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<document id="0CEEF0E4B71F947EA94764FC474D6AE5" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445358" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630458879514" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Biju, S. D. &amp; Bossuyt, Franky" docDate="2009" docId="03F5945FFF951E00FCBCFE33FE08C7CE" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Philautus travancoricus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="438" masterDocId="FFCCEC27FFAB1E41FFE9FFFDFF8CC65A" masterDocTitle="Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="436" updateTime="1699278541911" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="39A0AE59126542BC2085CC8D1BBA284A">Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B796846D6B12376A6D0E96400A52E5B4">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD0C32CDED60AAE107A6A01078BAB877">Bossuyt, Franky</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A4D40296319EC9945A88259C853AB9A4">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1624F5C74220C8A9F13AC9DBD812283C">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="38812E9426E856CBD227F4BFE888F792">2009-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D01BB118C09B850170C6F2D1117FF40F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="84136A8D6DD9D1DB2265C04D1532325D" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8E9EEEF243F50813EEBE4DC06E800C9A" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5945FFF951E00FCBCFE33FE08C7CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF951E00FCBCFE33FE08C7CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5945FFF951E00FCBCFE33FE08C7CE" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FF951E7FFCBCFE33FA0AC7B9" box="[853,1414,461,483]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7FFCBCFE33FA0AC7B9" blockId="62.[853,1414,461,483]" box="[853,1414,461,483]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<heading id="D0AB9225FF951E7FFCBCFE33FA0AC7B9" box="[853,1414,461,483]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF951E7FFCBCFE33FA0AC7B9" ID-CoL="6V9Z2" authority="(BOULENGER, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[853,1414,461,483]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFCBCFE33FB14C7BB" box="[853,1176,462,483]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">PHILAUTUS TRAVANCORICUS</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF951E7FFB43FE30FAF2C7B9" author="Boulenger GA" box="[1194,1406,461,483]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" pagination="450" refId="ref43154" refString="Boulenger GA. 1891. Description of a new species of frog obtained by Mr. H. S. Ferguson in Travancore, South India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 6: 450." type="journal article" year="1891">BOULENGER, 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FF951E01FC75FE09FF65C57B" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7FFC75FE09FAB3C450" blockId="62.[924,1343,499,522]" box="[924,1343,499,522]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
(
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFC4DFE09FC7CC453" box="[932,1008,500,521]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[164,243,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[167,1442,195,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-103@6.[164,1444,193,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogram (GTR + G + I; –Ln L = 14 763.97) for the mitochondrial DNA data set of 1488 bp of 34 taxa of Western Ghats Philautus and five outgroup species. Numbers above branches indicate nonparametric bootstrap values under maximum parsimony (MP). Numbers below branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. *Values of less than 50." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445362/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFC16FE0EFBBCC453" box="[1023,1072,499,521]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">59B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFBD6FE0EFBFCC453" box="[1087,1136,499,521]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-546@62.[830,1438,981,1765]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 60. A, holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B, Philautus luteolus (SDB 2567), lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">60A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFB97FE0EFB10C453" box="[1150,1180,499,521]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFB42FE0EFB46C453" box="[1195,1226,499,521]" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="63.[144,223,1076,1095]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,647,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-625@63.[148,757,647,1046]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 62. Philautus travancoricus: specimen (BNHS 4546) from Vandiperiyar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445488/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">62</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF951E7FFB30FE09FABBC450" box="[1241,1335,500,522]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7FFCD3FDE7FAAAC437" blockId="62.[826,1441,538,621]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF951E7FFCD3FDE7FAAAC437" collectionCode="BMNH, SVL" country="India" location="Bodanaikanur'" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFCD3FDE7FC28C475" box="[826,932,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF951E7FFCD3FDE7FC12C475" box="[826,926,538,559]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF951E7FFC45FDE6FBDEC46A" box="[940,1106,538,560]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.6.20 (ex
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFF951E7FFB5EFDE6FA85C46A" box="[1207,1289,539,560]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">BMNH</collectionCode>
1891.7.2.15), an adult female,
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFF951E7FFBEDFDC4FBBAC414" box="[1028,1078,569,590]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF951E7FFBD6FDC4FB28C414" box="[1087,1188,569,590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="29.8">29.8 mm</quantity>
, from ‘
<location id="8E837392FF951E7FFB1FFDC4FA2DC415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF951E00FCBCFE33FE08C7CE:8E837392FF951E7FFB1FFDC4FA2DC415" box="[1270,1441,569,591]" country="India" name="Bodanaikanur'" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Bodanaikanur’</location>
(i.e. Bodinayakkanur),
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF951E7FFBAFFDAAFB5FC437" box="[1094,1235,599,621]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B65D9FF951E7FFB0BFDAAFAAEC437" box="[1250,1314,599,621]" name="India" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">India</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7FFCD3FD6AFB7EC4B0" blockId="62.[826,1441,663,746]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFCD3FD6AFBC0C4F6" box="[826,1100,663,684]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Other material studied:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF951E7FFBBEFD6AFB69C4F7" box="[1111,1253,663,685]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="BNHS 4546" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF951E7FFBBEFD6AFB69C4F7" box="[1111,1253,663,685]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">BNHS 4546</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, an adult male, from Vandiperiyar;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF951E7FFBCBFD4BFB68C496" box="[1058,1252,694,716]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="BNHS 4547" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF951E7FFBCBFD4BFB22C496" box="[1058,1198,694,716]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">BNHS 4547</specimenCode>
and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF951E7FFB06FD4BFCFAC4B0" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="SDB 4592" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF951E7FFB06FD4BFAE5C496" box="[1263,1385,694,716]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">SDB 4592</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF951E7FFA91FD4BFCFAC4B0" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
males, from Vagaman (
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF951E7FFB66FD29FB69C4B0" box="[1167,1253,724,746]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7FFCD3FCE9FEA9C398" blockId="62.[826,1441,788,932]" lastBlockId="62.[164,779,1024,1474]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFCD3FCE9FB4FC570" box="[826,1219,788,810]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
Identity:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF951E7FFC40FCE9FB4FC570" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[937,1219,788,810]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">Philautus travancoricus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF951E7FFB3BFCE9FEADC398" collectionCode="BNHS" collectorName="H. S. Ferguson" location="Tamil Nadu" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="BNHS 4495" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="neotype">
was described as I
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFCADFCCEFC0DC512" box="[836,897,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">xalus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF951E7FFC7AFCCEFA8EC512" authority="Boulenger, 1891" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[915,1282,819,841]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFC7AFCCEFBA2C512" box="[915,1070,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">travancoricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF951E7FFBD6FCCEFA8EC512" author="Boulenger GA" box="[1087,1282,819,841]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" pagination="450" refId="ref43154" refString="Boulenger GA. 1891. Description of a new species of frog obtained by Mr. H. S. Ferguson in Travancore, South India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 6: 450." type="journal article" year="1891">Boulenger, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on a single female specimen (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFB8AFCACFB48C53D" box="[1123,1220,849,871]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-546@62.[830,1438,981,1765]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 60. A, holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B, Philautus luteolus (SDB 2567), lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Fig. 60A</figureCitation>
) collected by
<collectorName id="26A9409FFF951E7FFA86FCACFC29C5DF" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">H.S. Ferguson</collectorName>
from Bodinayakkanur,
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF951E7FFB5FFC8DFACCC5DC" box="[1206,1344,880,902]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, close to the
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF951E7FFC87FC73FC30C5FE" box="[878,956,910,932]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Kerala</collectingRegion>
border. We rediscovered
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF951E7FFB1EFC72FAEAC5FE" box="[1271,1382,910,932]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
frog
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFF4DFBFCFE98C24C" box="[164,276,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Variation:</emphasis>
Measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF951E7FFE1DFBFDFD19C24C" box="[500,661,1024,1046]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
including the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF951E7FFF3FFBE2FEA3C26E" box="[214,303,1055,1076]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
are given in
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF951E7FFE37FBE2FDBFC26E" box="[478,563,1055,1077]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Table 2</tableCitation>
. This species has a relatively constant dorsal coloration, with only a slight degree of variation.
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF951E7FFE3BFBA1FDD6C228" box="[466,602,1116,1138]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">BNHS 4495</specimenCode>
(typical coloration), dorsum grey–brown; iris dark-blackish brown, without markings; lateral side grey with irregular brownish black patches, either side of snout including loreal and tympanic regions light grey with darkbrownish black markings, limbs light brownish with light cross bands, flanks and groins dark brownish black, anterior and posterior side of thighs, posterior surface of shanks dark brownish black in life, turns to black in preservation, first two fingers distinctively yellow (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFF12FA73FEC0C3FE" box="[251,332,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="60.[826,905,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1439,1440,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-683@60.[830,1439,1440,1824]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Figure 58. Philautus tinniens: specimen (BNHS 4495) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445478/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
); ventral side light-whitish yellow with dark spots
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7EFF4DFA17FDC6C061" blockId="62.[164,779,1514,1903]" lastBlockId="63.[144,759,1175,1595]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFF4DFA17FDBEC3A5" box="[164,562,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
Nilgiri Hills and surroundings: Avalanche, Coonoor, Kothagiri, Naduvattam, Parsons Valley, and Udhagamandalam (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF951E7FFF45F9B8FE82C001" box="[172,270,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Fig. 59A</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF951E7FFEF2F9B8FEE1C006" box="[283,365,1605,1628]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Collection localities that are discussed in the text. Localities are arranged by state" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Table 1</tableCitation>
). All individuals were observed and collected either from the ground or from a maximum height of
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF951E7FFEFAF97FFEDEC0C2" box="[275,338,1666,1688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
in shrubs (Avalanche). This frog even calls during the daytime, mainly from earthen bank or grasslands. Breeding was observed at Avalanche. Amplexus was axillary and
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF951E7FFD9BF923FD46C0AE" box="[626,714,1758,1780]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" type="egg">41 eggs</specimenCount>
were laid in a hole in an earthen cutting. The eggs were non-pigmented white and were protected by a dense jelly layer. Eggs were large and measured 4.3 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF951E7FFF4DF8A4FF75C134" box="[164,249,1881,1903]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFEF9F8A4FEA8C134" box="[272,292,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">N</emphasis>
= 41) in diameter. The eggs underwent after a gap of more than a century from Vandiperiyar, about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF941E7EFF33FB4BFEACC296" box="[218,288,1206,1228]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
north-west of the type locality in 2004, and later in 2006 located
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF941E7EFE2DFB28FDB6C2B0" box="[452,570,1236,1258]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
from Vagaman, about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF941E7EFF32FB0EFEADC353" box="[219,289,1267,1289]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
north of Vandiperiyar. Morphologically, our collection matches well with the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF941E7EFDBDFAECFD39C37D" box="[596,693,1297,1319]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFD0BFAEFFEA7C31C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFD0BFAEFFEA7C31C" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">P. travancoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an oval snout, distinct lines on the dorsum, and a dark-brown streak on each side of the snout (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFED8FA90FE0EC3D9" box="[305,386,1389,1411]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
). The type locality is also close to the present collection area. However, many of the characters cannot be obtained from the type because of its extremely dehydrated condition, although the colour pattern is clearly visible, especially the dark streak on each side of the snout running up to the level of the tympanum (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFE43F9D8FD9EC061" box="[426,530,1573,1595]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-546@62.[830,1438,981,1765]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 60. A, holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B, Philautus luteolus (SDB 2567), lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Figs 60A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFDC9F9D8FDB2C061" box="[544,574,1573,1595]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">61</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2375C1FF951E7FFCD3F8FEFCF0C134" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" startId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" targetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF951E7FFCD3F8FEFCF0C134" blockId="62.[826,1442,1795,1902]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFCD3F8FEFC3CC14C" bold="true" box="[826,944,1795,1814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Figure 60.</emphasis>
A, holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF951E7FFB78F8FEFA2DC14F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[1169,1441,1795,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFB78F8FEFA2DC14F" box="[1169,1441,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Philautus travancoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF951E7FFAD3F8DDFB90C10A" authority="(SDB 2567)" baseAuthorityName="SDB" baseAuthorityYear="2567" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteolus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF951E7FFAD3F8DDFC00C10A" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="436">Philautus luteolus</emphasis>
(SDB 2567)
</taxonomicName>
, lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2375C1FF941E7EFF79FDD8FD8BC40C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" startId="63.[144,223,549,568]" targetBox="[148,757,196,519]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFF79FDD8FD8BC40C" blockId="63.[144,759,549,598]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFF79FDD8FE89C462" bold="true" box="[144,261,549,568]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Figure 61.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFE70FDDBFD14C462" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[409,664,550,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFE70FDDBFD14C462" box="[409,664,550,569]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Philautus travancoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2375C1FF941E7EFF79FBC9FE17C23E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445488/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" startId="63.[144,223,1076,1095]" targetBox="[148,757,647,1046]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFF79FBC9FE17C23E" blockId="63.[144,758,1076,1124]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFF79FBC9FE89C21D" bold="true" box="[144,261,1076,1095]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Figure 62.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFEF8FBC9FD96C21C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[273,538,1076,1095]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFEF8FBC9FD96C21C" box="[273,538,1076,1095]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Philautus travancoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: specimen (BNHS 4546) from Vandiperiyar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFF79F998FDB5C135" blockId="63.[144,759,1636,1903]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFF79F998FDB9C020" box="[144,565,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFEF0F999FDB9C020" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[281,565,1636,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">Philautus travancoricus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small adult size, male SVL 23.5 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF941E7EFF35F93DFEBFC08F" box="[220,307,1728,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFED6F93DFEDFC08F" box="[319,339,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 3; female SVL
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF941E7EFDFCF93DFDF6C08F" box="[533,634,1728,1749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="29.8">29.8 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFD6CF93DFD15C08F" box="[645,665,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 1); (2) snout oval in dorsal view; (3) loreal and tympanic regions light brown with a prominent streak on each side of the snout, from the extreme tip of the snout to the lower level of the supratympanic fold (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFD63F8C7FD7EC10A" box="[650,754,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Figs 59B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFF79F8A4FF33C135" box="[144,191,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-546@62.[830,1438,981,1765]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 60. A, holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B, Philautus luteolus (SDB 2567), lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">60A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFF24F8A4FF66C135" box="[205,234,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFF10F8A4FE9BC135" box="[249,279,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="63.[144,223,1076,1095]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,647,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-625@63.[148,757,647,1046]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 62. Philautus travancoricus: specimen (BNHS 4546) from Vandiperiyar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445488/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">62</figureCitation>
); (4) nuptial pad absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCD6FF3BFB71C6A0" blockId="63.[806,1421,198,250]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFCD6FF3BFBDEC681" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[831,1106,198,219]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFCD6FF3BFBDEC681" box="[831,1106,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Philautus travancoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFAD8FF3AFCC4C6A3" baseAuthorityName="SDB" baseAuthorityYear="2567" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteolus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFAD8FF3AFCC4C6A3" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">P. luteolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF941E7EFC61FF18FC73C6A3" baseAuthorityName="SDB" baseAuthorityYear="2567" box="[904,1023,228,250]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteolus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFC61FF18FC73C6A3" box="[904,1023,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">P. luteolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the ‘comparison’).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCCFFEDFFC17C4D2" blockId="63.[806,1421,290,1168]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFCCFFEDFFA01C76D" box="[806,1421,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF941E7EFC1FFEDFFBD8C76D" box="[1014,1108,290,311]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(all measurements in mm):
</emphasis>
Medium frog (SVL 29.8) with slender body (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFAC6FEBDFA0CC70C" box="[1327,1408,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
); head longer (HL 12.3) than wide (HW 10.3; MN 9.9; MFE 7.5; MBE 4.4); outline of snout in dorsal view oval, slightly protruding, snout length (SL 4.1) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 3.3) (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFAF7FE46FA0EC78B" box="[1310,1410,443,465]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-546@62.[830,1438,981,1765]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 60. A, holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B, Philautus luteolus (SDB 2567), lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Fig. 60A</figureCitation>
); canthus rostralis indistinct, loreal region acutely concave; distance between anterior margins of eyes (IFE 5.1) 1.5 times the distance between posterior margins of eyes (IBE 7.9); tympanum indistinct; tongue without lingual papilla; supratympanic fold indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCD6FD6CFC12C57B" blockId="63.[806,1421,290,1168]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Forelimb (FLL 6.8) shorter than hand (HAL 7.3; TFL 4.0); fingers without lateral dermal fringe; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded, single, IV2 weakly developed; supernumerary tubercles weakly developed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCD6FCD7FBE3C583" blockId="63.[806,1421,290,1168]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Hindlimbs moderately long, shank (ShL 13.7) almost equal to thigh (TL 13.6), longer than distance from base of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL 11.0); distance from heel to tip of toe IV (TFOL 18.1); webbing reduced; subarticular tubercles rather prominent, rounded, simple.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCD6FC1CFA01C2CA" blockId="63.[806,1421,290,1168]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Skin of snout, between eyes, upper eyelids, side of head, and anterior and posterior parts of back shagreened, upper and lower parts of flank shagreened to sparsely granular, dorsal part of forelimb and hindlimb shagreened; throat shagreened, chest, belly and posterior surface of thighs granular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCCFFB45FBD3C3BB" blockId="63.[806,1421,1208,1505]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFCCFFB45FB8EC297" box="[806,1026,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
Colour of
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF941E7EFC74FB45FC70C297" box="[925,1020,1208,1229]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
In preservation: dorsum uniform greyish brown with three brownish longitudinal lines, one from snout to near the vent, and the other two on either side from just behind the eye to near the vent (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFCC7FACFFCF2C312" box="[814,894,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
), numerous dark-brown spots throughout the dorsum and both limbs; loreal and tympanic regions slightly darker than dorsal colour, a dark prominent streak on each side of snout from the tip of the snout up to the lower level of the tympanum (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFB06FA51FADAC398" box="[1263,1366,1452,1474]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="62.[826,905,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[838,1435,984,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-546@62.[830,1438,981,1765]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 60. A, holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20), lateral view of head; B, Philautus luteolus (SDB 2567), lateral view of head. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445484/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Figs 60A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFA8AFA51FA0CC398" box="[1379,1408,1452,1474]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="63.[144,223,549,568]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetId="figure-614@63.[148,757,196,519]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 61. Holotype of Philautus travancoricus (BMNH 1947.2.6.20) from Bodinayakkanur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445486/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">61</figureCitation>
); ventral side greyish white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF941E7EFCCFF9F4FB00C135" blockId="63.[806,1421,1544,1903]" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF941E7EFCCFF9F4FC1BC044" box="[806,919,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Variation:</emphasis>
BNHS 4546, light-greyish red with prominent brown broad lines alternating with thin faint lines on dorsum (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFC15F9B8FBC1C001" box="[1020,1101,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="63.[144,223,1076,1095]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,647,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-625@63.[148,757,647,1046]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 62. Philautus travancoricus: specimen (BNHS 4546) from Vandiperiyar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445488/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
), lateral side light-reddish brown, upper eyelids slightly lighter than the dorsal colour, iris yellowish brown, loreal and tympanic regions light brown with a prominent streak on either side of the snout, from the extreme tip of the snout to the lower level of the supratympanic fold, limbs with dark-brown cross markings; ventral side light-reddish white, without markings. BNHS 4547, dorsum light brown to dark brown in life (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF941E7EFB63F8C7FB61C10A" box="[1162,1261,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="437">Fig. 59B</figureCitation>
), turns lightbrownish grey in preservation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FF4DFF3BFF65C57B" blockId="64.[164,779,198,801]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FF4DFF3BFDBAC681" box="[164,566,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
Bodinayakkanur, Vandiperiyar, and Vagaman (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FDE3FF19FDE0C6A0" box="[522,620,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Fig. 59B</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FFEB1E01FD69FF19FD5EC6A1" box="[640,722,228,251]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Collection localities that are discussed in the text. Localities are arranged by state" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In Vandiperiyar, about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFEB1E01FE7AFEFEFE55C743" box="[403,473,259,281]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
north-west from the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFEB1E01FD30FEF9FC86C743" box="[729,778,260,281]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">type</typeStatus>
locality, a specimen (BNHS 4546) was found under leaf litter during the daytime in secondary vegetation outside of the breeding season (October). In Vagaman, about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFEB1E01FF1DFE83FEB7C7C9" box="[244,315,381,403]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
from Vandiperiyar, specimens BNHS 4547 and SDB 4592 were located during the breeding season (July) from heights of about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFEB1E01FDD4FE46FDE4C78A" box="[573,616,443,464]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
in an isolated shrub surrounded by a tea plantation. This species is extremely rare in these two localities (we located only eleven individuals in two successive nights after a continuous search in the night for around 10 h), compared with the other
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFEB1E01FE38FDA9FD17C430" box="[465,667,596,618]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FE38FDA9FDCDC433" box="[465,577,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Philautus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from the Western Ghats, and its distribution range is also restricted to those two regions. A more extensive field survey is essential to ascertain its range of distribution. The current distribution is restricted to the most disturbed habitat (tea plantation) outside protected areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FFEB1E01FF33FC9DFD01C5E6" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FF33FC9DFDACC5CF" blockId="64.[218,725,864,917]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFEB1E01FF33FC9DFDACC5CF" ID-CoL="4G5LX" authority="KURAMOTO &amp; JOSHY, 2003" authorityName="Kuramoto &amp; Joshy" authorityYear="2003" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberohumerus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FF33FC9DFDA0C529" box="[218,556,864,885]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">PHILAUTUS TUBEROHUMERUS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FFEB1E01FDDFFC9DFDACC5CF" author="Kuramoto M &amp; Joshy SH" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref43982" refString="Kuramoto M, Joshy SH. 2003. Two new species of the genus Philautus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, Southwestern India. Current Herpetology 22: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="2003">KURAMOTO &amp; JOSHY, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FEC8FC5BFD01C5E6" blockId="64.[289,653,934,956]" box="[289,653,934,956]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
(
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FEC0FC5BFEF9C5E1" box="[297,373,934,955]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[164,243,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[167,1442,195,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-103@6.[164,1444,193,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogram (GTR + G + I; –Ln L = 14 763.97) for the mitochondrial DNA data set of 1488 bp of 34 taxa of Western Ghats Philautus and five outgroup species. Numbers above branches indicate nonparametric bootstrap values under maximum parsimony (MP). Numbers below branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. *Values of less than 50." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445362/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FE6DFC5BFE39C5E6" box="[388,437,934,956]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">59C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FE2DFC5BFDFDC5E1" box="[452,625,934,956]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="64.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-560@64.[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Figure 63. Philautus tuberohumerus: A, specimen (BNHS 4499) from Kudremukh; B, specimen (SDB 4512) from Muthanga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445490/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">63A, B; TABLE</figureCitation>
2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FFEB1E00FF4DFC30FE08C7CE" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FF4DFC30FE37C264" blockId="64.[164,779,973,1086]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FF4DFC30FEC5C5B8" box="[164,329,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFEB1E01FEBBFC30FE37C264" collectionCode="SVL, OMNH" county="Kudremukh" location="Am" municipality="Chikamagalur" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="BNHS 4193, SDB 4512" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFEB1E01FEBBFC30FE37C5B9" box="[338,443,973,995]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFEB1E01FE21FC30FDD8C5B8" box="[456,596,973,994]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">BNHS 4193</specimenCode>
, an adult male,
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFEB1E01FF4DFC16FF5AC25A" box="[164,214,1003,1024]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFEB1E01FF05FC16FEDDC25B" box="[236,337,1003,1025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
, from
<collectingCounty id="62825DC5FFEB1E01FE50FC16FDCAC25B" box="[441,582,1003,1025]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Kudremukh</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87BF33FFEB1E01FD88FC16FC8BC25B" box="[609,775,1003,1025]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Chikamagalur</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFFEB1E01FF4DFBF7FEAFC27A" box="[164,291,1034,1056]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
;
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFEB1E01FEDFFBF7FE26C245" box="[310,426,1034,1055]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFEB1E01FE54FBF7FDB4C27A" box="[445,568,1034,1056]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">SDB 4512</specimenCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFEB1E01FD6BFBF7FD59C245" box="[642,725,1034,1055]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="Museum">OMNH</collectionCode>
<location id="8E837392FFEB1E01FD0AFBF7FC87C245" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF951E00FCBCFE33FE08C7CE:8E837392FFEB1E01FD0AFBF7FC87C245" box="[739,779,1034,1055]" county="Kudremukh" municipality="Chikamagalur" name="Am" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" stateProvince="Karnataka">Am</location>
11413,
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FFEB1E01FF11FBD4FEEAC264" box="[248,358,1064,1086]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
males.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FF4DFB92FE02C35A" blockId="64.[164,779,1135,1280]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FF4DFB92FE3CC2DE" box="[164,432,1135,1156]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Other material studied:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFEB1E01FE51FB8DFDFFC2DF" box="[440,627,1135,1157]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="BNHS 4498" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFEB1E01FE51FB8DFDCDC2DF" box="[440,577,1136,1157]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">BNHS 4498</specimenCode>
and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFEB1E01FD92FB8DFE98C2FE" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="BNHS 4499" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFEB1E01FD92FB8DFC8AC2DF" box="[635,774,1136,1157]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">BNHS 4499</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FFEB1E01FF4DFB73FE98C2FE" box="[164,276,1166,1188]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
males, from Kudremukh;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFEB1E01FDB9FB73FD53C2FE" box="[592,735,1166,1188]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="BNHS 4590" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFEB1E01FDB9FB73FD53C2FE" box="[592,735,1166,1188]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">BNHS 4590</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, an adult male, from Mercara; VUB 002, an adult male, from Sakleshpur;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFEB1E01FE69FB36FE72C2BB" box="[384,510,1227,1249]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="SDB 4512" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFEB1E01FE69FB36FE72C2BB" box="[384,510,1227,1249]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">SDB 4512</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, an adult male, from Muthanga (
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FFEB1E01FEC2FB17FE0EC35A" box="[299,386,1258,1280]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FF4DFACCFB1DC743" blockId="64.[164,779,1329,1473]" lastBlockId="64.[826,1441,198,403]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FF4DFACCFDDFC31C" box="[164,595,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFEB1E01FEC0FACCFDDFC31C" authorityName="Kuramoto &amp; Joshy" authorityYear="2003" box="[297,595,1329,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberohumerus">Philautus tuberohumerus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small adult size; (2) snout subelliptical in dorsal view; (3) head as wide as long; (4) shank shorter than thigh; (5) absence of papilla on the tongue; (6) groin and anterior surfaces of thighs dark brown with yellow blotches; (7) presence of slightly spinular nuptial pad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FCBAFEDFFA1AC7C9" blockId="64.[826,1441,198,403]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
This species is unique with the combination of short adult snout–vent length and being yellow with brown spots on groin and thigh, but could be comparable with
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFEB1E01FC91FE83FBA9C7C8" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[888,1061,381,403]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombayensis">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FC91FE83FBA9C7C8" box="[888,1061,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">P. bombayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see ‘comparison’ of the latter).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FCD3FE38FC05C442" blockId="64.[826,1441,452,536]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FCD3FE38FBE2C783" box="[826,1134,452,474]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFEB1E01FBE0FE39FBE4C783" box="[1033,1128,452,473]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
A detailed description and illustrations were published in
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FFEB1E01FB55FE1EFC09C442" author="Kuramoto M &amp; Joshy SH" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref43982" refString="Kuramoto M, Joshy SH. 2003. Two new species of the genus Philautus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, Southwestern India. Current Herpetology 22: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="2003">Kuramoto &amp; Joshy (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E01FCD3FDB4FC3EC35A" blockId="64.[826,1441,585,1280]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FCD3FDB4FC27C404" box="[826,939,585,606]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Variation:</emphasis>
Measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FFEB1E01FB63FDB4FAA7C405" box="[1162,1323,585,607]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
including the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFEB1E01FC82FD9AFC40C427" box="[875,972,615,637]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are given in
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FFEB1E01FB9DFD9AFB45C426" box="[1140,1225,615,637]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Table 2</tableCitation>
. The skin texture is slightly variable from typically shagreened to sparsely granular.
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFEB1E01FBF3FD58FBC2C4E0" box="[1050,1102,677,698]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">SDB</collectionCode>
4512, uniformly shagreened dorsum with prominent spinular projections (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FCABFD1FFC2AC4A2" box="[834,934,738,760]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="64.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-560@64.[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Figure 63. Philautus tuberohumerus: A, specimen (BNHS 4499) from Kudremukh; B, specimen (SDB 4512) from Muthanga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445490/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Fig. 63B</figureCitation>
). The typical colour form is light brown with a faint grey stripe in between the eyes, faint grey ‘X’ behind the eye to vent, loreal and tympanic regions light-brownish grey, iris light-golden brown, encircled by a bluish outer ring, lateral side light-greyish white, flank and groin with yellow patches in a brown background, limbs with cross bands; ventral side greyish white, minute black spots on the throat, thigh light bluish with light-grey spots (
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFEB1E01FAEDFC2AFAC3C5B6" box="[1284,1359,983,1004]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">BNHS</collectionCode>
4499,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FCD3FC08FC11C251" box="[826,925,1013,1035]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="64.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-560@64.[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Figure 63. Philautus tuberohumerus: A, specimen (BNHS 4499) from Kudremukh; B, specimen (SDB 4512) from Muthanga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445490/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Fig. 63A</figureCitation>
);
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFEB1E01FC5AFC08FC6BC250" box="[947,999,1013,1034]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">SDB</collectionCode>
4512, dark-bluish black dorsum with light-bluish spots on lateral side; ventral side darkbluish black with light-blue spots (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FB07FBCFFADDC212" box="[1262,1361,1074,1096]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="64.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-560@64.[323,1284,1530,1823]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Figure 63. Philautus tuberohumerus: A, specimen (BNHS 4499) from Kudremukh; B, specimen (SDB 4512) from Muthanga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445490/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Fig. 63B</figureCitation>
);
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFEB1E01FA84FBCFFA2DC21D" box="[1389,1441,1074,1095]" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">SDB</collectionCode>
4599, dark-grey dorsum with blackish irregular patches, slightly broader greyish brown stripe between the eyes, a greyish brown line from snout to vent, dorsally at the point of vent, two lines extending from femur to tibia and finally ending on the tarsus (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FCABFB17FC2AC35A" box="[834,934,1258,1280]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Fig. 59C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFEB1E00FCD3FACCFE08C7CE" blockId="64.[826,1441,1329,1473]" lastBlockId="65.[144,759,198,404]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEB1E01FCD3FACCFB66C31C" box="[826,1258,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
Chikmagalur, Kudremukh-Malleshwaram, Sakleshpur, Kempholay, Mercara, Someshwar-Agumbae in
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFFEB1E01FB0BFA93FAEDC3DE" box="[1250,1377,1390,1412]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, and Muthanga in
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFFEB1E01FC32FA70FBA5C3F9" box="[987,1065,1421,1443]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Kerala</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFEB1E01FBD3FA70FB11C3F8" box="[1082,1181,1420,1443]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="61.[144,223,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[164,1401,196,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-0@61.[162,1404,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution map. A, Philautus tinniens; B, Philautus travancoricus; C, Philautus tuberohumerus; D, Philautus wynaadensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445480/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Fig. 59C</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FFEB1E01FB42FA70FB71C3F9" box="[1195,1277,1421,1443]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Collection localities that are discussed in the text. Localities are arranged by state" pageId="64" pageNumber="438">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Kudremukh populations were found in moist forest patches, but in Sakleshpur and Mercara, this species was found in the wayside vegetation near disturbed secondary forest. The calling height preference in all of the populations was a maximum of about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFEA1E00FDBBFEDFFDF1C76D" box="[594,637,290,311]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
above the ground, usually on leaves. The reproductive mode of this species was discussed (as
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFEA1E00FDF8FE9DFD48C72E" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[529,708,351,373]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombayensis">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEA1E00FDF8FE9DFD48C72E" box="[529,708,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="439">P. bombayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by Bossuyt
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFEA1E00FF1DFE83FEA0C7C8" box="[244,300,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="439">et al.</emphasis>
(2001).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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