95" authority="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, 2002" authorityName="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa" authorityYear="2002" box="[271,499,395,419]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klubovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FECAA8C4998ABD95" bold="true" box="[271,499,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Paralogania klubovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214DB1BFF88E024FE3CA8C39A4DBD95" box="[505,564,396,419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FEA8A8E499ADBDF5" box="[365,468,427,451]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,162,952,969]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetBox-1="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,677,176,910]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId-1="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetId-2="figure-537@15.[151,680,218,916]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" captionText-1="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 10. — Paralogania klubovi n. sp., microstructure of the scales; A, head scale, LIG 35-086; B, trunk scale, LIG 35-087; the scales were drawn in anise oil; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Abbreviations: b, base; cr, crown; dt, dentine tubules; odt, openings of dentine tubules; mpc, main pulp canal. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374765" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5374765/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Figs 8-10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E024FF52A8AA9AF1BDCD" box="[151,648,484,507]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52A8AA9AF1BDCD" blockId="12.[151,685,484,1316]" box="[151,648,484,507]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF88E024FF52A8AA997CBDCC" box="[151,261,485,506]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. — LIG 35-834, trunk scale (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FDEBA8AA9A05BDCD" box="[558,636,485,507]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E024FF52AB429A00BE60" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52AB429A00BE60" blockId="12.[151,685,484,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
ETYMOLOGY. — In honour of Dr. B. A. Klubov (
<collectingRegion id="49977490FF88E024FF5BAB699970BE0A" box="[158,265,550,572]" country="Russia" name="Magadan" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Magadan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F344FAE2FF88E024FEDDAB69991EBE0A" box="[280,359,550,572]" name="Russia" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Russia</collectingCountry>
), researcher of Silurian and Devonian deposits of the Pioneer Island in 1976.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E024FF52AB269A73BF51" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52AB269AE4BE48" blockId="12.[151,685,484,1316]" box="[151,669,616,638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 32 scales from one sample.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52ABDE990FBEEF" blockId="12.[151,685,484,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<collectionCode id="ED4222B7FF88E024FF52ABDE99A2BE90" box="[151,475,657,678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">TYPE LOCALITY AND HORIZON</collectionCode>
. — Pioneer Island, Member 2, bed 1, sample 2zh, Lower Silurian, middle(?) Llandovery.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52ABA39A73BF51" blockId="12.[151,685,484,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
OCCURRENCE. — A single sample 2zh from the Pioneer Island (Member 2, bed 1, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2C783FF88E024FDE6AA4A98B0BF03" author="KLUBOV B. A. &amp; KACHANOV E. I. &amp; TALIMAA V. N." pageId="12" pageNumber="393" pagination="50 - 56" refId="ref11239" refString="KLUBOV B. A., KACHANOV E. I. &amp; KARATAJUTE- TALIMAA V. N. 1980. - Stratigrafiya silura i devona ostrova Pioneer (Severnaya Zemlya) [= Stratigraphy of Silurian and Devonian of Pioneer Island (Severnaya Zemlya)]. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Geological Series 11: 50 - 56 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1980">
Klubov
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FDBDAA499AD4BF2C" box="[632,685,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">et al.</emphasis>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
). Based on revised biostratigraphy of conodonts from this member by P. Männik, this level is dated as middle(?) Llandovery, Early Silurian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E024FF52AA3598B6B912" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52AA3598B6B912" blockId="12.[151,685,484,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
DIAGNOSIS. — Scales very small (
<quantity id="4CAB1797FF88E024FDC3AA369AD8BFB9" box="[518,673,889,911]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.3">0.30-0.45 mm</quantity>
). Head scales low, flat, with deeply crenulated margins around the crown. Transitional scales elongated with low base occurring as a narrow weak wall around the large, shallow pulp depression. Short medial crown area developed only anteriorly. Trunk scales with narrow and deeply furrowed, or with wide and shallow medial area. Wider lateral crown areas not developed in all trunk scales. Lateral spinelets (two to three) situated anteriorly, and may occur as flat widened to flat short areas. Base low, anteriorwardly more convex. Numerous openings of dentine canals situated on the surface of pulp depression of the head and transitional scales. Short pulp canal developed only in trunk scales. Dentine canals comparatively long, branching at several levels with widened proximal parts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E024FF52AC059BDFBEF5" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52AC059951B954" blockId="12.[151,684,1354,1667]" box="[151,296,1354,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52AC249968B9B3" blockId="12.[151,684,1354,1667]" box="[151,273,1387,1413]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FF52AC249968B9B3" box="[151,273,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Morphology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52ACC399AEBA15" blockId="12.[151,684,1354,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
Very restricted, insufficient material does not allow a complete morphological description of a set of scales. Nevertheless, the basic morphological
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF88E024FF06ACA39979BA32" box="[195,256,1516,1540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">types</typeStatus>
, head, transitional and trunk scales are represented in the collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FF52AF649C09BD55" blockId="12.[151,684,1354,1667]" lastBlockId="12.[714,1248,171,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
Head scales (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FEECAF6499DDBA75" box="[297,420,1579,1603]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Figs 8A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FE74AF64998ABA75" box="[433,499,1579,1603]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">9A, B</figureCitation>
) have a low and flat shape which is characteristic for early loganiids. The crown surface is smooth. The crown margins are rounded and deeply crenulated, the cuts being wide. The distal crown area is distinct in more elongated scales (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FBBDA9A49CABBD35" box="[1144,1234,235,259]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). The base is low and smaller than the crown (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FD16A8649B29BD75" box="[723,848,299,323]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
), with its central part of the base containing openings of dentine canals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FD0FA8249CF8BEB5" blockId="12.[714,1248,171,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
A single scale, figured in
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FC17A8249C5ABDB5" box="[978,1059,363,387]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
, is ascribed to the transitional scale
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF88E024FC45A8C39BCABD92" box="[896,947,396,420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">type</typeStatus>
. Its crown surface is flat and smooth. The short medial area is distinct anteriorly, and laterally the cuts are not as deep as in head scales. The distal part is monolithic with a tapered posterior point. The base is low and in the form of a narrow wall seen along all the perimeter. The pulp depression is shallow and very large; dentine canal openings are placed evenly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FD0FABC49BDFBEF5" blockId="12.[714,1248,171,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Several morphological varieties are observed among trunk scales.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349E9F9FF88E027FD0FAB849A1DB935" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FD0FAB849B66B8B5" blockId="12.[714,1248,171,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FD0FAB849B53BED5" bold="true" box="[714,810,715,739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Type A.</emphasis>
The crown is composed of a narrow central (medial) area, and of one pair of lateral ones (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FCCEAA449B33BF15" box="[779,842,779,803]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
D-E). The central area is higher than the remaining crown surface and separated from lateral areas by deep longitudinal grooves. A comparatively deep groove (or furrow) is situated at the proximal part of the central area only (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FD17AAE49B5FBFF5" box="[722,806,939,963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
) or is extended over its length (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FB45AAE49CAABFF5" box="[1152,1235,939,963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). Wing-like lateral ribs, two to three on each crown side, correspond to the lateral thornlets of trunk scales of
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FC5DAD449C5FB815" box="[920,1062,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF88E024FC5DAD449C5BB815" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1997" box="[920,1058,1035,1059]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paralogania</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The base is low and flat, with openings of dentine canals (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FD16AD049B4DB855" box="[723,820,1099,1123]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
); it can also be anteriorly slightly convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FD0FADC49BEDB975" blockId="12.[714,1248,171,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FD0FADC49B5DB895" bold="true" box="[714,804,1163,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Type B.</emphasis>
Elongated scales with a rather narrow, elevated central area that tapers posteriorly. A shallow furrow is situated along the central area (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FD17ADA49B52B935" box="[722,811,1259,1283]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Figs 8F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FCFCADA49B1EB935" box="[825,871,1259,1283]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">9 D</figureCitation>
). Lateral crown areas repeat the outline of the central one. They form lateral rib, one on both sides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF88E024FD0FAC049B0EBAB5" blockId="12.[714,1248,171,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FD0FAC049B56B955" bold="true" box="[714,815,1355,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Type C.</emphasis>
Mostly typical for trunk scales of
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF88E024FD0FAC249B36B9B5" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1997" box="[714,847,1387,1411]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF88E024FD0FAC249B36B9B5" box="[714,847,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Paralogania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF88E024FC98AC249BCAB9B5" box="[861,947,1387,1411]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
, selected for the
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF88E024FBA9AC249CADB9B5" box="[1132,1236,1387,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). It illustrates the early stage of formation of rows of thornlets, characteristic for this genus. The crown is composed of an elongated rhomboidal central area and one pair of lateral ribs. The proximal part of the lateral ribs is divided into two thornlets, i.e. the disintegration of a complete lateral rib into a row of separate thornlets has taken place.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2CEAFAFF89E025FF52AF509A66BAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="394" startId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" targetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF89E025FF52AF509A66BAB3" blockId="13.[151,1248,1567,1669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">
FIG. 8. —
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FF2CAF50997ABA06" bold="true" box="[233,259,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">A -I</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF89E025FECBAF5099D6BA06" authority="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, 2002" authorityName="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa" authorityYear="2002" box="[270,431,1567,1584]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klubovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FECBAF5099D6BA06" box="[270,431,1567,1584]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">Paralogania klubovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214DB1BFF89E025FE70AF509991BA06" box="[437,488,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FE35AF509984BA06" bold="true" box="[496,509,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FDCDAF509A6CBA06" bold="true" box="[520,533,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">B</emphasis>
, head scales;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FD4AAF509AE4BA06" bold="true" box="[655,669,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">C</emphasis>
, transitional scale;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FC85AF509B22BA06" bold="true" box="[832,859,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">D -I</emphasis>
, trunk scales;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FC12AF509B9DBA06" bold="true" box="[983,996,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FC2AAF509B85BA06" bold="true" box="[1007,1020,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FBC2AF509C5EBA06" bold="true" box="[1031,1063,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">D -F</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FBF7AF509C39BA06" bold="true" box="[1074,1088,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">H</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FB8EAF509C28BA06" bold="true" box="[1099,1105,1567,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">I</emphasis>
, scales in crown view;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FF0DAF7B98AFBA73" bold="true" box="[200,214,1588,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">C</emphasis>
, a scale in base view;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FE59AF7B99D3BA73" bold="true" box="[412,426,1588,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">G</emphasis>
, a scale (holotype) in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FD17AF7B9AA6BA73" bold="true" box="[722,735,1588,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">A</emphasis>
, LIG 35-085;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FC92AF7B9B1DBA73" bold="true" box="[855,868,1588,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">B</emphasis>
, LIG 35-086;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FC1EAF7B9B90BA73" bold="true" box="[987,1001,1588,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">C</emphasis>
, LIG 35-832;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FBA5AF7B9C17BA73" bold="true" box="[1120,1134,1588,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">D</emphasis>
, LIG 35-087;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FF52AF0698DABA6C" bold="true" box="[151,163,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">E</emphasis>
, LIG 35-833;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FEDDAF06995ABA6C" bold="true" box="[280,291,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">F</emphasis>
, LIG 35-088;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FE5DAF0699DFBA6C" bold="true" box="[408,422,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">G</emphasis>
, LIG 35-834;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FDD9AF069A53BA6C" bold="true" box="[540,554,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">H</emphasis>
, LIG 35-835;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FD5AAF069ADCBA6C" bold="true" box="[671,677,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">I</emphasis>
, LIG 35-836;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FCDCAF069B4FBA6C" bold="true" box="[793,822,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">J -L</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF89E025FC84AF069BD6BA6C" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1997" box="[833,943,1609,1626]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loganelliidae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet.;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FB8AAF069C20BA6C" bold="true" box="[1103,1113,1609,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">J</emphasis>
, scale in crown view;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FF03AF1098AABA46" bold="true" box="[198,211,1631,1648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">K</emphasis>
, posterior part of the same scale;
<emphasis id="B9276660FF89E025FE2AAF109983BA46" bold="true" box="[495,506,1631,1648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="394">L</emphasis>
, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF8AE026FF52A9E49921BD55" blockId="14.[151,684,171,483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FF52A9E4988ABCF5" bold="true" box="[151,243,171,195]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Type D.</emphasis>
It represents a morphological variety of scales which is almost entirely composed of rhomboidal and elongated central areas. The lateral areas are very narrow (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FE15A8449A51BD15" box="[464,552,267,291]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
) or are not developed at all (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FEADA86499C5BD75" box="[360,444,299,323]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
). The lateral crown walls are smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF8AE026FF52A8249989BDD5" blockId="14.[151,684,171,483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">
Scales of C and D
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF8AE026FEA5A82399E2BDB2" box="[352,411,364,388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">types</typeStatus>
have bases that are comparatively high and more convex anteriorly. The pulp canal starts from the depression in the distal corner of the base (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FE49A884999DBDD5" box="[396,484,459,483]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF8AE026FF52AB44988FBE13" blockId="14.[151,685,523,1091]" box="[151,246,523,549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FF52AB44988FBE13" box="[151,246,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Histology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF8AE026FF52AB6498AFB875" blockId="14.[151,685,523,1091]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">
The microstructure of the scales was successfully observed in anise oil. No thin section was made because of insufficient material.
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FD99AB249AD4BEB5" box="[604,685,619,643]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,162,952,969]" captionTargetBox="[159,677,176,910]" captionTargetId="figure-537@15.[151,680,218,916]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. — Paralogania klubovi n. sp., microstructure of the scales; A, head scale, LIG 35-086; B, trunk scale, LIG 35-087; the scales were drawn in anise oil; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Abbreviations: b, base; cr, crown; dt, dentine tubules; odt, openings of dentine tubules; mpc, main pulp canal. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374765/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
shows the arrangement and shape of dentine canals in the head scales (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FE04ABE49A51BEF5" box="[449,552,683,707]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,162,952,969]" captionTargetBox="[159,677,176,910]" captionTargetId="figure-537@15.[151,680,218,916]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. — Paralogania klubovi n. sp., microstructure of the scales; A, head scale, LIG 35-086; B, trunk scale, LIG 35-087; the scales were drawn in anise oil; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Abbreviations: b, base; cr, crown; dt, dentine tubules; odt, openings of dentine tubules; mpc, main pulp canal. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374765/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
) and trunk scales (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FF20AB84993EBED5" box="[229,327,715,739]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,162,952,969]" captionTargetBox="[159,677,176,910]" captionTargetId="figure-537@15.[151,680,218,916]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. — Paralogania klubovi n. sp., microstructure of the scales; A, head scale, LIG 35-086; B, trunk scale, LIG 35-087; the scales were drawn in anise oil; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Abbreviations: b, base; cr, crown; dt, dentine tubules; odt, openings of dentine tubules; mpc, main pulp canal. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374765/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). The proximal part of the dentine canals is rather wide; that is why their openings on the surface of the pulp depression are easily seen even at low magnification. The dentine canals are comparatively long (at least in lateral crown parts), and branch at several levels. The trunk scales of the
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF8AE026FE77AAC3999FBF92" box="[434,486,908,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">type</typeStatus>
A (
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FDD1AAC49A0CBF95" box="[532,629,907,931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,162,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-25@13.[172,1228,170,1512]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374761/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Figs 8D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1368A6F7FF8AE026FD46AAC49ADDBF95" box="[643,676,907,931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[724,1221,248,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-307@14.[714,1225,240,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. — A-D, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales in base view (see Fig. 8A, B); C, trunk scale of type A in base view (see Fig. 8D); D, trunk scale of type B in base view (see Fig. 8F); A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-087; D, LIG 35-088; E, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; scale in base view (see Fig. 8J, K), LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374763/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">9B</figureCitation>
) have short pulp canal in its initial stage of development only. Trunk scales with more elongated distal part of the central crown area (
<typeStatus id="54E804D0FF8AE026FDF1AAA49A09B835" box="[564,624,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">types</typeStatus>
B, C and D) have more distinctly developed pulp canal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF8AE026FF52AD24995FB8B4" blockId="14.[151,684,1131,1443]" box="[151,294,1131,1157]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">COMPARISON</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECBA72FF8AE027FF52ADC39A1DB935" blockId="14.[151,684,1131,1443]" lastBlockId="15.[151,684,1131,1283]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">
By the presence of a single pair of lateral ribs (wing-like lateral ledges or thornlets),
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF8AE026FD92ADE49943B8D5" authority="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, 2002" authorityName="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa" authorityYear="2002" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klubovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FD92ADE49943B8D5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">Paralogania klubovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214DB1BFF8AE026FE87AD8399FBB8D5" box="[322,386,1228,1251]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be attributed to the
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF8AE026FF52ADA3998DB935" authority="(Gross, 1967)" baseAuthorityName="Gross" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[151,500,1259,1283]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kummerowi">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FF52ADA3993FB935" box="[151,326,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">P. kummerowi</emphasis>
(Gross, 1967)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FE30ADA39987B935" box="[501,510,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">-</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF8AE026FE38ADA39941B915" authority="(Gross, 1967)" baseAuthorityName="Gross" baseAuthorityYear="1967" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinssoni">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FE38ADA39AD5B935" box="[509,684,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">P. martinssoni</emphasis>
(Gross, 1967)
</taxonomicName>
group (see Karatajūtē- Talimaa 1997: fig.
<quantity id="4CAB1797FF8AE026FEC7AC649966B975" box="[258,287,1323,1347]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
). The head and transitional scales of
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF8AE026FF52AC039972B955" authority="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, 2002" authorityName="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,267,1355,1379]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klubovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8AE026FF52AC039972B955" box="[151,267,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="395">P. klubovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214DB1BFF8AE026FED6AC039929B955" box="[275,336,1356,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differ from the representatives of the group in their characteristic crown shape and presence of comparatively large openings of dentine canals. Partial disintegration of complete lateral rib into separate thornlets is observed in trunk scales of
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF8BE027FE20ADE39A18B8F5" authority="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, 2002" authorityName="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa" authorityYear="2002" box="[485,609,1195,1219]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klubovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8BE027FE20ADE39A18B8F5" box="[485,609,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="396">P. klubovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214DB1BFF8BE027FDAEADE39AD5B8F5" box="[619,684,1196,1219]" pageId="15" pageNumber="396" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
only. In scale size,
<taxonomicName id="4C53C1F1FF8BE027FEB0AD839994B8D5" authority="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa, 2002" authorityName="Märss &amp; Karatajūtē-Talimaa" authorityYear="2002" box="[373,493,1227,1251]" class="Pteraspidomorphi" family="Loganelliidae" genus="Paralogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phlebolepidiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klubovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9276660FF8BE027FEB0AD839994B8D5" box="[373,493,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="396">P. klubovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214DB1BFF8BE027FE30AD839A4AB8D5" box="[501,563,1228,1251]" pageId="15" pageNumber="396" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles other early species of loganiid thelodonts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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