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<mods:title id="46CBF80AD5B5EDB134869BF12CF81911">Redescription of the brackish water crab Ptychognathus glaber Stimpson, 1858 based on the topotypic material from the Ogasawara Islands and new record of P. lipkei N. K. Ng, 2010 from Japan (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0796C34362D7AD035BD292381BE6425F">Komai, Tomoyuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E5E5043EB8B30CE1CD203D126BC38305">Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955 - 2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260 - 8682, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C89BC398D7E4F903898AC6D53210C0D">Maenosono, Tadafumi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ACB341C7D1CF242E6BCC3AB9C22C4A92">Kankyosha, 1 - 4 - 5 - 102 Kyozuka, Urasoe, Okinawa 901 - 2111, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5CC5A89012732FE962F226E46C48E6D5">Saeki, Toshifumi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="465F2F7546AEC0A85A84688FE38E856E">Naruse, Tohru</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D08487D57CDFC175A74FBCD" ID-CoL="6WNM5" authority="N. K. Ng, 2010" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,589,1014,1041]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
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<emphasis id="B92CC6070D08487D57CDFC1759AFFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,406,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
N.K. 
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<paragraph id="8BE71A150D08487D57CDFBFA5A9FFBE8" blockId="8.[151,678,1014,1114]" box="[151,678,1050,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">[New Japanese name: Kenaga-hiraiso-modoki]</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="136306900D08487D57C5FBDE5933FB87" box="[159,266,1087,1114]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetBox-1="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1421,539,1787]" captionTargetId-0="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId-1="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetId-2="figure-190@11.[151,1436,525,1796]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B92CC6070D08487D57CDFB9F594FFB4B" box="[151,374,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Ptychognathus glaber</emphasis>
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.—de 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D08487D56EFFB9F5A6BFB4B" author="Man, J. G. de" box="[437,594,1150,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" pagination="15 - 29" refId="ref10327" refString="Man, J. G. de (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10298" type="book chapter" year="1892">Man 1892: 324</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 19, fig. 11.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D08487D545AFB9F5B99FB4B" author="Tesch, J. J." box="[768,928,1150,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref11979" refString="Tesch, J. J. (1918) The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga-Expedition. I. Hymenosomidae, Retroplumidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae, and Gecarcinidae. Siboga-Expedition Monographs, 39 (c), 1 - 148, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1918">Tesch 1918: 87</bibRefCitation>
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(key).—N.K. 
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(part).— 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D08487D5241FB9F596EFB68" author="Nakasone, Y. &amp; Irei, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="66" pagination="272 - 275" refId="ref10604" refString="Nakasone, Y. &amp; Irei, M. (2003) Grapsidae. In: Nishida, M., Shikatani, N. &amp; Shokita, S. (Eds.), The Flora and Fauna of Inland Waters in the Ryukyu Islands. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 272 - 275. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2003">Nakasone &amp; Irei 2003: 274</bibRefCitation>
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(key to varunid species in Ryukyu Islands).
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<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D08487D57CDFB5A5A7FFB0E" ID-CoL="6WNM5" authority="N. K. Ng, 2010: 548" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityPageNumber="548" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,582,1211,1236]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D08487D57CDFB5A5957FB0E" box="[151,366,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
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N.K. 
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, figs. 1–3 [
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locality: 
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, 
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mouth, 
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<emphasis id="B92CC6070D08487D57CDFAFB59BDFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,388,1306,1332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Material examined.</emphasis>
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/islands listed here belong to the 
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, 
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: CBM-ZC 4477, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D56FBFADE59D2FA84" box="[417,491,1343,1369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(10.6× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D5561FADE5A9AFA84" box="[571,675,1343,1369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.6 mm</quantity>
), estuary of small stream, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D549FFADE5C65FA84" box="[965,1116,1343,1369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="1997-05-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D549FFADE5C65FA84" box="[965,1116,1343,1369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="1997-05-28">28 May 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D53C7FADE5C96FA84" box="[1181,1199,1343,1369]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8E874CCE0D08487D53E3FADE58ECFAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1AB030D08487957CDFC175AE6F800:8E874CCE0D08487D53E3FADE58ECFAA0" county="Honera River" municipality="Iriomote Island" name="Komai. Yaeyama Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Komai. Yaeyama Islands</location>
, 
<location id="8E874CCE0D08487D57BAFA8259B3FAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1AB030D08487957CDFC175AE6F800:8E874CCE0D08487D57BAFA8259B3FAA0" box="[224,394,1379,1405]" county="Honera River" municipality="Iriomote Island" name="Ishigaki Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Ishigaki Island</location>
: CBM-ZC 16570, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D5503FA825A96FAA0" box="[601,687,1379,1405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(8.1×10.2, 9.2×11.4, 11.2× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D54B8FA825C70FAA0" box="[994,1097,1379,1405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="14.3">14.3 mm</quantity>
), 
<location id="8E874CCE0D08487D5301FA825D3FFAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1AB030D08487957CDFC175AE6F800:8E874CCE0D08487D5301FA825D3FFAA0" box="[1115,1286,1379,1405]" county="Honera River" municipality="Iriomote Island" name="Todoroki River" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Todoroki River</location>
downstream, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D57CDFA66597FFA7C" box="[151,326,1415,1441]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-26">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D57CDFA66597FFA7C" box="[151,326,1415,1441]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-26">26 March 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D56D0FA6659A5FA7C" box="[394,412,1415,1441]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Maenosono; RUMF-ZC-6846, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D545CFA665B64FA7C" box="[774,861,1415,1441]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(9.2×11.1, 9.3× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D5348FA675C43FA7C" box="[1042,1146,1414,1441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
), same locality, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D5275FA6758EBFA18" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D5275FA6758EBFA18" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-25">25 March 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D564DFA4A5910FA18" box="[279,297,1451,1477]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Saeki; RUMF-ZC-6848, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D5515FA4A5AA2FA18" box="[591,667,1451,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(8.3×10.0 mm), same locality, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D54A5FA4A5C96FA18" box="[1023,1199,1451,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D54A5FA4A5C96FA18" box="[1023,1199,1451,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-28">28 March 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D53AEFA4A5D3FFA18" box="[1268,1286,1451,1477]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Maenosono; RUMF-ZC-7113, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D563CFA2E5986FA34" box="[358,447,1487,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(8.1×10.0, 8.8×10.5, 11.0× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D55A5FA2E5B53FA34" box="[767,874,1487,1513]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="13.3">13.3 mm</quantity>
), same locality, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D5372FA2E5CD5FA34" box="[1064,1260,1487,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2021-02-04">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D5372FA2E5CD5FA34" box="[1064,1260,1487,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2021-02-04">4 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D526CFA2E5D71FA34" box="[1334,1352,1487,1513]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Saeki; RUMF-ZC-6847, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D5638FA125994F9D0" box="[354,429,1523,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(9.2× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D56B5FA125A6FF9D0" box="[495,598,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
), 
<location id="8E874CCE0D08487D5532FA125AD5F9D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1AB030D08487957CDFC175AE6F800:8E874CCE0D08487D5532FA125AD5F9D0" box="[616,748,1523,1549]" county="Honera River" municipality="Iriomote Island" name="Tsuru River" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Tsuru River</location>
downstream, under rock, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D5355FA125C85F9D0" box="[1039,1212,1523,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-26">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D5355FA125C85F9D0" box="[1039,1212,1523,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2016-03-26">26 March 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D53A7FA125D36F9D0" box="[1277,1295,1523,1549]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Maenosono &amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D57EEF9F658FFF9EC" box="[180,198,1559,1585]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Saeki; RUMF-ZC-7114, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D56B3F9F65A0CF9EC" box="[489,565,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(10.6× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D55DDF9F65AD6F9EC" box="[647,751,1559,1585]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
), 
<location id="8E874CCE0D08487D5458F9F65B47F9EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1AB030D08487957CDFC175AE6F800:8E874CCE0D08487D5458F9F65B47F9EC" box="[770,894,1559,1585]" county="Honera River" municipality="Iriomote Island" name="Kara River" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Kara River</location>
downstream, under rock, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D53F9F9F75D59F9EC" box="[1187,1376,1558,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2021-02-05">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D53F9F9F75D59F9EC" box="[1187,1376,1558,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2021-02-05">5 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D57CDF9DA5890F988" box="[151,169,1595,1621]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Saeki; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83806F0D08487D565AF9DA5989F988" box="[256,432,1595,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Iriomote Island</collectingMunicipality>
: CBM-ZC 16571, 
<specimenCount id="9D5ED19C0D08487D5525F9DA5AF3F988" box="[639,714,1595,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(9.8× 
<quantity id="4CA0B7F00D08487D5457F9DA5B4DF988" box="[781,884,1595,1621]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
), 
<collectingCounty id="628662990D08487D54DDF9DA5C19F988" box="[903,1056,1595,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Honera River</collectingCounty>
, downstream, under rock, 
<date id="FFE63CD50D08487D521CF9DB592DF9A4" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2017-02-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA2C53D0D08487D521CF9DB592DF9A4" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" value="2017-02-25">25 February 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="ED4982D00D08487D560DF9BE5950F9A4" box="[343,361,1631,1657]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">T</collectionCode>
. Saeki, DNA voucher
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342499E0D084879579DF9635902FA43" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D08487C579DF9635D0CFF24" blockId="8.[151,1437,1306,2017]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D08487D579DF9635A55F941" bold="true" box="[199,620,1666,1693]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Description of Japanese specimens.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D08487D552EF9625A97F940" box="[628,686,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Male</emphasis>
. Carapace (
<figureCitation id="136306900D08487D5469F9625BA1F940" box="[819,920,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D08487D54FEF9625BF1F940" box="[932,968,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">7A</figureCitation>
) subrectangular, 1.2–1.3 times as wide as long, substantially flattened; dorsal surface flat, with scattered fine punctae; regions poorly defined; cervical groove shallow, but clearly discernible, H-shaped; epigastric cristae rudimentary or absent; postorbital cristae absent; no distinct ridge present at region just adjacent to junction between posterolateral margin and posterior carapace margin. Anterolateral margin lined with faint granules, not clearly demarcated from posterolateral margin, bearing 1 small blunt tooth defined by shallow notch; external orbital angle triangular with subacute, forwardly directed tip; posterolateral margins slightly converging posteriorly, almost straight; supraorbital margin slightly oblique and slightly sinuous, faintly crenulate; frontal margin in dorsal view with broad, shallow median notch. Front (
<figureCitation id="136306900D08487D5381F89E5D09F844" box="[1243,1328,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) abruptly deflexed, very narrow, demarcated dorsally with transverse line of minute granules, medially shallowly concave, bisected by low transverse, granulated ridge continuing to upper margins of antennular fossae, attaching ventrally with upper margin of epistome; infraorbital margins (
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C55BCFF765B05FF6C" box="[742,828,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) each with about 10 low, blunt granules, not congruent with anterolateral margin, inner orbital tooth small, granulated, not extending to lateral angle of front; subortbial region with scattered granules; pterygostomial region with row of long plumose setae near cheliped coxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D09487C579DFEE2596BFE9C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">
Inter-antennular septum (
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C56BBFEE25A0FFEC0" box="[481,566,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) broadly triangular, medially slightly depressed, upper margins bordered with minute granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D09487C579DFEAA58D4FDC4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">
Thoracic sternum glabrous, with scattered punctae. Sternite 1 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C54D4FEAA5BDEFEB8" box="[910,999,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) small, narrowly triangular, somewhat depressed; surface obscured by setae. Sternite 2 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C558FFE8E5B09FE54" box="[725,816,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) widely trapezoidal, clearly demarcated from sternite 3. Sternites 3 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C56D3FE7259D4FE70" box="[393,493,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C56A6FE725A19FE70" box="[508,544,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">7D</figureCitation>
) fused, subtrapezoidal; lateral margin with small triangular process at base of maxilliped 3. Sternite 5–7 lateral parts subquadrate, respectively; lateral parts of sternite 8 exposed, subrectangular. Sterno-pleonal cavity deep, anterior end reaching anterior 0.2 of sternite 4 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D09487C54B1FE3A5C7FFE28" box="[1003,1094,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
); press buttons reduced, obsolescent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF274A9D0D09487C57CDF85F5D3CF827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="67" startId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" targetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D09487C57CDF85F5D3CF827" blockId="9.[151,1437,1982,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D09487C57CDF85F592AF80B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1982,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D09487C5643F85F5AB7F80B" authority="N. K. Ng, 2010" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[281,654,1982,2007]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D09487C5643F85F59D7F80B" box="[281,494,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="67">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
N.K. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D09487C5576F85E5AB7F80B" author="Ng, N. K." box="[556,654,1982,2007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67" pagination="547 - 560" refId="ref10667" refString="Ng, N. K. (2010) A new species of Ptychognathus Simpson, 1858, from Cebu Island, Philippines (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M., De Grave, S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Studies on Malacostraca: Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis Memorial Volume. Crustaceana Monographs, 14, pp. 547 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047427759 _ 038" type="journal article" year="2010">Ng, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0A487F579DFF765A98FF24" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">
Eyes (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0A487F5657FF76595FFF6C" box="[269,358,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D0A487F562BFF7659ACFF6C" box="[369,405,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">7A</figureCitation>
) well developed; cornea distinct, darkly pigmented. Antennular peduncle basal articles (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0A487F5235FF765881FF08" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) broad, widely separated; distal 2 peduncular articles folded slightly obliquely into antennular fossa. Antennal peduncle (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0A487F5656FF3E5958FF24" box="[268,353,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) entering into orbital hiatus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0A487F579DFEE25B74FE28" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">
Maxilliped 3 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0A487F5634FEE259FEFEC0" box="[366,455,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
) broad, outer surface with small punctae. Exopod distinctly broader than endopodal ischium, mesial margin noticeably convex, lateral margin less convex than mesial margin. Ischium-merus lateral margin strongly concave to accommodate mesial margin of exopod; mesial margin with small notch at articulation; articulation between ischium and merus slightly sinuous. Ischium mesial margin gently convex, outer surface with shallow median sulcus. Merus with broad longitudinal sulcus on outer surface along mesial margin, antero-external angle strongly produced into roundly triangular projection. Carpus articulated at concave distomesial margin of merus. Dactylus longer than propodus, tapering to blunt apex.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF274A9D0D0A487F57CDF8A659E6F816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" startId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" targetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0A487F57CDF8A659E6F816" blockId="10.[151,1437,1863,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0A487F57CDF8A6592AF882" bold="true" box="[151,275,1863,1887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0A487F5643F8A65AB5F882" authority="N. K. Ng, 2010" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[281,652,1863,1888]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0A487F5643F8A659D7F882" box="[281,494,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="68">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
N.K. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0A487F5576F8A95AB5F882" author="Ng, N. K." box="[556,652,1863,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" pagination="547 - 560" refId="ref10667" refString="Ng, N. K. (2010) A new species of Ptychognathus Simpson, 1858, from Cebu Island, Philippines (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M., De Grave, S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Studies on Malacostraca: Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis Memorial Volume. Crustaceana Monographs, 14, pp. 547 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047427759 _ 038" type="journal article" year="2010">Ng, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0B487E579DFF765B17FE28" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">
Chelipeds (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0B487E561FFF765990FF6C" box="[325,425,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D0B487E56E9FF7659CCFF6C" box="[435,501,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,539,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-190@11.[151,1436,525,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">8A, B</figureCitation>
) usually symmetrical. Ischium convex on lower surface, with row of small tubercles on lower anterior margin. Merus without spines; upper margin convex, with deep subdistal transverse groove and long soft plumose setae proximally; lower surface flat, glabrous, inner lower margin bordered with small tubercles, outer lower margin bluntly carinate, smooth. Carpus sub-globular, smooth on surfaces; inner surface slightly produced, angular. Palm outer surface gently convex, microscopically granulate, glabrous, with scattered minute punctae; inner surface also gently convex, glabrous; no tuft of setae at base of fingers. Fixed finger without ridge on outer or inner surface, tapering to rounded, hollowed apex bordered by chitinous ridge; occlusal margin with row of distinct, rounded teeth, devoid of membranous protuberance proximally. Dactylus distinctly longer than palm measured along upper margin, gently arched, terminating in blunt, hollowed apex bordered by chitinous ridge; occlusal margin with row of blunt teeth, becoming obsolete distally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF274A9D0D0B487E57CDF8FA5CD0F8A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5549199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" startId="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" targetBox="[163,1421,539,1787]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0B487E57CDF8FA5CD0F8A6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1819,1915]" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0B487E57CDF8FA592AF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1819,1843]" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0B487E5643F8FA5AB5F8EE" authority="N. K. Ng, 2010" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[281,652,1819,1844]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0B487E5643F8FA59D7F8EE" box="[281,494,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
N.K. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0B487E5576F8FD5AB5F8EE" author="Ng, N. K." box="[556,652,1819,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" pagination="547 - 560" refId="ref10667" refString="Ng, N. K. (2010) A new species of Ptychognathus Simpson, 1858, from Cebu Island, Philippines (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M., De Grave, S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Studies on Malacostraca: Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis Memorial Volume. Crustaceana Monographs, 14, pp. 547 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047427759 _ 038" type="journal article" year="2010">Ng, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0B4879579DF8485BECFD58" blockId="11.[151,1436,1961,2024]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">
Ambulatory legs (pereopods 2–5) (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0B487E550DF8485A87F81E" box="[599,702,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D0B487E5591F8485B28F819" box="[715,785,1961,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,539,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-190@11.[151,1436,525,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">8C, D</figureCitation>
) relatively slender for genus, pereopods 3 and 4 longest, all similarly compressed. Pereopod 2–4 meri each with shallow transverse groove on anterior margin subdistally, extending onto upper and lower surfaces, and row of moderately long, soft feathered setae on anterior margin; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous except for minute black setae on anterodistal margin; posterior surfaces each with row of long stiff setae along upper and lower margins and scattered minute black setae at least on proximal half. Carpi each with dense covering of minute black setae and 2 rows of widely separated, long stiff setae on extensor surface, minute black setae extending onto lower surface; extensor distal angle produced into small process interacting with extensor proximal part of propodi; upper surface with few minute black setae; flexor surfaces each with 2 rows of widely spaced, long stiff setae. Propodi each with covering of minute black setae and long stiff setae arranged in 2 rows on extensor and flexor surfaces; scattered moderately long stiff setae at least on extensor and flexor surfaces; upper surfaces with longitudinal row of stiff setae on midline (pereopod 2 and 3), no long setae (pereopod 4); lower surfaces with 2 lines consisting of minute black setae and row of widely spaced long stiff setae (pereopod 2 and 3), few minute black setae and row of widely spaced long stiff setae along midline (pereopod 4); flexor surfaces with few minute black setae; propodus of pereopod 4 2.1 times as long as wide. Dactyli faintly curved, terminating in sharp corneous claws; surfaces alternated with longitudinal lines of minute black setae and naked line; pereopod 4 dactylus 1.3 times as long as propodus, 5.6 times as long as basal width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFD6E59B2FBCC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
Pereopod 5 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C4879560FFD6E5983FD74" box="[341,442,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C4879569FFD6E59D1FD74" box="[453,488,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,539,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-190@11.[151,1436,525,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">8D</figureCitation>
) having setation generally similar to preceding pereopods. Merus slightly narrowing distally, with shallow transverse groove subdistally; posterior surface flattened in distal half, with few long stiff setae arranged in 2 rows on proximal part; upper surface with minute black setae adjacent to posterior margin; lower surface glabrous. Carpus with numerous minute black setae and widely spaced, long stiff setae, arranged in 2 rows, on extensor surface; upper surface almost glabrous except for minute black setae on proximal part and distal margin; lower and posterior surface glabrous. Propodus approximately as long as wide; extensor surface with covering of minute black setae and few long stiff setae; upper surface with minute black setae arranged in irregular lines; lower surface glabrous; flexor surface with covering of minute black setae and few long stiff setae. Dactylus slightly upturned, 1.2 times as long as propodus, about 3 times as long as wide; extensor and flexor surfaces with covering of black minute setae extending onto upper and lower surfaces, former with few long stiff setae, midlines of upper and lower surfaces naked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFBFA5A61FB18" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
Pleon (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C4879564DFBFA5943FBE8" box="[279,378,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C487956DDFBFA599FFBE8" box="[391,422,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,588,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-155@10.[170,1416,525,1840]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, carapace with eyes and right antennule, dorsal view (setae on left side of surface omitted); B, front, antennules and left antenna, anterior view; C, left inferior orbital margin, ventral view; D, thoracic sternites 1–4, ventral view; E, left maxilliped 3, outer view; F, pleon, outer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549197/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">7F</figureCitation>
) relatively wide, surface smooth, margins with short setae. Pleomere 1 widest. Pleomeres 2 and 3 subequal in width. Pleomeres 3–5 becoming gradually narrower toward distal. Pleomere 6 subtrapezoidal, 2.0–2.3 times as wide as long, distolateral angle forming sloping shoulder. Telson tongue-shaped, 1.1–1.3 times long as pleomere 6, 1.1–1.2 times as long as wide; lateral margins slightly concave basally; distal margin rounded, with sparse setae not forming prominent tuft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFB2E5B30FAEC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
Male gonopod 1 (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C487956D4FB2E5A38FB34" box="[398,513,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,539,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-190@11.[151,1436,525,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
) slender, slightly curving dorsally, reaching suture between thoracic sternite 4 and 5; tip roundly truncate, forming short chitinous structure (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C48795446FB125B48FAD0" box="[796,881,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,539,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-190@11.[151,1436,525,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010, male (10.6×13.6 mm), Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands, CBM-ZC 4477. A, left cheliped, merus, ventral view; B, same, chela, outer view; C, left pereopod 4, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; D, left pereopod 5, carpus to dactylus, dorsal view; E, left gonopod 1, ventral view; F, same, distal part, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549199/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
); subdistal lobe obtuse, partially obscured by stiff setae; gonopod 2 shorter than 0.25 length of gonopod 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFADA5ACDFA88" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,756,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879579DFADA5922FA88" box="[199,283,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Female</emphasis>
. No specimens available for examination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFABF5902FA43" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879579DFABF5994FAA5" bold="true" box="[199,429,1374,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
Body and pereopods generally brown on dorsal or upper side, paler on ventral or lower side (
<figureCitation id="136306900D0C4879578EFA625917FA43" box="[212,302,1411,1438]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-178@9.[151,1435,561,1959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ptychognathus lipkei N.K. Ng, 2010. A, male (8.3×10.0 mm), Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, RUMF-ZC-6848, habitus in dorsal view; B, male (10.6×13.1 mm), Ishigaki Island, RUMF-ZC-7114, cephalothorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5549195/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342499E0D0C4879579DFA475C55F890" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFA47596EFA3B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879579DFA475958FA1D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1446,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="499CD4F70D0C48795633FA46599EFA1C" box="[361,423,1447,1473]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Cebu</collectingRegion>
, the 
<collectingCountry id="F34F5A850D0C48795684FA465A59FA1C" box="[478,608,1447,1473]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F34F5A850D0C48795536FA465A8CFA1C" box="[620,693,1447,1473]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Flores</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34F5A850D0C48795598FA465B0AFA1C" box="[706,819,1447,1473]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
; Ryukyu Islands (Tokara and Yaeyama Islands), 
<collectingCountry id="F34F5A850D0C48795206FA465DA5FA1C" box="[1372,1436,1447,1473]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Japan</collectingCountry>
(see Discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DFA0F5C55F890" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879579DFA0F5913F9D5" bold="true" box="[199,298,1518,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Habitat.</emphasis>
In the downstream of Todoroki River, Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, observation on the habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487957EDF9F2599AF9F0" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[183,419,1555,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487957EDF9F2599AF9F0" box="[183,419,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made. Individuals were seen in the upper tidal area and freshwater area just upper to the tidal area, hidden under rocks or among gravel. Individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487954D5F9D65BE5F98C" authorityName="Sakai" authorityYear="1939" box="[911,988,1591,1617]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishii">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487954D5F9D65BE5F98C" box="[911,988,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">P. ishii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred sympatrically, although those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487957EDF9BA592BF9A8" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[183,274,1627,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487957EDF9BA592BF9A8" box="[183,274,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">P. lipkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem to be restricted to fast-flowing shoal. Other decapods also seen nearby the habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C48795279F9BA5D47F9A8" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[1315,1406,1627,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C48795279F9BA5D47F9A8" box="[1315,1406,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">P. lipkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Todoroki River include: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487956F3F99E5B9FF944" authority="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1879" box="[425,934,1663,1689]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Pyxidognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487956F3F99E5AEBF944" box="[425,722,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Pyxidognathus granulosus</emphasis>
A. Milne-Edwards
</taxonomicName>
(Brachyura: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C48795362F99E5C96F947" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1080,1199,1663,1690]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C4879539BF99E58C7F960" authority="(de Man)" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Bresedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879539BF99E5DA5F944" box="[1217,1436,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Bresedium brevipes</emphasis>
(de Man)
</taxonomicName>
(Brachyura: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487956D5F9425A2CF963" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[399,533,1699,1726]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C4879557DF9425BE4F963" authority="(Koller, Liu &amp; Schubart)" baseAuthorityName="Koller, Liu &amp; Schubart" box="[551,989,1699,1726]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Leptarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liho">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879557DF9425AFFF960" box="[551,710,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Leptarma liho</emphasis>
(Koller, Liu &amp; Schubart)
</taxonomicName>
(Brachyura: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C48795335F9425CCCF963" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1135,1269,1699,1726]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C4879525DF94259B5F93F" authority="(Rathbun)" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumacense">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879525DF942592AF93C" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Parasesarma dumacense</emphasis>
(Rathbun)
</taxonomicName>
(Brachyura: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C48795545F9265A9CF93F" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[543,677,1735,1762]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
); and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487955B2F9265C47F93C" authority="Ng, Li &amp; Shih" authorityName="Ng, Li &amp; Shih" box="[744,1150,1735,1761]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperator">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487955B2F9265BE1F93D" box="[744,984,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Sesarmops imperator</emphasis>
Ng, Li &amp; Shih
</taxonomicName>
(Brachyura: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C48795248F9265DACF93F" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1298,1429,1735,1762]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C487957C5F90A59ECF8D8" author="Maenosono, T. &amp; Naruse, T." box="[159,469,1770,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref10220" refString="Maenosono, T. &amp; Naruse, T. (2015) Morphological characteristics and taxonomical problems of the genus Parasesarma De Man, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Fauna Ryukyuana, 23, 1 - 41. [in Japanese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2015">Maenosono &amp; Naruse 2015</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C48795685F90A5A22F8D8" author="Maenosono, T. &amp; Naruse, T." box="[479,539,1771,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="5 - 22" refId="ref10277" refString="Maenosono, T. &amp; Naruse, T. (2016) New records of two sesarmid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Ishigakijima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Fauna Ryukyuana, 28, 5 - 22. [in Japanese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
; Maenosono 
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487955F7F90A5ADDF8D8" box="[685,740,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2015). It is interesting to note that those five brachyurans were also recorded from the 
<typeStatus id="54E3A4B70D0C487956CCF8EE59FFF8F4" box="[406,454,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C48795519F8EE5BFDF8F4" authority=": Kawasan Fall, Matutinao" authorityName="Kawasan Fall, Matutinao" box="[579,964,1807,1833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C48795519F8EE5AA2F8F4" box="[579,667,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">P. lipkei</emphasis>
: Kawasan Fall, Matutinao
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499CD4F70D0C48795494F8EE5C30F8F4" box="[974,1033,1807,1833]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Cebu</collectingRegion>
Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C4879533AF8EE5D04F8F4" author="Rahayu, D. L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[1120,1341,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref11140" refString="Rahayu, D. L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2010) Revision of the Parasesarma plicatum (Latreille, 1803) species-group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Zootaxa, 2327 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2327.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Rahayu &amp; Ng 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C4879521DF8EE5936F890" author="Rahayu, D. L. &amp; Li, J. - J." pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="633 - 639" refId="ref11077" refString="Rahayu, D. L. &amp; Li, J. - J. (2013) A new species of the genus Parasesarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines, and redescription of P. jamelense (Rathbun, 1914). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61 (2), 633 - 639." type="journal article" year="2013">Rahayu &amp; Li 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C48795641F8D2598DF890" author="Li, J. - J. &amp; Hsu, J. - W. &amp; Ng, N. K. &amp; Shih, H. - T." box="[283,436,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="1207 - 1230" refId="ref9997" refString="Li, J. - J., Hsu, J. - W., Ng, N. K. &amp; Shih, H. - T. (2019) Eight new records of crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura: Sesarmidae, Varunidae) from the coasts of Taiwan. Crustaceana, 92 (10), 1207 - 1230. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003935" type="journal article" year="2019">
Li 
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C48795661F8D2594AF890" box="[315,371,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
, 2020; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C4879555CF8D25A82F890" author="Shih, H. - T. &amp; Hsu, P. - Y. &amp; Shahdadi, A. &amp; Schubart, C. D. &amp; Li, J. - J." box="[518,699,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="21" refId="ref11465" refString="Shih, H. - T., Hsu, P. - Y., Shahdadi, A., Schubart, C. D. &amp; Li, J. - J. (2019) The synonymy of the supratidal crab species Parasesarma cognatum Rahayu &amp; Li, 2013 with P. liho Koller, Liu &amp; Schubart, 2010 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, with a note on P. paucitorum Rahayu &amp; Ng, 2009. Zoological Studies, 58, 21. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2019.58 - 21" type="journal article" year="2019">
Shih 
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879551BF8D25A40F890" box="[577,633,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C4879559CF8D25B52F890" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Li, J. - J. &amp; Shih, H. - T." box="[710,875,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="27" refId="ref10817" refString="Ng, P. K. L., Li, J. - J. &amp; Shih, H. - T. (2020) What is Sesarmops impressus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae)? Zoological Studies, 59, 27. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2020.59 - 27" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ng 
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487955AAF8D25B11F890" box="[752,808,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C4879542FF8D25C58F890" author="Shahdadi, A. &amp; Fratini, S. &amp; Schubart, C. D." box="[885,1121,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="1123 - 1158" refId="ref11389" refString="Shahdadi, A., Fratini, S. &amp; Schubart, C. D. (2020) Taxonomic reassessment of Parasesarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Decapoda: Sesarmidae) based on genetic and morphological comparisons, with the description of a new genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 190 (4), 1123 - 1158. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa 025" type="journal article" year="2020">
Shahdadi 
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487954BFF8D25C24F890" box="[997,1053,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342499E0D0C4879579DF8B65AE6F800" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE71A150D0C4879579DF8B65AE6F800" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C4879579DF8B65902F8AC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5861960D0C487955D0F8B65C0FF8AC" authority=", N. K. Ng (2010)" authorityName=", N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2010" box="[650,1078,1879,1905]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Ptychognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipkei">
<emphasis id="B92CC6070D0C487955D0F8B65B4FF8AC" box="[650,886,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Ptychognathus lipkei</emphasis>
, N.K. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC967E40D0C4879549BF8B65C0FF8AC" author="Ng, N. K." box="[961,1078,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" pagination="547 - 560" refId="ref10667" refString="Ng, N. K. (2010) A new species of Ptychognathus Simpson, 1858, from Cebu Island, Philippines (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M., De Grave, S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Studies on Malacostraca: Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis Memorial Volume. Crustaceana Monographs, 14, pp. 547 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047427759 _ 038" type="journal article" year="2010">Ng (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stated that the epigastric cristae on the carapace are “low, indistinct”, but in her figure (fig. 2A), the epigastric cristae are illustrated as distinct ridges. On the other hand, in the photo of the 
<typeStatus id="54E3A4B70D0C48795538F87E5AFDF864" box="[610,708,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(fig. 1A), epigastric cristae are not discernible. In our specimens, epigastric cristae are at most rudimentary, or absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>