2213 lines
245 KiB
XML
2213 lines
245 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3219.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fa772dc-c5b2-40c9-b28e-cd067ca9a3f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280223" checkinTime="1460447300036" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fikáček, Martin, Jia, Fenglong & Prokin, Alexander" docDate="2012" docId="03E687BAFFCFF316FF5EFDC1099CC243" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03219p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3219" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.3:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pachysternum Motschulsky 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFDFFFC2FFCCF318FFC9FFDB0C07C424" masterDocTitle="A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1678199402054" updateUser="tatiana">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Fikáček, Martin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Jia, Fenglong</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Prokin, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2012-03-02</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>3219</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>53</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3219.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3fa772dc-c5b2-40c9-b28e-cd067ca9a3f6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">280223</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6373679" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193838478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6373679" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687BAFFCFF316FF5EFDC1099CC243" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BAFFCFF316FF5EFDC1099CC243" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection box="[151,404,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,404,538,564]" box="[151,404,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,404,538,564]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,404,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8X7N4" authority="Motschulsky, 1863" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[230,404,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[230,404,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,609,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,297,609,634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body widely oval, sexually dimorphic in shape; males widely rounded in dorsal view, without pronouncing shoulders (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[442,565,645,669]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[494,524,645,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="52.0">52</number>
|
||
a, b
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[577,622,645,669]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<number box="[577,608,645,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); females more elongate, with pronouncing shoulders and elytra (rather) strongly narrowing posteriad (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[547,669,681,706]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[599,629,681,705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="52.0">52</number>
|
||
e, g
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[682,728,681,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<number box="[682,713,681,705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
d
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[943,1032,681,705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body coloration often with distinct pattern of pale reddish to yellowish and dark brown or black spots (in this case beetles appearing dark with pale pattern or pale with dark pattern according to the extent of pale/dark parts); in some species body more or less uniformly pale reddish to dark brown (see
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[593,725,790,813]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[593,725,790,813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[739,862,790,813]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coomani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[739,862,790,813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. coomani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[917,1043,790,813]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[917,1043,790,813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,609,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,267,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior margin of clypeus convex medially, strongly angulate laterally, bearing rather wide and very distinct rim. Frontoclypeal sutures angulate, lateral portions very distinct as transverse ridges arising above antennal bases and reaching submedially, median portions weakly developed or totally missing. Median portion of frons not elevated above lateral portions. Eyes moderately large, separated by
|
||
<number box="[968,1010,933,957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6</number>
|
||
× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Labrum membraneous, partly concealed by clypeus. Maxillary palpomere
|
||
<number box="[1004,1018,969,993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
club-like, strongly widened distally, palpomere
|
||
<number box="[279,321,1005,1029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4</number>
|
||
thin, palpomere
|
||
<number box="[520,534,1005,1029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
spindle-like (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[694,767,1005,1029]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[750,767,1005,1029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); maxilla of male with sucking disc (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1203,1316,1005,1029]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,267,1041,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) transverse, ca.
|
||
<number box="[450,486,1041,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2.5">2.5</number>
|
||
× as wide as long; lateral margin angulate slightly before posterolateral corner; anterior margin slightly concave medially, anterolateral corners rounded; transverse groove lying along anterior margin present medially; punctation consisting of coarse shallow punctures elongate anteriad and therefore forming low longitudinal ridges in anterior portion. Submentum densely pubescent, ridges arising from posterior margin of maxillary groove absent. Posterior tentorial pits present, minute; gular sutures weakly developed, slightly diverging posteriad; gula carinate medially in posterior portion, bearing coarse setiferous punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1171,1241,1221,1245]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1224,1241,1221,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna with
|
||
<number box="[1422,1436,1221,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
antennomeres (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[322,390,1257,1281]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[374,390,1257,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); scapus strongly arcuate, bearing a distinct longitudinal ridge dorsally; pedicel ca. as long as antennomere
|
||
<number box="[305,320,1293,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
, antennomeres
|
||
<number box="[501,542,1293,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
|
||
gradually decreasing in length; cupula small; antennal club compact, densely pubescent, widely rounded at apex, lacking any fields of special sensorial structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,609,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,321,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prothorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum arcuate on posterior margin, shallowly bisinuate on anterior margin; lateral portions deflexed and therefore seen ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[585,653,1401,1425]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[638,653,1401,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), false pronotal margin absent, lateral margin of pronotum angular in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[305,378,1437,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[362,378,1437,1461]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotal punctation consisting of large shallow punctures intermixed among fine ground punctation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[284,421,1473,1497]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[347,421,1473,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Series of large punctures along posterior margin present. Prosternum highly elevated into a subpentagonal plate medially (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[530,655,1509,1533]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[598,655,1509,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), the plate sharply to indistinctly carinate medially, bearing coarse punctures; anterior margin of prosternum constricted just laterally of the plate, deep pits laterally of lateral margins of the plate present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[392,463,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[447,463,1581,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennal grooves very distinct, large, laterally reaching deflexed lateral margin of pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[276,344,1617,1641]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[330,344,1617,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Profurcal arms short, reaching ca. ventral third of prothoracic height, leaf-like, strongly asymmetrical in shape, protruding of the posterior foramen of prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[922,992,1653,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[975,992,1653,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional ridge below posterior pronotal margin present, very distinct, reaching lateral margin of hypomeron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,609,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,340,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mesothorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoventrite much shorter than metaventrite, distinctly inclined and therefore not lying in the same plane as mesepimera (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[464,547,1761,1785]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[516,547,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median portion of mesoventrite elevated into preepisternal plate, the plate triangular in shape, slightly wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[635,773,1797,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[699,773,1797,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), bearing very distinct rim on anterolateral margins; posterior margin of the plate widely contacting metaventral process. Grooves for reception of procoxae developed, large, reaching anterior margin of mesocoxal cavities (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[702,787,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[756,787,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesepimeron with very distinct oblique ridge laterally. Mesocoxal cavities widely isolated from each other. Mesofurca not examined. Scutellar shield triangular, slightly longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[355,438,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[407,438,1941,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="23.0">23</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytron with
|
||
<number box="[606,634,1941,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
elytral series; all elytral intervals of the same height; lateral portions of elytron not deflexed. Epipleuron totally missing except very basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1871,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,326,1871,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 1–11.</emphasis>
|
||
General morphology of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[642,787,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,787,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1: mentum of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[943,1105,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1105,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2: maxillary palpus of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. n i g ro - vittatum</emphasis>
|
||
; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[617,779,1903,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[617,779,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 4: head of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[899,1020,1903,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[899,1020,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventral view; 5: antenna of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1308,1426,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. c u r v a t u m</emphasis>
|
||
; 6–8: prothorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[341,505,1934,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[341,505,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9–11: prosternal plate (9:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. h a e m o rrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
, 10:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[268,381,1965,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,381,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 11:
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,585,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
P,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[456,585,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesicum">sulawesicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1863,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,342,1863,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 12–25.</emphasis>
|
||
General morphology of the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[705,850,1864,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,850,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 12–14: pronotal punctation (12:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1199,1369,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1199,1365,1865,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">P. nigrovittatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
13:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 14:
|
||
<emphasis box="[346,457,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. r u g o s u m</emphasis>
|
||
); 15: meso- and metathorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[784,946,1896,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[784,946,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventral view; 16–19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[323,491,1925,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[323,491,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 17:
|
||
<emphasis box="[543,695,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. s u l a w e s i c u m</emphasis>
|
||
, 18:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[750,869,1926,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,869,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 19:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[922,1036,1926,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[922,1036,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 20–21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[617,778,1957,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[617,778,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 21:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[829,997,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[829,997,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 22: elytral punctation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1428,1957,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1428,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 23: scutellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[322,484,1987,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,484,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 24: anterior leg of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[685,847,1987,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[685,847,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 25: abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1025,1187,1987,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovitattum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1025,1187,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrovitattum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[154,1436,187,727]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,735,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,339,735,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 26–28.</emphasis>
|
||
Characters of male genitalia of possible phylogenetic significance (a: detail of apex, b: detail of basal struts). 26: median lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[359,530,768,790]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[359,530,768,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 27: median lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[754,851,768,790]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[754,851,768,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 28: apical portion of the aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1265,1430,769,790]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1430,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: lr: lateral rim.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,337,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metathorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Metaventrite (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[504,586,859,883]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[558,586,859,883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) without elevate median portion; metaventral process wide, widely attaching posterior margin of preepisternal elevation of mesothorax. Anterior margin of metaventrite with distinct anterior ridge lying subparallel to posterior margin of mesocoxal cavity, defining rather wide marginal bead, but disappearing submedially. Femoral lines developed, complete, reaching anterolateral corners of metaventrite. Anepisternum extremely narrow anteriorly, slightly widening posteriad (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[970,1054,998,1022]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1023,1054,998,1022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metafurca Y-shaped, basal stalk ca. as long as arms, nearly parallel-sided, bearing high median carina; lateral arms long, narrow, lateral extensions of furcal arm rather large.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,259,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Procoxa without ventral ridge; ventral surface of anterior femur bearing very coarse and rather shallow punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[274,358,1136,1160]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[326,358,1136,1160]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="24.0">24</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior tibia variable in shape, in some species bisinuate on outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1209,1346,1136,1160]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1272,1346,1136,1160]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="44.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="39.0">39–49</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoand metacoxa deeply excised on posterior margin, with dense pubescence developed only basally; ventral surface of meso- and metafemur with sparse semierect setae; meso- and metatibiae widened apically, bearing longitudinal rows of stout spines and some intermixed fine setae on ventral surface, distal margin with a series of stout spines and two long inner spurs; metatarsus shorter than metatibia, bearing dense brushes of thin setae ventrally, metatarsomere
|
||
<number box="[239,253,1310,1334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
ca as long as metatarsomere
|
||
<number box="[581,598,1310,1334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
. Claws arcuate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,305,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
with five exposed ventrites, ventrite
|
||
<number box="[721,735,1344,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
carinate medially, bearing dense and coarse setiferous punctation, lacking sublateral longitudinal ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[639,723,1379,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[692,723,1379,1403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="25.0">25</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Punctation on ventrites
|
||
<number box="[1008,1051,1379,1403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5</number>
|
||
much finer than on ventrite
|
||
<number box="[1369,1384,1379,1403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,363,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[199,257,1414,1438]" name="Malta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Phallobase as long as parameres or distinctly longer, with or without distinct basal manubrium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,298,1448,1472]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29–32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33–35" captionStart-2="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 29–32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. ca rdo ni, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." captionText-1="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." captionText-2="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[222,252,1448,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="33.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="29.0">29</number>
|
||
–38
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,a). Median lobe ca. as long as phallobase and parameres combined, not attached to bases of parameres and therefore freely movable within tegmen; gonopore subapical, rather indistinct. Sternite
|
||
<number box="[1222,1236,1483,1507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
with tongue-like median process of variable shape. Sternite
|
||
<number box="[630,644,1518,1542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
without median projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,394,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
corresponding to those of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Balfour-Browne 1939" authorityName="Balfour-Browne" authorityYear="1939" box="[835,1179,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Kanala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,917,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kanala</emphasis>
|
||
Balfour-Browne
|
||
<number box="[1123,1179,1552,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1939.0">1939</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek" firstAuthor="Fikacek" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="365" refId="ref41605" refString="Fikacek, M. (2010) HYDROPHILIDAE: The genus Kanala Balfour-Browne (Coleoptera). In: Jach, M. A. & Balke M. (eds.) Water Beetles of New Caledonia, volume 1. Monographs of Coleoptera 3, 365 - 394." type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Fikáček (
|
||
<number box="[159,221,1587,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,349,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
The Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[607,767,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,767,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be easily distinguished from remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1288,1436,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera by the combination of the following characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[209,221,1691,1715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) Pronotum with two sizes of punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[673,810,1691,1715]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[736,810,1691,1715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): small ground punctation is intermixed with sparser but much larger and more apparent punctures. [A similar kind of punctation also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Orchymont, 1926" authorityName="Orchymont" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pseudocercyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1124,1294,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudocercyon</emphasis>
|
||
Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[151,210,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[223,543,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Australocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilocnemoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[223,543,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australocyon pilocnemoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hebauer, 2002" authorityName="Hebauer" authorityYear="2002" box="[633,1074,1760,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cercyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversipunctus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,899,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cercyon diversipunctus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hebauer, F." box="[908,1074,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="3 - 24" refId="ref42136" refString="Hebauer, F. (2002 a) New Hydrophilidae of the Old World (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea). Acta Coleopterologica 18, 3, 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Hebauer,
|
||
<number box="[1018,1074,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2002.0">2002</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mulsant, 1844" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cryptopleurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptopleurum</emphasis>
|
||
Mulsant,
|
||
<number box="[309,368,1795,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1844.0">1844</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all of them may be distinguished by the characters below].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[207,222,1830,1854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
) Antennal grooves large, reaching to lateral margin of hypomeron (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[977,1045,1830,1854]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1029,1045,1830,1854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). [This character distinguish Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,311,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,311,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all taxa mentioned under (
|
||
<number box="[674,686,1864,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) except of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[814,985,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cryptopleurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[814,985,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptopleurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,859,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[208,222,1899,1923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
) Preepisternal elevation of mesothorax triangular, only slightly wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1127,1264,1899,1923]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1189,1264,1899,1923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). [The shape of the elevation distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[453,613,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,613,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all taxa mentioned under (
|
||
<number box="[976,988,1934,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
). Wide preepisternal plate is also developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[241,412,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cryptopleurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[241,412,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptopleurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which it is much wider than long and pentagonal rather than triangular, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Australocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilocnemoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australocyon pilocnemoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, in which it is bluntly arcuate rather than sharply pointed apically.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[207,222,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
) Median portion of the prosternum elevated into prosternal plate, which is finely but distinctly carinate medially (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[265,388,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. General morphology of Asian Pachysternum. 1: mentum of P. nigrovittatum; 2: maxillary palpus of P. n i g ro - vittatum; 3: maxillary sucking disc of male of P. nigrovittatum; 4: head of P. curvatum, ventral view; 5: antenna of P. c u r v a t u m; 6 – 8: prothorax of P. nigrovittatum (6: posterior view, 7: lateral view, 8: ventral view); 9 – 11: prosternal plate (9: P. h a e m o rrhoum, 10: P. rugosum, 11: P, sulawesicum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280224/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[329,388,186,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). [There is no prosternal plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[766,936,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pseudocercyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[766,936,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudocercyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[993,1087,187,210]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cercyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1087,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cercyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the plate is developed but not carinate medially in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[390,561,221,245]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cryptopleurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,561,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cryptopleurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[610,932,221,245]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Australocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilocnemoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[610,932,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australocyon pilocnemoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the median portion of prosternum is rather similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[264,424,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,424,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the first view].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,415,290,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
|
||
The Asian species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[786,946,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[786,946,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were placed into the formal
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek" box="[507,679,324,349]" firstAuthor="Fikacek" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="149" refId="ref41492" refString="Fikacek, M. (2006) Contributions to the taxonomy of the genera Pachysternum and Cyrtonion (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Sphaeridiinae). Biologia (Bratislava) 61, 2, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Fikáček (
|
||
<number box="[610,671,325,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2006.0">2006</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who considered all Asian species as highly similar in the morphology of male genitalia and the presence of the sexual dimorphism in the body shape. The detailed examination of all Asian species revealed that this is valid for all species from the Oriental region, but not for the Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which differs from the Oriental species in several aspects. The monophyly of the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1276,1436,429,453]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1276,1436,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs therefore to be tested, which was currently impossible for us as the taxonomy of the Afrotropical species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[283,443,499,523]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[283,443,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unsolved. No formal phylogenetic analysis is performed here and we therefore refrain from a redefinition of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[405,586,534,557]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[405,586,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in this paper. Below, the characters of possible phylogenetic importance are only briefly discussed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,637,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<number box="[151,166,637,661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
. Phallobase of the aedeagus: (0) with large, asymmetrical and very distinctly detached manubrium; (
|
||
<number box="[1290,1302,637,661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) with small basal manubrium or manubrium absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,637,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The basal portion of the phallobase is only slightly symmetrical and does not bear any distinctly detached manubrium in all Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[375,535,741,765]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[375,535,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[638,816,741,765]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29–32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33–35" captionStart-2="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 29–32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. ca rdo ni, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." captionText-1="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." captionText-2="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Figs. 29, 30–
|
||
<number box="[788,816,741,765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, a) except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[936,1122,741,765]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,1122,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the manubrium is large and very distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[427,512,775,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[482,512,775,799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="31.0">31</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a). The Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mulsant, 1844" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1844" box="[750,1046,775,800]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,871,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. capense</emphasis>
|
||
Mulsant,
|
||
<number box="[990,1046,775,799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1844.0">1844</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as most other taxa of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,305,812,835]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,305,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megasternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of genera (i.e. those having large antennal grooves reaching lateral margin of hypomeron, see Hansen (
|
||
<number box="[251,309,845,869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek" box="[372,552,844,869]" firstAuthor="Fikacek" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="27 - 35" refId="ref41565" refString="Fikacek, M. (2008) A new species of the genus Cyrtonion (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Megasternini) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48, 27 - 35." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Fikáček (
|
||
<number box="[476,534,845,869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
))
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
bear a very distinct asymmetrical manubrium, which suggests that the character state (
|
||
<number box="[256,268,879,903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) might be a synapomorphy of all Oriental species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[866,1026,880,904]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,1026,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[151,1390,949,974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,949,1147]" box="[151,1390,949,974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<number box="[151,168,949,973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
. Apex of the paramere: (0) with two minute setae; (
|
||
<number box="[748,760,949,973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) with one long and thick seta, and one very minute one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,949,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Two apical setae are present on the paramere apex of all
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,1002,984,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,1002,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined. In all Asian species except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,337,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,337,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the apical seta is very long and rather stout (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[856,941,1018,1042]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,735,758]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,187,727]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,187,728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 28. Characters of male genitalia of possible phylogenetic significance (a: detail of apex, b: detail of basal struts). 26: median lobe of P. haemorrhoum; 27: median lobe of P. kubani; 28: apical portion of the aedeagus of P. nigrovittatum. Abbreviations: lr: lateral rim." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280226/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[909,941,1018,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="28.0">28</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[993,1179,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1179,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both setae are minute only (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[218,303,1053,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[273,303,1053,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="31.0">31</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[339,656,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,656,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum haemorhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the character state (0) with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1062,1182,1054,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1062,1182,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as with many other taxa of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[339,493,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,493,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megasternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of genera (see character
|
||
<number box="[844,858,1087,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
for the definition of the group), and the large apical setae might therefore be a synapomorphy of the Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[791,951,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[791,951,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1191,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<number box="[151,167,1191,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
. Basal part of struts of the median lobe: (0) expanded but not divided into a separate sclerite; (
|
||
<number box="[1289,1301,1191,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) hook-like, divided into a separate sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1191,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Basal part of the struts of the median lobe is divided into a separate sclerite of the hook-like shape in all Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[185,345,1296,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,345,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[360,442,1295,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,735,758]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,187,727]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,187,728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 28. Characters of male genitalia of possible phylogenetic significance (a: detail of apex, b: detail of basal struts). 26: median lobe of P. haemorrhoum; 27: median lobe of P. kubani; 28: apical portion of the aedeagus of P. nigrovittatum. Abbreviations: lr: lateral rim." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280226/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[412,442,1295,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="27.0">27</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b), whereas the basal part is only expanded but not divided in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1311,1296,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1311,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1326,1409,1295,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,735,758]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,187,727]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,187,728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 28. Characters of male genitalia of possible phylogenetic significance (a: detail of apex, b: detail of basal struts). 26: median lobe of P. haemorrhoum; 27: median lobe of P. kubani; 28: apical portion of the aedeagus of P. nigrovittatum. Abbreviations: lr: lateral rim." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280226/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1378,1409,1295,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="26.0">26</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b). The character state (
|
||
<number box="[387,399,1330,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) is unique for the Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[720,880,1331,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[720,880,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was not observed in any other taxon of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,299,1365,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined so far (basal portion is never divided into a separate sclerite in other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1210,1358,1365,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined, even though they may be hook-shaped (see, e.g., the median lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Regimbart, 1903" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1903" box="[1003,1405,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cercyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dieganus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1207,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cercyon dieganus</emphasis>
|
||
Régimbart,
|
||
<quantity box="[1349,1405,1399,1423]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83362" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1903.0">1903</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek" box="[151,334,1433,1458]" firstAuthor="Fikacek" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref41447" refString="Fikacek, M. (2005) Taxonomic revision of the Cercyon (Arcocercyon) dieganus species group (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae). Bulletin de l ' Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 75, 79 - 102." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Fikáček (
|
||
<number box="[255,315,1434,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005.0">2005</number>
|
||
))
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1503,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<number box="[151,168,1503,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
. Apical portion of the median lobe: (0) at most with very narrow membranous lobes; (
|
||
<number box="[1142,1154,1503,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) with large membranous lobes forming a wide rim of the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1503,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Only narrow membranous rim are present in Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[931,1091,1573,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[931,1091,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1110,1195,1573,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,735,758]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,187,727]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,187,728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 28. Characters of male genitalia of possible phylogenetic significance (a: detail of apex, b: detail of basal struts). 26: median lobe of P. haemorrhoum; 27: median lobe of P. kubani; 28: apical portion of the aedeagus of P. nigrovittatum. Abbreviations: lr: lateral rim." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280226/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1166,1195,1573,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="27.0">27</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a) except
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the membranous parts are wide and the apex of the median lobe is therefore widely rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,735,758]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,187,727]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,187,728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 28. Characters of male genitalia of possible phylogenetic significance (a: detail of apex, b: detail of basal struts). 26: median lobe of P. haemorrhoum; 27: median lobe of P. kubani; 28: apical portion of the aedeagus of P. nigrovittatum. Abbreviations: lr: lateral rim." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280226/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[151,182,1642,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="26.0">26</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Only small membranous lobes are usually developed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[882,1033,1642,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this character is highly variable on the species level in some cases (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek, M. & Hebauer, F. & Hansen, M." box="[600,816,1676,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref41703" refString="Fikacek, M., Hebauer, F. & Hansen, M. (2009) Taxonomic revision of New World species of the genus Oosternum Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) I. Definition of species groups and revision of the Oosternum aequinoctiale group. Zootaxa 2054, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Fikáček
|
||
<emphasis box="[695,751,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<number box="[757,816,1677,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2009.0">2009</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek, M. & Hebauer, F. & Hansen, M." box="[827,1113,1676,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref41703" refString="Fikacek, M., Hebauer, F. & Hansen, M. (2009) Taxonomic revision of New World species of the genus Oosternum Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) I. Definition of species groups and revision of the Oosternum aequinoctiale group. Zootaxa 2054, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Fikáček & Hebauer
|
||
<number box="[1053,1113,1677,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2009.0">2009</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Relevance of this character is therefore unclear at present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1781,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<number box="[151,168,1781,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
. Lateral portion of the metaventrite (lying laterad of the femoral lines): (0) with moderately coarse punctation and shiny interstices, similar to median portion of the metavetrnite; (
|
||
<number box="[885,897,1815,1839]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) with coarse punctation and dense pubescence, therefore of different appearance than the median portion of the metaventrite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1919,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,210]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Lateral portions of the metaventrite bears the coarse setiferous sculpture in all Oriental species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[215,299,1954,1978]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[268,299,1954,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="20.0">20</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), but fine punctation and shiny interstices in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[805,991,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,991,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1006,1090,1954,1978]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1059,1090,1954,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The state present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds with the condition found in
|
||
<emphasis box="[709,823,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. c a pe n s e</emphasis>
|
||
. However, the appearance is rather variable in various genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[311,465,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Megasternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,465,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megasternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (see character
|
||
<number box="[716,730,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
for the definition of the group) and its relevance is therefore unclear at present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[151,1292,255,279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,255,454]" box="[151,1292,255,279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<number box="[151,168,255,279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
. Deep pits in posterolateral margins of the preepisternal plate of mesothorax: (0) absent; (
|
||
<number box="[1174,1186,255,279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,255,454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The appearance of the preepisternal plate of the mesothorax is very uniform in all Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1203,1363,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1363,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[151,224,325,349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the species differ in the presence/absence of deep pits in its posterolateral corners: pits are missing in all Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[258,418,360,384]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,418,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except of those assigned here to the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[832,964,361,384]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,964,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1189,1321,361,384]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1189,1321,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. c ur v a - tum</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[247,415,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,415,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[430,513,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[482,513,394,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). No pits are developed in the Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[999,1117,396,419]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[999,1117,396,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the presence of the pits may therefore be a possible synapomorphy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[710,842,430,453]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[710,842,430,453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,498,557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<number box="[151,168,499,522]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
. Sexual dimorphism in body shape (males widely rounded, females more elongate with distinctly pronounced shoulder): (0) absent; (
|
||
<number box="[408,420,533,557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" targetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,1975,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,340,1975,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 29–32.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[590,735,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[590,735,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29:
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,354,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. c a rd o n i</emphasis>
|
||
, 30:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[409,520,2007,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coomani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[409,520,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. coomani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 31:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[572,740,2006,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,740,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 32:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[792,954,2007,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovitattum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[792,954,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. nigrovitattum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" targetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1686,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,340,1686,1709]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
FIGURES
|
||
<number box="[270,335,1687,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33–35</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[346,398,1686,1708]" name="Malta" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[590,735,1687,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[590,735,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<number box="[748,777,1687,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[786,880,1687,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[786,880,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a–c, f:
|
||
<typeStatus box="[963,1055,1686,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[308,360,1721,1742]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[806,858,1721,1742]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite
|
||
<number box="[526,541,1754,1776]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
);
|
||
<number box="[561,590,1754,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="34.0">34</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[601,706,1754,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,706,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite
|
||
<number box="[1408,1423,1754,1776]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
);
|
||
<number box="[151,180,1786,1808]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[189,343,1787,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,343,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. sulawesicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite
|
||
<number box="[1076,1091,1787,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,1856,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism in the body shape is not known in any other Megasternine taxa and seems to be unique for the Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[381,541,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[381,541,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; at the same time it seems to be the only character supporting the monophyly of all Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[263,423,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[263,423,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[548,736,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,736,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, the extent of the difference between the shapes of male and female varies both intra- and interspecifically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" targetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1436,1738,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,339,1738,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
FIGURES
|
||
<number box="[269,334,1739,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="37.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="36.0">36–38</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[344,396,1739,1761]" name="Malta" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[664,782,1740,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[664,782,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<number box="[887,916,1739,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[925,1043,1740,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,1043,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[718,813,1772,1794]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite
|
||
<number box="[417,432,1806,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
);
|
||
<number box="[451,480,1806,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[490,607,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. c u r v a t u m</emphasis>
|
||
(a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite
|
||
<number box="[1344,1359,1806,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
);
|
||
<number box="[1378,1407,1806,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite
|
||
<number box="[1011,1026,1839,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1436,1939,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,343,1939,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 39–50.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior tibia of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[601,746,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,746,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. 39:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[885,1007,1941,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[885,1007,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40:
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,389,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. c u r v a t u m</emphasis>
|
||
, 41:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[443,595,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[443,595,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 42:
|
||
<emphasis box="[646,746,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. c a rd o n i</emphasis>
|
||
; 43:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[800,911,1974,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coomani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[800,911,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. coomani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 44:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[962,1129,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,1129,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 45:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1180,1273,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1273,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 46:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 47:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[260,373,2010,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[260,373,2010,2031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 48:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[425,529,2010,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,529,2010,2031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 49:
|
||
<emphasis box="[581,732,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. s u l a w e s i c u m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,325,151,177]" box="[151,325,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,325,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,325,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">List of species</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky, 1863" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,502,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,282,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky" box="[289,502,222,246]" firstAuthor="Motschulsky" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="122 - 185" refId="ref42518" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1863) Essai d'un Catalogue des insectes d'Ile Ceylan. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 32, 2 (1), 122 - 185 + 357 - 410." type="journal article" year="1863">
|
||
Motschulsky,
|
||
<number box="[446,502,222,246]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1863.0">1863</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,688,222,246]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Hainan),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[826,935,222,246]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sumatra, Mentawai Isl., Java, Lombok, Sulawesi),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[745,802,259,282]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[813,916,258,282]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(peninsular part,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1113,1212,258,282]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sabah),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1315,1431,258,282]" name="Singapore" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,723,294,318]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[734,829,294,318]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" box="[151,1380,330,355]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="d'Orchymont, 1926" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,492,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,264,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. cardoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orchymont, A." box="[271,492,330,354]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="201" refId="ref42865" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 a) Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 66, 201 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926">
|
||
d’Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[436,492,330,354]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,691,330,354]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[847,907,330,354]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1022,1092,330,354]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1103,1160,331,354]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1274,330,354]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1285,1380,330,354]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="d'Orchymont, 1926" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,502,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coomani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,274,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. coomani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orchymont, A." box="[282,502,366,390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="201" refId="ref42865" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 a) Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 66, 201 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926">
|
||
d’Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[446,502,366,390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,679,366,390]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Manipur),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[828,939,367,391]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[957,1059,366,390]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1077,1175,366,390]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1193,1296,366,390]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(peninsular part)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" box="[151,1049,438,463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="d'Orchymont, 1925" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,512,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,284,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. curvatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orchymont" box="[291,512,438,462]" firstAuthor="d'Orchymont" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="200" refId="ref42838" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1925) Hydrophilides des Iles Philippines. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 65, 200 - 202." type="journal article" year="1925">
|
||
d’Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[456,512,438,462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1925.0">1925</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,747,438,462]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Luzon, Leyte, Mindanao)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky, 1866" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,556,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,336,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky" box="[343,556,474,498]" firstAuthor="Motschulsky" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="163 - 200" refId="ref42557" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1866) Catalogue des Insectes recus du Japon. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 39, 1 (1), 163 - 200." type="journal article" year="1866">
|
||
Motschulsky,
|
||
<number box="[500,556,474,498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1866.0">1866</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,754,474,498]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[772,883,474,498]" name="Mongolia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[902,977,474,498]" name="Russia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Far East, southern Siberia, Sakhalin, Kuril Isl.), northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[847,917,510,534]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[928,999,511,534]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1010,1074,511,534]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" box="[151,975,546,571]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,254,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,254,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,351,547,571]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[261,351,547,571]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[723,780,547,570]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[791,858,546,570]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sichuan)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" box="[151,1436,582,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky, 1863" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,549,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,329,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Motschulsky" box="[337,549,582,606]" firstAuthor="Motschulsky" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="122 - 185" refId="ref42518" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1863) Essai d'un Catalogue des insectes d'Ile Ceylan. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 32, 2 (1), 122 - 185 + 357 - 410." type="journal article" year="1863">
|
||
Motschulsky,
|
||
<number box="[493,549,582,606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1863.0">1863</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,691,582,606]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[708,768,582,606]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[787,906,582,606]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1033,1103,582,606]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1120,1177,583,606]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1195,1312,582,606]" name="Singapore" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1329,1431,582,606]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,719,618,642]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[730,833,618,642]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(peninsular part),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1039,1148,618,642]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sumatra, Sumba)
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,276,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,276,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[283,373,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[283,373,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,688,654,678]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gansu, Shaanxi)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" box="[151,929,690,715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,319,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandacanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,319,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. sandacanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[327,416,691,715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[327,416,691,715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,724,690,714]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sabah,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[823,921,690,714]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="d'Orchymont, 1926" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,495,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,267,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orchymont, A." box="[274,495,726,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="201" refId="ref42865" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 a) Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 66, 201 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926">
|
||
d’Orchymont,
|
||
<number box="[439,495,726,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,691,726,750]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[998,1058,726,750]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1173,1243,726,750]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1254,1311,727,750]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1322,1417,726,750]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fikacek, 2006" authorityName="Fikacek" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,487,761,787]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,321,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. sulawesicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fikacek" box="[328,487,761,786]" firstAuthor="Fikacek" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="149" refId="ref41492" refString="Fikacek, M. (2006) Contributions to the taxonomy of the genera Pachysternum and Cyrtonion (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Sphaeridiinae). Biologia (Bratislava) 61, 2, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Fikáček,
|
||
<number box="[431,487,762,786]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2006.0">2006</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[621,730,762,786]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sulawesi)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,417,871,896]" box="[151,417,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,417,871,896]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,417,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,941,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[390,550,941,965]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,550,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pachysternum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rather uniform in most external characters. The characters varying between the species and therefore useful for identification are often quite variable even intraspecifically, which makes the identification rather difficult in many cases. Therefore, diagnostic characters are briefly commented here to make the understanding of their importance and pitfalls easier to the reader.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,941,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,619,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">General habitus and body coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. General habitus and the coloration of dorsal side are rather reliable for the identification, but their using usually requires some experience and/or comparison with correctly identified specimens. Shape of the elytra varies to variable extent between male and female of the same species in most taxa, which may be confusing when body shape is used as a diagnostic criterion. Shape of the elytra in females may moreover vary even within a single species, with shoulders being more or less pronounced (the highest variation in this aspect was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[460,591,1266,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[460,591,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[644,822,1266,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[644,822,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Coloration of dorsal surface is a very useful diagnostic character, but may be extremely variable intraspecifically. The intraspecific variation is described under each species below, and we also tried to cover it by the habitus photographs published within this paper (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1256,1349,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1360,1391,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1401,1431,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="23.[151,250,790,813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,197,757]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[146,1431,186,774]" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pachysternum coomani, general habitus (a, c–d: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Malaysia, Kedah (male); c: same locality (female); d: Thailand, Phetchabun (male)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,182,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[193,224,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="29.[151,250,884,907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1400,203,831]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,861]" captionText="FIGURE 58. Pachysternum haemorrhoum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Russia, Pompeyevka env." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">58</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[235,265,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">60</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[277,307,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1041,1064]" captionTargetBox="[276,1325,181,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[244,1346,155,1027]" captionText="FIGURE 62. Pachysternum nigrovittatum, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: China, Guangxi; c–d: India, Nilgiri Hills; e: India, Goa; f–g: Laos, Ban Nape." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">62</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[319,349,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[185,1291,192,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[184,1341,168,1102]" captionText="FIGURE 64. Pachysternum rugosum, general habitus (a: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Locality of the specimens: a–b: China, Gansu (paratype, female)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">64</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[361,392,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="40.[151,250,937,960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,210,890]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,916]" captionText="FIGURE 66. Pachysternum sandacanum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Borneo, Sabah, Trus Madi Mt. (paratypes, males)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[403,433,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[213,1370,193,1056]" captionText="FIGURE 68. Pachysternum stevensi, general habitus (a, c–h: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: Vietnam, Buon Luoi; c, e–f: India, Tamil Nadu; d: India, Almora; g: China, Guigang City; h: China, Fengkai (paratype of P. nigritum, male)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<number box="[445,477,1373,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="70.0">70</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,941,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,462,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Shape of anterior tibia.</emphasis>
|
||
The shape the anterior tibia is a very useful character (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1083,1222,1409,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1147,1222,1409,1433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="44.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="39.0">39–49</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outer margin of the tibia may be either continually arcuate, or slightly angulate at midlength (the median portion is more or less straight instead of being arcuate in such cases), or bears a distinct but usually shallow emargination (the outer margin is bisinuate in such cases). The shape is invariable in most species except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1027,1159,1518,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1027,1159,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the appearance of the series of spines on the outer margin of protibia may be used for the identification – it is either continuous (e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[372,487,1589,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,487,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. cardoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[503,629,1590,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coomani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,629,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. coomani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[687,860,1589,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,860,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. sulawesicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or interrupted by a wider gap without any spines (e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[239,344,1625,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,344,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[359,539,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[359,539,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[555,673,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,673,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In few species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[934,1067,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[934,1067,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), this character is however variable and both continuous and interrupted series of spines may be present in various specimens of the same species. Teratologic malformation of the protibial spines was observed in one specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1141,1250,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1250,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the spines are extremely reduced in this specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,941,2009]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,539,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Morphology of male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[545,602,1769,1793]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[720,855,1769,1793]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29–32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33–35" captionStart-2="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 29–32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. ca rdo ni, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." captionText-1="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." captionText-2="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[783,811,1769,1793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="33.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="29.0">29</number>
|
||
–38
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) are very uniform in most species, and only those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,336,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,336,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be easily distinguished from the remaining species even without any detailed examination. In spite of that, the shape of the median lobe provides useful characters in some cases, with the differences found usually in its general shape and/or the shape of its apical portion. The reliable examination of these characters, however, requires mounting the median lobe separately from the tegmen. The shape of the sternite
|
||
<number box="[1334,1348,1913,1937]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
differs considerably between the species (it may be either entire or bear a more or less deep V-shaped emargination apically). Although the shape is rather constant in most species, a wide variation was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1244,1363,1986,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1244,1363,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[151,179,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="34.0">34</number>
|
||
d–e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[284,388,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,388,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[405,535,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[470,496,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
f–h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and may possibly concern other species as well (although we did not observe any variation in specimens examined for this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,474,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Meso- and metaventrite.</emphasis>
|
||
The shape of the preepisternal elevation of the mesothorax is very similar in all species treated in this paper, but varies considerably in the presence/absence of slightly depressed areas and/or deep pits in posterolateral corner of the elevation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[654,792,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[718,792,295,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Reliable examination of this character is, however, very difficult using an usual binocular microscope and it is therefore useless for identification. The appearance of the lateral portions of the metaventrite (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[570,708,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[636,708,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) provides a good character for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1247,1435,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1247,1435,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all remaining species, but is otherwise uniform in all Oriental species (see under
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1115,1300,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1115,1300,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,637,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microsculpture of dorsal body surface.</emphasis>
|
||
The presence/absence of the mesh-like microsculpture was used in the key by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orchymont" box="[242,471,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="201" refId="ref42865" refString="d'Orchymont, A. (1926 a) Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 66, 201 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Orchymont (
|
||
<number box="[389,450,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1926.0">1926</number>
|
||
a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although it may be helpful in some cases (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1061,1179,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1061,1179,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. cardoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually bears distinct microsculpture, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[435,540,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[435,540,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually lacks it), the character is very variable in most species examined (i.e., the microsculpture may be completely absent or very strongly developed in various specimens of the same species). The only exception seems to be
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[583,700,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,700,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which a strong microsculpture is always present and no variation was observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,371,727,753]" box="[151,371,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,371,727,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,371,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Identification key</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,798,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Because of the scarcity of useful diagnostic characters and their considerable variability within species, the identification may be rather problematic in some cases. We recommend to use the following sequence for the identification: (
|
||
<number box="[219,231,870,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) compare your specimen with the photographs of dorsal habitus; (
|
||
<number box="[971,986,870,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
) check the shape of anterior tibia for the species similar to your specimens by general habitus and coloration; (
|
||
<number box="[940,954,906,930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
) use the following key to confirm the preliminary identification and separate between similarly looking species (the key counts with the intraspecific variability and some species are therefore keyed several times); (
|
||
<number box="[874,890,978,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
) check carefully the differential diagnosis and variation of the species you decided for in steps
|
||
<number box="[691,736,1014,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="key">
|
||
<key lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[151,164,1086,1107]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
. Pronotal disc uniformly dark (without pale submedian spots in posterior half), only lateral margins of the pronotum narrowly to widely pale (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[372,452,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[462,488,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="23.[151,250,790,813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,197,757]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[146,1431,186,774]" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pachysternum coomani, general habitus (a, c–d: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Malaysia, Kedah (male); c: same locality (female); d: Thailand, Phetchabun (male)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[497,523,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[533,559,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="29.[151,250,884,907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1400,203,831]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,861]" captionText="FIGURE 58. Pachysternum haemorrhoum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Russia, Pompeyevka env." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">58</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[568,625,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[568,593,1116,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
d–i
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[634,660,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[185,1291,192,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[184,1341,168,1102]" captionText="FIGURE 64. Pachysternum rugosum, general habitus (a: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Locality of the specimens: a–b: China, Gansu (paratype, female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">64</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[670,696,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="40.[151,250,937,960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,210,890]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,916]" captionText="FIGURE 66. Pachysternum sandacanum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Borneo, Sabah, Trus Madi Mt. (paratypes, males)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[705,731,1116,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[213,1370,193,1056]" captionText="FIGURE 68. Pachysternum stevensi, general habitus (a, c–h: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: Vietnam, Buon Luoi; c, e–f: India, Tamil Nadu; d: India, Almora; g: China, Guigang City; h: China, Fengkai (paratype of P. nigritum, male)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">68</figureCitation>
|
||
, 70). Outer margin of anterior tibia continually arcuate to deeply excised....................................................................................................
|
||
<number box="[1418,1430,1145,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- Pronotal disc usually pale, with dark median M-shaped spot of variable extent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[979,1093,1174,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1033,1058,1174,1195]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="52.0">52</number>
|
||
a–e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1101,1163,1174,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1041,1064]" captionTargetBox="[276,1325,181,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[244,1346,155,1027]" captionText="FIGURE 62. Pachysternum nigrovittatum, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: China, Guangxi; c–d: India, Nilgiri Hills; e: India, Goa; f–g: Laos, Ban Nape." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1101,1127,1174,1195]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="62.0">62</number>
|
||
a–e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); in dark specimens pronotal disc is more or less dark, but with clearly defined pair of submedian spots on the disc (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1062,1174,1204,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1116,1141,1204,1225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="52.0">52</number>
|
||
f–g
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1184,1243,1204,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1184,1209,1204,1225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
a–c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1254,1314,1204,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1041,1064]" captionTargetBox="[276,1325,181,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[244,1346,155,1027]" captionText="FIGURE 62. Pachysternum nigrovittatum, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: China, Guangxi; c–d: India, Nilgiri Hills; e: India, Goa; f–g: Laos, Ban Nape." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1254,1279,1204,1225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="62.0">62</number>
|
||
f–g
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer margin of anterior tibia angulate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[511,581,1233,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[556,581,1233,1254]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="42.0">42</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) to deeply excised (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[773,890,1233,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[827,890,1233,1254]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="45.5" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="45.0">45–46</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), never continually arcuate.......................
|
||
<number box="[1424,1436,1233,1254]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[151,165,1262,1283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
. Large, widely oval species, body length
|
||
<quantity box="[609,727,1262,1283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="2.9">2.9–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Elytra pale, darkened along striae, dark spots often extending to the intervals and joining together, elytral interval
|
||
<number box="[639,651,1292,1313]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
never completely dark; in extremely dark specimens the elytra may be nearly entirely black (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[369,449,1321,1342]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[459,486,1321,1342]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">60</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe of the aedeagus gradually narrowing apicad (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1061,1140,1321,1342]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1115,1140,1321,1342]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="29.0">29</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b–c,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1185,1245,1321,1342]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1185,1208,1321,1342]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
b–e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)..............
|
||
<number box="[1424,1436,1321,1342]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- Medium-sized to small species (
|
||
<quantity box="[534,654,1350,1371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Elytra with some intervals completely pale, and at least intervals
|
||
<number box="[1294,1306,1350,1371]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[1352,1364,1350,1371]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
largely dark. In darker specimens, dark spots are more extending and joining together, but at least interval
|
||
<number box="[1191,1203,1380,1401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
always pale throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[232,304,1409,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1041,1064]" captionTargetBox="[276,1325,181,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[244,1346,155,1027]" captionText="FIGURE 62. Pachysternum nigrovittatum, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: China, Guangxi; c–d: India, Nilgiri Hills; e: India, Goa; f–g: Laos, Ban Nape." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[277,304,1409,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="62.0">62</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe very narrow and nearly parallel-sided in apical fourth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[972,1050,1409,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1026,1050,1409,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="32.0">32</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b–c)..............
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1278,1435,1409,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1278,1435,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. nigrovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[151,165,1438,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
. Dark spot on pronotum M-shaped or with a pair of pale spots in posteromesally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1035,1109,1438,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1082,1109,1438,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="52.0">52</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Darkening of elytral series
|
||
<number box="[1400,1436,1438,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4</number>
|
||
reaching subapically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[437,510,1468,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[483,510,1468,1489]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="52.0">52</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytral interstices usually with distinct microsculpture. Median lobe of the aedeagus subtriangular apically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[369,439,1497,1518]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[414,439,1497,1518]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="29.0">29</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
c)................................................................ ..
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1252,1349,1497,1518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. c a r d o n i</emphasis>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- Dark spot on pronotum wide posteriorly, trilobate anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,945,1526,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[883,909,1526,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
a–c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Darkening of elytral series
|
||
<number box="[1230,1266,1526,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4</number>
|
||
reaching at most elytral midlength (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[402,517,1556,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[456,482,1556,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
a–e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytral interstices shiny, without microsculpture. Median lobe of the aedeagus widely rounded apically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[314,417,1585,1606]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[359,385,1585,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
c, e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)..............................................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1176,1351,1584,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1176,1269,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1176,1269,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1275,1351,1584,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[151,166,1614,1635]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
. Outer margin of anterior tibiae continually arcuate, without any trace of straight or concave portion in distal third (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1340,1420,1614,1635]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1395,1420,1614,1635]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="39.0">39</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 41, 43, 44, 47,
|
||
<number box="[368,393,1644,1665]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="49.0">49</number>
|
||
).....................................................................................
|
||
<number box="[1424,1436,1644,1665]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- Outer margin of anterior tibiae not continually arcuate, bearing a distinct straight or concave portion in distal third (
|
||
<number box="[1322,1348,1673,1694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="39.0">39</number>
|
||
b, 42, 45, 46, 48)..............................................................................................
|
||
<number box="[1412,1435,1702,1723]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[151,165,1732,1753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
. Lateral portions of metaventrite (lying laterad of the femoral lines) of the same appearance as the median portion of the metaventrite, lacking rugose sculpture and pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[772,846,1761,1782]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[819,846,1761,1782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe abruptly narrowing just before the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[225,250,1790,1811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="31.0">31</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
c), phallobase with large and well detached basal manubrium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[867,939,1790,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[914,939,1790,1811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="31.0">31</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Elytra generally dark, with pale apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1351,1425,1790,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="29.[151,250,884,907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1400,203,831]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,861]" captionText="FIGURE 58. Pachysternum haemorrhoum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Russia, Pompeyevka env." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1398,1425,1790,1811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="58.0">58</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). East-Palaearctic species...................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1269,1435,1819,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1269,1435,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. haemorrhoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,159,1848,1869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral portions of metaventrite bearing rugose sculpture and dense pubescence, hence of the different appearance than the median portion of the metaventrite (as in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[626,697,1878,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[670,697,1878,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="20.0">20</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apex of the median lobe gradually narrowing to apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1246,1327,1878,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1301,1327,1878,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
c,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1348,1385,1878,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1348,1374,1878,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1395,1421,1878,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
c,
|
||
<number box="[225,251,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
c,
|
||
<number box="[272,298,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallobase without large and distinctly delimited manubrium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[929,1010,1908,1929]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[984,1010,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1031,1067,1908,1929]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1031,1056,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
a
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1078,1210,1908,1929]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[1078,1104,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
a,
|
||
<number box="[1125,1150,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
a,
|
||
<number box="[1172,1198,1908,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
a
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra dark, with pale apical spot or longitudinal stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[557,637,1937,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[648,674,1937,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="23.[151,250,790,813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,197,757]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[146,1431,186,774]" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pachysternum coomani, general habitus (a, c–d: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Malaysia, Kedah (male); c: same locality (female); d: Thailand, Phetchabun (male)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[683,709,1937,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[719,745,1937,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[185,1291,192,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[184,1341,168,1102]" captionText="FIGURE 64. Pachysternum rugosum, general habitus (a: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Locality of the specimens: a–b: China, Gansu (paratype, female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">64</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[755,781,1937,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="40.[151,250,937,960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,210,890]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,916]" captionText="FIGURE 66. Pachysternum sandacanum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Borneo, Sabah, Trus Madi Mt. (paratypes, males)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">66</figureCitation>
|
||
, 70). Species from Oriental Region and islands of SE Asia.......
|
||
<number box="[1423,1435,1937,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1086,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number box="[151,166,1966,1987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
. Large and widely oval species (body length
|
||
<quantity box="[645,763,1966,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.55" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Dorsal surface bears a rugose sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1164,1235,1966,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1209,1235,1966,1987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), therefore the beetle is very opaque in general appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[593,665,1996,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[185,1291,192,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[184,1341,168,1102]" captionText="FIGURE 64. Pachysternum rugosum, general habitus (a: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Locality of the specimens: a–b: China, Gansu (paratype, female)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[638,665,1996,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="64.0">64</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body uniformly dark brown.......................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1242,1435,1995,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1242,1353,1995,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1242,1353,1995,2016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1359,1435,1995,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Small to large species (
|
||
<quantity box="[445,566,151,172]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Punctation of the dorsal surface never as coarse and dense to form rugose sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 25. General morphology of the Asian Pachysternum. 12 – 14: pronotal punctation (12: P. nigrovittatum, 13: P. haemorrhoum, 14: P. r u g o s u m); 15: meso- and metathorax of P. nigrovittatum, ventral view; 16 – 19: preepisternal elevation of mesothorax (16: P. haemorrhoum, 17: P. s u l a w e s i c u m, 18: P. apicatum, 19: P. rugosum); 20 – 21: surface sculpture of metaventrite mesally and laterally of femoral line (20: P. nigrovittatum, 21: P. haemorrhoum); 22: elytral punctation of P. nigrovittatum; 23: scutellum of P. nigrovittatum; 24: anterior leg of P. nigrovittatum; 25: abdomen of P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280225/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[225,249,181,202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
–13, 22
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), the beetle is therefore rather shiny in general appearance. Body uniformly dark brown, with pale elytral apex or pale spots in humeral area and elytral apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[647,728,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[737,763,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="23.[151,250,790,813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,197,757]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[146,1431,186,774]" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pachysternum coomani, general habitus (a, c–d: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Malaysia, Kedah (male); c: same locality (female); d: Thailand, Phetchabun (male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[773,799,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[809,835,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="40.[151,250,937,960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,210,890]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,916]" captionText="FIGURE 66. Pachysternum sandacanum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Borneo, Sabah, Trus Madi Mt. (paratypes, males)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<number box="[845,873,210,231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="70.0">70</number>
|
||
).............................................
|
||
<number box="[1424,1436,210,231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,165,239,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
. Elytron dark, with sharply defined yellowish horseshoe-shaped spot at apex and large yellowish spot in humeral area; in pale specimens additionally with pale elytral interval
|
||
<number box="[691,703,269,290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
and base of interval
|
||
<number box="[902,914,269,290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[927,999,269,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="46.[151,250,967,990]" captionTargetBox="[170,1406,198,944]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,195,949]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 70. Pachysternum sulawesicum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a – b: Sulawesi, Malino env. (holotype, male); c: Sulawesi, SE of Batu Putih." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280235/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[972,999,269,290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="70.0">70</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe nearly parallel-sided, very narrow throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[386,470,298,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[431,457,298,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
b
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sulawesi...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1285,1435,298,319]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesicum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1285,1435,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. sulawesicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,159,327,348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</emphasis>
|
||
Elytron uniformly pale or dark, or with small to large yellowish spot on elytral apex, never with sharply defined spot in humeral area (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[364,445,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[455,481,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="23.[151,250,790,813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,197,757]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[146,1431,186,774]" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pachysternum coomani, general habitus (a, c–d: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Malaysia, Kedah (male); c: same locality (female); d: Thailand, Phetchabun (male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[492,518,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[529,556,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="40.[151,250,937,960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,210,890]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,916]" captionText="FIGURE 66. Pachysternum sandacanum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Borneo, Sabah, Trus Madi Mt. (paratypes, males)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">66</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe either parallel-sided and wide (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1002,1073,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1047,1073,357,378]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b), or distinctly widened at midlength (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[232,420,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[286,311,386,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
b,
|
||
<number box="[334,359,386,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
b,
|
||
<number box="[382,406,386,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
b
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)..................................................................................
|
||
<number box="[1424,1436,386,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,165,415,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
. Dorsal surface either uniformly reddish brown, or brown with elytra slightly paler subbasally and apically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1272,1345,415,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="23.[151,250,790,813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,197,757]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[146,1431,186,774]" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pachysternum coomani, general habitus (a, c–d: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Malaysia, Kedah (male); c: same locality (female); d: Thailand, Phetchabun (male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1318,1345,415,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="54.0">54</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe parallel-sided and rather wide throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[682,754,445,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,577,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,561,1962]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portionof median lobe, d: sternite 9). 29: P. c a rd o n i, 30: P. coomani, 31: P. haemorrhoum; 32: P. nigrovitattum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280227/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[727,754,445,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b)..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1327,1435,445,466]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coomani">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1327,1435,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. coomani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Dorsal surface usually dark brown to black, elytra uniformly dark or with small to large apical yellowish spot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1308,1389,474,495]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1363,1389,474,495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="50.0">50</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a–g). Median lobe distinctly widened at midlength (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[667,783,503,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[721,783,503,524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="37.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="36.0">36–38</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, b).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[825,1057,504,525]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[825,1057,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pachysternum apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex......................
|
||
<number box="[1424,1436,503,524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,165,533,554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
. Small species (
|
||
<quantity box="[368,488,533,554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Median lobe slightly constricted subapically, its apex rather wide (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1139,1256,533,554]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1193,1218,533,554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
b–c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite
|
||
<number box="[1352,1364,533,554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
always with V-shaped apical emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[575,659,562,583]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[620,646,562,583]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="38.0">38</number>
|
||
d
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra always with yellowish spot on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1102,1175,562,583]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="40.[151,250,937,960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,210,890]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,916]" captionText="FIGURE 66. Pachysternum sandacanum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a–c: Borneo, Sabah, Trus Madi Mt. (paratypes, males)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1148,1175,562,583]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="66.0">66</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Northern Borneo (Sabah,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[225,309,591,612]" name="Malaysia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
).........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1203,1435,591,612]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1203,1350,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. sa nd aca nu m</emphasis>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,159,621,642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</emphasis>
|
||
Small to large species (
|
||
<quantity box="[458,581,621,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Median lobe gradually narrowing apicad, subapical constriction absent (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1371,1396,621,642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
b–c,
|
||
<number box="[225,250,650,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
b–c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite
|
||
<number box="[384,396,650,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
usually entire to very shallowly emarginate apically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[913,1076,650,671]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[968,994,650,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
d, f,
|
||
<number box="[1037,1063,650,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
d
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra uniformly dark or with small to large yellowish apical spot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[518,598,679,700]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[573,598,679,700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="50.0">50</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a–g,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[643,669,679,700]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[643,669,679,700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="56.0">56</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................................................
|
||
<number box="[1411,1435,679,700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,178,709,730]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
. Outer margin of anterior tibia at least with slight hint of straight or angular shape at midlength (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1139,1209,709,730]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1183,1209,709,730]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="39.0">39</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a; see also from slightly different angles than only dorsally); the series of spines on outer margin usually interrupted at least by a small gap at midlength (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[231,298,767,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig
|
||
<number box="[272,298,767,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="39.0">39</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Median portion of the head very distinctly paler than lateral portions, or whole head pale reddish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1352,1425,767,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1398,1425,767,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="50.0">50</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe rounded at extreme apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[601,683,797,818]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[645,672,797,818]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). SE Asia and islands of Sundaland, but absent from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1193,1301,797,818]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1236,1352,826,847]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1236,1352,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,159,855,876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</emphasis>
|
||
Outer margin of anterior tibia continually arcuate, the series of spines on the margin continual, not interrupted by a gap (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[225,253,885,906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="40.0">40</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median portion of frons not apparently paler than lateral portions (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[906,978,885,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[175,1395,226,954]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,191,985]" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pachysternum curvatum, general habitus (a, c: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– c: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Matutum." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[951,978,885,906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="56.0">56</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe acute at extreme apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1343,1423,885,906]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1387,1412,885,906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="37.0">37</number>
|
||
c
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[225,333,914,935]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1317,1433,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. cu rva tum</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" box="[151,1436,943,964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,943,964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,174,943,964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
Elytra uniformly colored or only with sharply or vaguely defined pale apical spot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1016,1096,943,964]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1106,1144,943,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">52g</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1154,1211,943,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[1154,1179,943,964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
h–i
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1221,1282,943,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[213,1370,193,1056]" captionText="FIGURE 68. Pachysternum stevensi, general habitus (a, c–h: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: Vietnam, Buon Luoi; c, e–f: India, Tamil Nadu; d: India, Almora; g: China, Guigang City; h: China, Fengkai (paratype of P. nigritum, male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<quantity box="[1221,1257,943,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="g" value="68.0">68g</quantity>
|
||
–h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).........
|
||
<number box="[1412,1436,943,964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="13.0">13</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" box="[151,1436,973,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,973,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Elytra with pale areas basally as well as apically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[701,816,973,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[755,780,973,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
e–g
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[826,882,973,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[213,1370,193,1056]" captionText="FIGURE 68. Pachysternum stevensi, general habitus (a, c–h: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: Vietnam, Buon Luoi; c, e–f: India, Tamil Nadu; d: India, Almora; g: China, Guigang City; h: China, Fengkai (paratype of P. nigritum, male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[826,849,973,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
a–f
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................................
|
||
<number box="[1412,1436,973,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,175,1002,1023]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
Elytral interstices without microsculpture, shiny. General coloration of elytra yellowish, with sharply defined dark transverse stripe at anterior third which is extending along elytral series both anteriad and posteriad and is therefore lobate in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[225,252,1061,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median portion of frons pale....................................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1176,1351,1061,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1176,1269,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1176,1269,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1275,1351,1061,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Elytral interstices with strong, mesh-like microsculpture. General coloration of elytra reddish, usually with rather vaguely defined dark reddish to black area at anterior third (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[724,837,1119,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[213,1370,193,1056]" captionText="FIGURE 68. Pachysternum stevensi, general habitus (a, c–h: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: Vietnam, Buon Luoi; c, e–f: India, Tamil Nadu; d: India, Almora; g: China, Guigang City; h: China, Fengkai (paratype of P. nigritum, male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[779,803,1119,1140]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
a–f
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), margins of darker area never sharply lobate. Median portion of frons dark, not paler than lateral portions and clypeus........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1251,1351,1149,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1251,1351,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,177,1178,1199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="13.0">13</number>
|
||
. Whole head (in pale specimens) or at least median portion (in dark specimens) of frons pale reddish. Elytra with or without distinct mesh-like microsculpture on interstices................................................................
|
||
<number box="[1411,1435,1207,1228]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Whole head dark brown to black, without any trace of paler median portion of frons (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1060,1170,1237,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[213,1370,193,1056]" captionText="FIGURE 68. Pachysternum stevensi, general habitus (a, c–h: dorsal view, b: dorsolateral view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: Vietnam, Buon Luoi; c, e–f: India, Tamil Nadu; d: India, Almora; g: China, Guigang City; h: China, Fengkai (paratype of P. nigritum, male)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1106,1143,1237,1258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="g" value="68.0">68g</quantity>
|
||
–h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra always with strong mesh-like microsculpture on interstices.....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1251,1351,1266,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1251,1351,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. stevensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,178,1295,1316]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
. Large and robust species (body length
|
||
<quantity box="[602,722,1295,1316]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="2.9">2.9–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Pronotum posteriorly at least with rather indistinct paler areas submedially (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[275,361,1325,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1064,1087]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,199,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[282,1311,193,1042]" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pachysternum cardoni, general habitus (a, c–g: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a– b: India, Sikkim, Gopaldhara (male); c: China, Hunan (male); d, f: same locality (female); e: Burma (female); g: China, Anhui (female)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[321,361,1325,1346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="g" value="52.0">52g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Series of spines on outer margin of anterior tibia always not interrupted on the emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1286,1359,1325,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1332,1359,1325,1346]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="42.0">42</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra usually with distinct mesh-like microsculpture at least laterally, rarely totally without microsculpture.....
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1249,1351,1354,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1249,1351,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. cardoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Smaller species (body size
|
||
<quantity box="[487,606,1383,1404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Pronotum never with paler submedian spots along posterior margin. Series of spines on outer margin of anterior tibia interrupted on the emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[850,929,1413,1434]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[904,929,1413,1434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="39.0">39</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b,
|
||
<number box="[951,976,1413,1434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="45.0">45</number>
|
||
) or forming continual series. Elytra without any trace of mesh-like microsculpture on interstices.............................................................
|
||
<number box="[1411,1435,1442,1463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number box="[151,178,1471,1492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
. Elytron dark with very distinct pale reddish apical spot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[779,893,1471,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1042,1065]" captionTargetBox="[210,1357,184,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1390,163,1024]" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pachysternum kubani, general habitus (a, c–i: dorsal view, b: laterodorsal view). Localities of the specimens: a–b: Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; c: same locality (holotype, male); d: Laos, Phongsaly env. (female); e: same locality (male); f–h: Laos, Ban Nape; i: China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Shan." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[835,861,1471,1492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="60.0">60</number>
|
||
h–i
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apex of median lobe rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1218,1336,1471,1492]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1686,1709]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Asian Pachysternum. 33: P. kubani (a–c, f: holotype; d–e: dark specimen from Sichuan; g: specimen from Laos, Ban Nape; h: terratological specimen from Laos, Phou Pane Mt.; a: tegmen, b, d: median lobe, c, e: apical portion of median lobe, f–h: sternite 9); 34: P. stevensi (a: tegmen, b-c: median lobe, d–e: variation of the shape of sternite 9); 35: P. sulawesicum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[1274,1300,1471,1492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
c, e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior tibia always deeply emarginate, outer series of spines always interrupted (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[932,1002,1501,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[977,1002,1501,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="45.0">45</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).............
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1176,1351,1501,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1176,1269,1501,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1176,1269,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. kubani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1275,1351,1501,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
- Elytron either uniformly colored, reddish to dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[779,858,1530,1551]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[833,858,1530,1551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="50.0">50</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
f–j), or black with vaguely to rather sharply defined reddish apical spot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[342,424,1559,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[398,424,1559,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="50.0">50</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a–e). Apex of median lobe triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[793,932,1559,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–38" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,215,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionText="FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of the species of P. apicatum complex. 36: P. apicatum (a–d: typical form from Lombok Is., e: unicolor form from Borneo, Sabah, f: specimen from Malaysia, Pahang; a: tegmen, b, e: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d, f: sternite 9); 37: P. cu rv atu m (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9); 38: P. sandacanum (a: tegmen, b: median lobe, c: apical portion of median lobe, d: sternite 9)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[848,873,1559,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
b–c, e
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer margin of anterior tibia deeply to very shallowly emarginate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[404,483,1589,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,208,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[201,1370,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 50. Anterior tibia of Asian Pachysternum species. 39: P. apicatum (a: lectotype, b: specimen from Borneo, Sabah); 40: P. c u r v a t u m, 41: P. sandacanum; 42: P. c a rd o n i; 43: P. coomani, 44: P. haemorrhoum, 45: P. kubani, 46: P. nigrovittatum, 47: P. rugosum, 48: P. stevensi, 49: P. s u l a w e s i c u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280228/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<number box="[458,483,1589,1610]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="39.0">39</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b), outer series of spines usually not interrupted (specimens with interrupted series rarely occur in continental Asia only)..................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1236,1352,1618,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Pachysternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1236,1352,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. apicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |