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<heading id="D0AF81A06F07FFDCA3948AFFFDA9FC47" bold="true" box="[151,637,936,962]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F07FFDCA3948AFFFDA9FC47" authority="(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[151,637,936,962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Semele" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3948AFFFDA9FC47" bold="true" box="[151,637,936,962]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3948AFFFE88FC47" bold="true" box="[151,348,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Semele australis</emphasis>
(G.B.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA2A88AFFFDA1FC47" author="Sowerby I, G. B." box="[427,629,936,962]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="194 - 202" refId="ref60214" refString="Sowerby I, G. B. (1832) Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera collected by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 194 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1832">Sowerby I, 1832</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F07FFDCA3948A9DFE9EFC67" box="[151,330,970,994]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3948A9DFE9EFC67" blockId="80.[151,637,936,994]" box="[151,330,970,994]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<figureCitation id="13632A496F07FFDCA3948A9DFE9EFC67" box="[151,330,970,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,657,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-307@81.[151,1436,657,1929]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 41. AC, Semele australis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832); A, Exterior RV, 16 mm in length; B, Interior LV, 15 mm in length; C, Interior RV, 14.5 mm in length; DH, Ervilia bisculpta Gould, 1861; D, Exterior RV, 2.6 mm in length; E, Exterior LV, 2.5 mm in length; F, Exterior LV, 2.5 mm in length; G, Exterior LV, 3.4 mm in length, SEM; H, Interior LV, 3.3 mm in length, SEM." pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figures 41 AC</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F07FFDCA3948D44FB61FBFA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3948D44FD58FBA2" blockId="80.[151,1436,1042,1151]" box="[151,652,1042,1064]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F07FFDCA3948D44FD58FBA2" box="[151,652,1042,1064]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA3948D44FD5CFBA2" author="Sowerby I, G. B." box="[151,648,1042,1064]" page="200" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1832">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F07FFDCA3948D44FD5CFBA2" authority="G. B. Sowerby I, 1832: p. 200" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby I" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,648,1042,1064]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Amphidesma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3948D44FEB3FBAD" box="[151,359,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Amphidesma australe</emphasis>
G.B.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA29E8D45FD95FBA2" author="Sowerby I, G. B." box="[413,577,1042,1063]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="194 - 202" refId="ref60214" refString="Sowerby I, G. B. (1832) Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera collected by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 194 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1832">Sowerby I, 1832</bibRefCitation>
: p. 200
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3948D67FD47FBC1" blockId="80.[151,1436,1042,1151]" box="[151,659,1071,1093]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F07FFDCA3948D67FD47FBC1" box="[151,659,1071,1093]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA3948D67FE38FBC1" author="Dall, W. H. &amp; Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A." box="[151,492,1071,1093]" page="177" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1938">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F07FFDCA3948D67FE38FBC1" authority="Dall et al., 1938: p. 177" authorityName="Dall" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,492,1071,1093]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Semele" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tita">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3948D67FED5FBC0" box="[151,257,1072,1093]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Semele tita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA2048D78FE71FBC1" author="Dall, W. H. &amp; Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A." box="[263,421,1071,1093]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref52903" refString="Dall, W. H., Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A. (1938) A manual of the recent and fossil marine pelecypod mollusks of the Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 153, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1938">
Dall
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA2358D67FEB4FBC0" box="[310,352,1072,1093]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al</emphasis>
., 1938
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 177
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 45, figs. 14.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3948D1AFB61FBFA" blockId="80.[151,1436,1042,1151]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F07FFDCA3948D1AFB61FBFA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F07FFDCA3948D1AFDCFFBE7" authority="(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[151,539,1101,1122]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Semele" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3948D1AFEE1FBE7" box="[151,309,1101,1122]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Semele australis</emphasis>
(G.B.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA2778D1AFDC0FBE7" author="Sowerby I, G. B." box="[372,532,1101,1122]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="194 - 202" refId="ref60214" refString="Sowerby I, G. B. (1832) Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera collected by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 194 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1832">Sowerby I, 1832</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA1378D1AFD36FBE7" author="Kay, E. A." box="[564,738,1101,1122]" page="566" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA1378D1AFD4DFBE7" author="Kay, E. A." box="[564,665,1101,1122]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref55643" refString="Kay, E. A. (1979) Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii Sec. 4: Mollusca. Oahu, Hawaii (Bishop Museum Press), 653 pp." type="book" year="1979">Kay, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: p. 566
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 183 MN;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA0858D1AFB86FBE7" author="Rehder, H. A." box="[902,1106,1101,1122]" page="112" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA0858D1AFBDFFBE7" author="Rehder, H. A." box="[902,1035,1101,1122]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref59059" refString="Rehder, H. A. (1980) The marine mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Sala y Gomez. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Number 289, 167 pp." type="book" year="1980">Rehder, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: p. 112
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 14, figs. 56;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA6028D1AFF3AFBFA" author="Preece, R. C." page="351" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA6028D1AFA55FBE7" author="Preece, R. C." box="[1281,1409,1101,1122]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="339 - 358" refId="ref58819" refString="Preece, R. C. (1995) The composition and relationships of the marine molluscan fauna of the Pitcairn Islands. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 56, 339 - 358." type="journal article" year="1995">Preece, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: p. 351
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA3F48D3DFDC4FBFA" author="Trondle, J. &amp; Boutet, M." box="[247,528,1130,1151]" page="9" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA3F48D3DFE35FBFA" author="Trondle, J. &amp; Boutet, M." box="[247,481,1130,1151]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref61214" refString="Trondle, J. &amp; Boutet, M. (2009) Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. Atoll Research Bulletin, 570, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="2009">Tröndlé &amp; Boutet, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: p. 9
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA1198D3DFD08FBFA" author="Huber, M." box="[538,732,1130,1151]" page="340" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA1198D3DFD41FBFA" author="Huber, M." box="[538,661,1130,1151]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref55250" refString="Huber, M. (2010) Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, Germany, 901 pp., 1 CD." type="book" year="2010">Huber, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: p. 340
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 810;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F07FFDCA0518D3DFBF7FBFA" author="Severns, M." box="[850,1059,1130,1151]" page="476" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F07FFDCA0518D3DFC09FBFA" author="Severns, M." box="[850,989,1130,1151]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref59986" refString="Severns, M. (2011) Shells of the Hawaiian Islands. The Sea Shells. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, Germany, 564 pp." type="book" year="2011">Severns, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: p. 476
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 218, fig. 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F07FFDCA3948DF2FE6CFA80" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3948DF2FE6CFA80" blockId="80.[151,1436,1189,1718]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3948DF2FE54FB3B" bold="true" box="[151,384,1189,1214]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
Over two hundred articulated specimens and single valves from
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA7558DF1FBA5FB38" box="[1110,1137,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">EI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA7A48DF2FB02FB38" box="[1191,1238,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">SyG</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F07FFDCA7E68DF2FAC4FB38" box="[1253,1296,1189,1213]" country="Thailand" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12928" name="Department of Agriculture" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">BK</collectionCode>
), plus specimens from the Hawaiian Islands (
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F07FFDCA10E8D9EFD80FB64" box="[525,596,1225,1249]" country="Uganda" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13539" name="Makerere University" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">MHU</collectionCode>
), Marquesas Islands (
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F07FFDCA0408D9EFC5EFB64" box="[835,906,1225,1249]" country="Uganda" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13539" name="Makerere University" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">MHU</collectionCode>
), Okinawa (
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F07FFDCA7138D9EFBEFFB64" box="[1040,1083,1225,1249]" country="Thailand" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12928" name="Department of Agriculture" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">BK</collectionCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA74C8D9EFB24FB64" box="[1103,1264,1225,1249]" name="Pitcairn Island" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pitcairn Island</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F07FFDCA7FC8D9EFAFCFB64" box="[1279,1320,1225,1249]" country="Thailand" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12928" name="Department of Agriculture" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">BK</collectionCode>
) and from the Indian Ocean (
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F07FFDCA2668DBAFE78FA80" box="[357,428,1261,1285]" country="Uganda" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13539" name="Makerere University" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">MHU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F07FFDCA3C48C46FE54FA10" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3C48C46FE54FA10" blockId="80.[151,1436,1189,1718]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3C48C46FE95FAAF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1297,1322]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Shell small for the genus, subcircular, stout, equivalve and equilateral. Umbones elevated. Surface sculpture consisting of strong commarginal lamellae. Hinge short and strong with two divergent cardinals in each valve, as well as anterior and posterior laterals. Very broad, but comparatively short ascending pallial sinus. Color white to pale yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F07FFDCA3C48CF6FAF9F9A0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3C48CF6FE5DF984" blockId="80.[151,1436,1189,1718]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3C48CF6FEEFFA3C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1441,1465]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA2758CF5FE45FA3C" box="[374,401,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">EI</emphasis>
specimens are just short of the maximum size of
<quantity id="4CA09B296F07FFDCA0CB8CF6FBCCFA3C" box="[968,1048,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
reported from
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA7C78CF6FAF9FA3C" box="[1220,1325,1441,1465]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and conform precisely to numerous specimens studied from the Mascarenes to
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA0B68C91FC2CFA58" box="[949,1016,1478,1501]" name="Japan" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Japan</collectingCountry>
, including the Marquesas Islands and the Hawaiian Islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3C48F5AFAF9F9A0" blockId="80.[151,1436,1189,1718]" box="[199,1325,1549,1574]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3C48F5AFEFEF9A3" bold="true" box="[199,298,1549,1574]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
Commonly found at many locations around
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA01C8F59FCEEF9A0" box="[799,826,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">EI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA0738F59FC4FF9A3" box="[880,923,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">SyG</emphasis>
, in sand and rubble, from
<quantity id="4CA09B296F07FFDCA7C08F5AFAFDF9A0" box="[1219,1321,1549,1573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">1050 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F07FFDCA3C48F66FA8CF930" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F07FFDCA3C48F66FA8CF930" blockId="80.[151,1436,1189,1718]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA3C48F66FEB4F9CF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1585,1610]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F07FFDCA26F8F66FDFDF9CC" baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[364,553,1585,1609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Semele" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA26F8F66FDFDF9CC" box="[364,553,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Semele australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known throughout the Indo-Pacific, ranging from the
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA7CE8F66FAEEF9CC" box="[1229,1338,1585,1609]" name="Mauritius" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA3948F01FF0DF9E8" box="[151,217,1622,1645]" name="Japan" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA3EB8F02FE73F9E8" box="[232,423,1621,1645]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA2B58F02FDF4F9E8" box="[438,544,1621,1645]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, Gambier Islands, Austral Islands, Society Islands, Loyalty Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA1108F2EFD7FF914" box="[531,683,1657,1681]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA1BA8F2EFCBFF914" box="[697,875,1657,1681]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pitcairn Islands</collectingCountry>
, and the Hawaiian Islands, as well as Easter and Salas y Gómez Islands. However, it has not been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F34F765C6F07FFDCA0658FC9FC28F930" box="[870,1020,1693,1717]" name="New Zealand" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
or the Kermadec Islands—
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F07FFDCA6338FC9FA85F933" bold="true" box="[1328,1361,1694,1718]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">E5</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>