treatments-xml/data/03/F1/87/03F187DA6F66FFBDA3948855FE5FFBCF.xml
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<document id="9624B790877E7026507AECF08602B571" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629766107079" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Raines, Bret &amp; Huber, Markus" docDate="2012" docId="03F187DA6F66FFBDA3948855FE5FFBCF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03217p106.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3217" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Funafutia levukana" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFC8FFA26F57FF8CA3038957FFD4FF85" masterDocTitle="3217" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699109226814" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3948855FDA2FE99" box="[151,630,258,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3948855FDA2FE99" blockId="49.[151,630,258,317]" box="[151,630,258,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D0AF81A06F66FFBDA3948855FDA2FE99" bold="true" box="[151,630,258,284]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA3948855FDA2FE99" ID-CoL="6K3R7" authority="(E. A. Smith, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="E. A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,630,258,284]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Funafutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levukana">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3948855FDA2FE99" bold="true" box="[151,630,258,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3948855FE5DFE99" bold="true" box="[151,393,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Funafutia levukana</emphasis>
(E.A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA2DB8855FDBAFE99" author="Smith, E. A." box="[472,622,258,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 341" refId="ref60012" refString="Smith, E. A. (1885) Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploratory Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 13 (35), 1 - 341." type="journal article" year="1885">Smith, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3948872FE9CFEB8" box="[151,328,293,317]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3948872FE9CFEB8" blockId="49.[151,630,258,317]" box="[151,328,293,317]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<figureCitation id="13632A496F66FFBDA3948872FE9CFEB8" box="[151,328,293,317]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,447,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-172@48.[151,1436,447,1699]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. AD, Ctena bella (Conrad, 1837); A, Exterior RV, 7.2 mm in length; B, Exterior LV, 7.1 mm in length; C, Interior LV of same valve; D, Interior RV, 6.8 mm in length; EG, Funafutia levukana (E.A. Smith, 1885); E, Exterior LV, 4 mm in length; F, Exterior RV, 3.6 mm in length, SEM; G, Interior RV of same valve, SEM." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figures 24 EG</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3948839FAE1FE24" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3948839FD05FE06" blockId="49.[151,1333,365,418]" box="[151,721,365,387]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F66FFBDA3948839FD05FE06" box="[151,721,365,387]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F66FFBDA3948839FD90FE06" author="Smith, E. A." box="[151,580,365,387]" page="181" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1885">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA3948839FD90FE06" ID-CoL="872K3" authority="E. A. Smith, 1885: p. 181" authorityName="E. A. Smith" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,580,365,387]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levukana">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3948839FEEBFE06" box="[151,319,365,387]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lucina levukana</emphasis>
E.A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA279883AFE2DFE06" author="Smith, E. A." box="[378,505,365,387]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 341" refId="ref60012" refString="Smith, E. A. (1885) Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploratory Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 13 (35), 1 - 341." type="journal article" year="1885">Smith, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: p. 181
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 13, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA39488DBFAE1FE24" blockId="49.[151,1333,365,418]" box="[151,1333,395,418]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F66FFBDA39488DBFAE1FE24" box="[151,1333,395,418]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA39488DBFDF5FE24" ID-CoL="6K3R7" authority="(E. A. Smith, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="E. A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,545,395,418]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Funafutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levukana">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA39488DBFE89FE27" box="[151,349,396,418]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Funafutia levukana</emphasis>
(E.A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA2A388DCFDCEFE24" author="Smith, E. A." box="[416,538,395,417]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 341" refId="ref60012" refString="Smith, E. A. (1885) Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploratory Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 13 (35), 1 - 341." type="journal article" year="1885">Smith, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F66FFBDA13888DCFCA6FE24" author="Glover, E. &amp; Taylor, J. D." box="[571,882,395,417]" page="286" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA13888DCFCF3FE24" author="Glover, E. &amp; Taylor, J. D." box="[571,807,395,417]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="263 - 292" refId="ref53996" refString="Glover, E. &amp; Taylor, J. D. (2001) Systematic revision of Australian and Indo-Pacific Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Pillucina, Wallucina and descriptions of two new genera and four new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 53, 263 - 292." type="journal article" year="2001">Glover &amp; Taylor, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: p. 286
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 22 A-D;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F66FFBDA70988DCFAE6FE24" author="Trondle, J. &amp; Boutet, M." box="[1034,1330,395,417]" page="8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA70988DCFAD4FE24" author="Trondle, J. &amp; Boutet, M." box="[1034,1280,395,417]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref61214" refString="Trondle, J. &amp; Boutet, M. (2009) Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. Atoll Research Bulletin, 570, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="2009">Tröndlé &amp; Boutet, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: p. 8
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3948899FE9CFD8F" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3948899FE9CFD8F" blockId="49.[151,1436,462,1099]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3948899FE57FE62" bold="true" box="[151,387,462,487]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
More than fifty single valves from
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA0258898FC95FE63" box="[806,833,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">EI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA07F8899FC7FFE63" box="[892,939,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">SyG</emphasis>
(BK), plus specimens from the
<collectingRegion id="499CF82E6F66FFBDA6208898FF32FD8F" country="French Polynesia" name="Iles Marquises" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Marquesas Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F66FFBDA3F688A5FEE8FD8F" box="[245,316,498,522]" country="Uganda" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13539" name="Makerere University" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Herbarium">MHU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3C48B41FB58FD1F" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3C48B41FB58FD1F" blockId="49.[151,1436,462,1099]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3C48B41FE95FDAA" bold="true" box="[199,321,534,559]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Shell small (up to
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA1108B41FD87FDAB" box="[531,595,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
in length), suborbicular, equivalve, inequilateral, not fragile. Umbones elevated. Exterior surface of irregularly spaced prominent, rounded commarginal lamellae, microscopic radials.
<collectingRegion id="499CF82E6F66FFBDA6648B6CFF14FDF3" country="Oman" name="Ad Dakhiliyah" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Interior</collectingRegion>
smooth with continuous pallial line; margins finely crenulate. Hinge stout, consisting of two cardinals in the LV, and one cardinal in the RV with prominent posterior and anterior laterals. Color white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3C48BF0FB3BFC5B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3C48BF0FB4BFCAF" blockId="49.[151,1436,462,1099]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3C48BF0FEEFFD3A" bold="true" box="[199,315,679,703]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
The oblique shape, lamellate sculpture with microscopic radials, the crenulated margin and the hinge configuration closely approach the
<typeStatus id="54E3886E6F66FFBDA1738B9CFD74FD66" box="[624,672,715,739]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA0008B9CFB6AFD67" authority="(E. A. Smith 1885)" baseAuthorityName="E. A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[771,1214,714,739]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Funafutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levukana">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA0008B9CFC0BFD66" box="[771,991,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Funafutia levukana</emphasis>
(E.A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA72D8B9DFB62FD67" author="Smith, E. A." box="[1070,1206,714,738]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 341" refId="ref60012" refString="Smith, E. A. (1885) Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploratory Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 13 (35), 1 - 341." type="journal article" year="1885">Smith 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Species within the genus
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3E28BB9FE9AFC83" box="[225,334,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Levukana</emphasis>
are typically known from shallow water to
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA0478BB9FC55FC83" box="[836,897,750,774]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
, with a size of
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA7318BB9FBACFC83" box="[1074,1144,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
. The
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA7BB8BB8FB06FC83" box="[1208,1234,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">EI</emphasis>
species is known from
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA3D78A45FE93FCAF" box="[212,327,786,810]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="20.0">20100 m</quantity>
, also from caves in
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA1258A45FD5DFCAF" box="[550,649,786,810]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">3540 m</quantity>
(Motu Tantara) with a maximum size of
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA7558A45FB4FFCAF" box="[1110,1179,786,810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3C48A61FD80FC3F" blockId="49.[151,1436,462,1099]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Although the
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA2638A60FEAFFCCB" box="[352,379,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">EI</emphasis>
material has a somewhat denser commarginal sculpture with weaker radials and a slightly less pronounced anterior lateral in the LV, J. Taylor, (pers. comm., 2010) confirmed the specimens to be within the normal variability of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA2608A28FE31FC13" baseAuthorityName="E. A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[355,485,894,918]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Funafutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levukana">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA2608A28FE31FC13" box="[355,485,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">F. levukana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sizes and depths are comparable. Most likely, this species conforms to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F66FFBDA61F8A28FF1EFC3F" author="Kay, E. A." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="135 - 159" refId="ref55680" refString="Kay, E. A. (1995) Pacific island marine mollusks: systematics. In: Maragos, J. E. et al. (Eds), Marine and coastal biodiversity in the tropical island Pacific region. Honolulu, 135 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1995">Kay (1995: 155)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA3D28AF4FEA3FC3F" box="[209,375,930,954]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3D28AF4FECBFC3F" box="[209,287,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lucina</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from Easter Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3C48A91FB3BFC5B" blockId="49.[151,1436,462,1099]" box="[199,1263,966,991]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3C48A91FEFEFC5A" bold="true" box="[199,298,966,991]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
Commonly found at many locations around
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA01C8A90FCEEFC5B" box="[799,826,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">EI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA0738A91FC4FFC5B" box="[880,923,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">SyG</emphasis>
, in fine sand, from
<quantity id="4CA09B296F66FFBDA7748A91FB3FFC5B" box="[1143,1259,966,990]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="20.0">20100 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F66FFBDA3C48ABDFE5FFBCF" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F66FFBDA3C48ABDFE5FFBCF" blockId="49.[151,1436,462,1099]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA3C48ABDFEB4FB86" bold="true" box="[199,352,1002,1027]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F66FFBDA2698ABCFD93FB86" baseAuthorityName="E. A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[362,583,1003,1027]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Funafutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levukana">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA2698ABCFD93FB86" box="[362,583,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Funafutia levukana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from eastern Africa to the
<collectingRegion id="499CF82E6F66FFBDA0F98ABCFB1BFB87" box="[1018,1231,1002,1026]" country="French Polynesia" name="Iles Marquises" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Marquesas Islands</collectingRegion>
, but has not been recorded from the Hawaiian Islands. The presence of this species on Easter and Salas y Gómez Islands represents a range extension—
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F66FFBDA2608D65FE50FBCE" bold="true" box="[355,388,1074,1099]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E4</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>