221 lines
28 KiB
XML
221 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="1DF90640C56DC868EF18F59EA9599C8A" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930400001434" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5214235" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629249040407" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="James, Samuel W., Shih, Hsi-Te & Chang, Hsueh-Wen" docDate="2005" docId="03E61D4ED635FF8E579ACB56FADDFC59" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.39.14.1007-1028.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930400001434" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Amynthas huangi James & Shih & Chang 2005, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1015" masterDocId="FFDF6536D63CFF845678CA2BFB37FFC4" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) and new earthworm records from Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="1028" masterPageNumber="1007" pageNumber="1014" updateTime="1699065264663" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="20486AADF694063A9CF733AE44B58F34">
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<mods:title id="B7B490D64A216682C8714F8497E285AF">Seven new species of Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) and new earthworm records from Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="309944001FD5940674C6B64DA3E014A2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DA3281D02026026A7C8D0BF9802B1550">James, Samuel W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="38F8DEC01641F07C06CBCDE21708DEDF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AE98B1D43FAE1B9088675DDFF13ABE68">Shih, Hsi-Te</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="69CC1F660839D8D99EBE19E7309F2172" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="109C1738E87D416C5E8B867E9F8917AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C7C94480430682F15279A26934ABF5FF">Chang, Hsueh-Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="758C3DAA16CBBEF0FBB4BCC46F542F6F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="65213502D071A74845F6DB1620DA0DBC">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FE1A1D4BB03077611A9DD001C541C581">
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<mods:date id="6F0565132C283B09D05CEF3600498FEC">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F0598DD52C48A9F8DEF1A928125B09C">2007-02-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ADC5163EA5B02C431D21B3C5646CF0E0">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="00646BAB06FBE8E4AD800A9A231BA0A5">14</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3E790313D768910AF18A9292889BD52E">1007</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="2DDC56300E7C1C4136B58B4DB9F5804D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930400001434</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2FE4AFC98B0D8B569608B69B0646562F" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930400001434</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="36675078B87BE5CAD40A68DE3FCA1C8C" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="50EDAD481DFC7EC1D1CC5E1A0ACD699A" type="Zenodo-Dep">5214235</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E61D4ED635FF8E579ACB56FADDFC59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E61D4ED635FF8E579ACB56FADDFC59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E61D4ED635FF8E579ACB56FADDFC59" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1015" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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<subSubSection id="C355FFD3D635FF8D579ACB56F818FE51" box="[482,815,381,405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D579ACB56F818FE51" blockId="9.[482,815,381,437]" box="[482,815,381,405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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<heading id="D0B81B34D635FF8D579ACB56F818FE51" box="[482,815,381,405]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD635FF8D579ACB56F9FDFE51" authority="James & Shih & Chang, 2005" authorityName="James & Shih & Chang" authorityYear="2005" box="[482,714,381,405]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="huangi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D579ACB56F9FDFE51" bold="true" box="[482,714,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Amynthas huangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A208CD31D635FF8D54AACB56F818FE51" box="[722,815,381,405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C355FFD3D635FF8E544ECBB6FFA1FDFA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1015" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D544ECBB6F9D5FE71" blockId="9.[482,815,381,437]" box="[566,738,413,437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1374B0DDD635FF8D5446CBB6F9EDFE71" box="[574,730,413,437]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[172,1124,187,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[170,1128,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Ventral view of Amynthas nanrenensis holotype, with detail of the male pore; (B) spermatheca of Amynthas nanrenensis; (C) ventral view of Amynthas monsoonus holotype; (D) spermatheca of Amynthas monsoonus; (E) ventral view of Amynthas huangi holotype; (F) spermatheca of Amynthas huangi; (G) left lateral view of segments i–ix and ventral view of xiv–xix of Amynthas hengchunensis, with detail of male pore; (H) spermatheca of Amynthas hengchunensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5214239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5214239/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Figure 2E, F</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D5605CBFCFA61FDEB" blockId="9.[125,1172,471,559]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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<materialsCitation id="3B27A605D635FF8D5605CBFCFA61FDEB" collectingDate="1999-08-18" collectionCode="NMNS" country="Taiwan" elevation="391" location="Shihwen" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" specimenCode="NMNS 4054-011" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54F412FAD635FF8D5605CBFCFBDAFE2B" box="[125,237,471,495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: adult collected at
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<location id="8E90FA83D635FF8D5473CBFCF945FE2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E61D4ED635FF8E579ACB56FADDFC59:8E90FA83D635FF8D5473CBFCF945FE2B" box="[523,626,471,495]" country="Taiwan" name="Shihwen" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" stateProvince="Pingtung">Shihwen</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="498B62BAD635FF8D54E8CBFCF85BFE2B" box="[656,876,471,495]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F358ECC8D635FF8D55F2CBFCF8D2FE2B" box="[906,997,471,495]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, 22
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D5267CBFCFF1EFE2B" bold="true" box="[1055,1065,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">°</emphasis>
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219530N, 120
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D56D1CBDCFB84FDCB" bold="true" box="[169,179,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">°</emphasis>
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399450E;
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<quantity id="4CB701BDD635FF8D5754CBDCFA40FDCB" box="[300,375,503,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" unit="m" value="391.0">
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<elevation id="00624B6BD635FF8D5754CBDCFA40FDCB" box="[300,375,503,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" unit="m" value="391.0">391 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFF18A98D635FF8D57F6CBDCF96AFDCB" box="[398,605,503,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" value="1999-08-18">
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<collectingDate id="EFB57370D635FF8D57F6CBDCF96AFDCB" box="[398,605,503,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" value="1999-08-18">18 August 1999</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by Chung-Chi Huang and Jin-Kuan Yang,
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<specimenCode id="DBE90423D635FF8D5605C83CFA64FDEB" box="[125,339,535,559]" collectionCode="NMNS" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">NMNS 4054-011</specimenCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D5605C874FBD9FDB3" blockId="9.[125,238,607,631]" box="[125,238,607,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D5605C874FBD9FDB3" box="[125,238,607,631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D5605C8A4FA34FD03" blockId="9.[125,1172,655,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">This species is named after Mr. Chung-Chi Huang who helped the collection work extensively.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D5605C8DCFBC2FCCB" blockId="9.[125,245,759,783]" box="[125,245,759,783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D5605C8DCFBC2FCCB" box="[125,245,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D5605C90CF9EFFC1A" blockId="9.[125,1173,807,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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Dimensions
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<quantity id="4CB701BDD635FF8D576BC90CFA54FCFB" box="[275,355,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
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by
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<quantity id="4CB701BDD635FF8D57ECC90CFADBFCFB" box="[404,492,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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at segment x,
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<quantity id="4CB701BDD635FF8D54DAC90CF9CDFCFB" box="[674,762,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
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at xxx,
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<quantity id="4CB701BDD635FF8D5518C90CF88FFCFB" box="[864,952,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
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at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 101. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 38 at vii, 48 at xxv; size and distance regular; no dorsal gaps, ventral gap AA:AB54:3 at xxv. Female pores paired in xiv. Prostomium epilobic, with tongue open. Pale brown dorsal pigmentation, formalin preservation. First dorsal pore 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv–xvi; setae invisible externally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D56E0C9CDFAEEFBFA" blockId="9.[125,1173,807,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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Male pores on small knobs visible under hoods covering male pore openings; 10 setae between male pores. Spermathecal pores lateral, deep slits in 6/7/8/9. Genital markings not visible externally (
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<figureCitation id="1374B0DDD635FF8D5728CE0DFAFBFBFA" box="[336,460,1062,1086]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[172,1124,187,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[170,1128,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Ventral view of Amynthas nanrenensis holotype, with detail of the male pore; (B) spermatheca of Amynthas nanrenensis; (C) ventral view of Amynthas monsoonus holotype; (D) spermatheca of Amynthas monsoonus; (E) ventral view of Amynthas huangi holotype; (F) spermatheca of Amynthas huangi; (G) left lateral view of segments i–ix and ventral view of xiv–xix of Amynthas hengchunensis, with detail of male pore; (H) spermatheca of Amynthas hengchunensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5214239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5214239/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D56E0CE6DF9D6FB1A" blockId="9.[125,1173,807,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Septa 6/7/8 thinly muscular, 8/9, 9/10 absent, 10/11–13/14 thinly muscular; gizzard viii– x. Intestinal origin xv, typhlosole simple fold one-quarter lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly to xxiv. Oesophageal hearts four pairs in x–xiii; commissural vessels vii, right ix lateral, viii to gizzard; extraoesophageal vessels to ventral oesophageal wall in x.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D56E0CECDFB83FAB9" blockId="9.[125,1173,807,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Male sexual system holandric, testes, funnels in ventral paired sacs in x, xi. Seminal vesicles small in xi, xii, without dorsal lobe. Prostates large xviii, deeply lobed; ducts thick, muscular, short; vasa deferentia join duct at duct–glandular portion junction; vasa deferentia non-muscular; prostatic duct flanked by large sessile glandular masses on body wall.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D56E0CFAEF83CFA39" blockId="9.[125,1173,807,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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Ovaries in xiii. Paired spermathecae in vii–ix; ampulla ovoid, large; diverticulum large flat ovate mass composed of tightly folded tubular chamber, short slender straight stalk (
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<figureCitation id="1374B0DDD635FF8D56FDCFEEFBC8FA19" box="[133,255,1477,1501]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[172,1124,187,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[170,1128,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Ventral view of Amynthas nanrenensis holotype, with detail of the male pore; (B) spermatheca of Amynthas nanrenensis; (C) ventral view of Amynthas monsoonus holotype; (D) spermatheca of Amynthas monsoonus; (E) ventral view of Amynthas huangi holotype; (F) spermatheca of Amynthas huangi; (G) left lateral view of segments i–ix and ventral view of xiv–xix of Amynthas hengchunensis, with detail of male pore; (H) spermatheca of Amynthas hengchunensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5214239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5214239/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
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); no nephridia on spermathecal ducts; genital marking glands with long stalks meeting body wall in vi–viii next to spermathecal ducts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8D5605CC06FBEBF981" blockId="9.[125,220,1581,1605]" box="[125,220,1581,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D5605CC06FBEBF981" box="[125,220,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D635FF8E5605CC76FFA1FDFA" blockId="9.[125,1172,1629,1685]" lastBlockId="10.[138,1185,136,925]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1015" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">
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The male pores are clearly not within intra-coelomic copulatory pouches, such as characterize
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<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD635FF8D5777CC56FA4BF951" box="[271,380,1661,1685]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D5777CC56FA4BF951" box="[271,380,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Pheretima</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A208CD31D635FF8D57FCCC56FA9EF951" box="[388,425,1661,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and perhaps
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<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD635FF8D543ECC56F982F951" authorityName="Sims & Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[582,693,1661,1685]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD635FF8D543ECC56F982F951" box="[582,693,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1014">Metaphire</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In the present case, and in some species described below, the male pores are within slight folds of the body wall. In the absence of additional evidence supporting transfer to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E54F8CA83F9D8FF04" authorityName="Sims & Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[640,751,168,192]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E54F8CA83F9D8FF04" box="[640,751,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Metaphire</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we assign this species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E5252CA83FFAEFF04" box="[1066,1177,168,192]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E5252CA83FFAEFF04" box="[1066,1177,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Amynthas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDED1A9D636FF8E56F2CAE3FA9CFF24" author="Sims RW & Easton EG" box="[138,427,200,224]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref11607" refString="Sims RW, Easton EG. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims and Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that in the absence of spermathecae, it is not possible to distinguish a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E575ECAC3FAA4FEC4" box="[294,403,232,256]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E575ECAC3FAA4FEC4" box="[294,403,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Pheretima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E578BCAC3F955FEC4" authorityName="Sims & Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[499,610,232,256]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E578BCAC3F955FEC4" box="[499,610,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Metaphire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In light of the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E55F1CAC3F8C1FEC4" box="[905,1014,232,256]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E55F1CAC3F8C1FEC4" box="[905,1014,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Pheretima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all have intracoelomic copulatory pouches appearing as domes of tissue (usually muscular in appearance) partially separable from the body wall, this must also be a characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E56F2CB6CFBCEFE9B" authorityName="Sims & Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[138,249,327,351]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E56F2CB6CFBCEFE9B" box="[138,249,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Metaphire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDED1A9D636FF8E575FCB6CF909FE9B" author="Sims RW & Easton EG" box="[295,574,327,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref11607" refString="Sims RW, Easton EG. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims and Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were wrong. We are open to both possibilities, but to date no one has adequately addressed this question. In our experience, there exist species with large intramural copulatory pouches within a thickened body wall of xviii, and these consistently fall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E5704CB8CFADCFE7B" authorityName="Sims & Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[380,491,423,447]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E5704CB8CFADCFE7B" box="[380,491,423,447]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Metaphire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Such structures appear to us not homologous to the intracoelomic pouches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E57CFCBECF913FE1B" box="[439,548,455,479]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E57CFCBECF913FE1B" box="[439,548,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Pheretima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we could be mistaken. Based on this we prefer to restrict
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E5690CBCCFA60FE3B" authorityName="Sims & Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[232,343,487,511]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E5690CBCCFA60FE3B" box="[232,343,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Metaphire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to those species with well-characterized copulatory pouches and no nephridia on the spermathecal ducts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDED1A9D636FF8E5443C82CF872FDDB" author="Sims RW & Easton EG" box="[571,837,519,543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref11607" refString="Sims RW, Easton EG. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims and Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), excluding those whose pores lie within wrinkles or seminal grooves, under small flaps, or within shallow indentations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C355FFD3D636FF8E56DDC86DFADDFC59" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0AC58D636FF8E56DDC86DFADDFC59" blockId="10.[138,1185,136,925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E56DDC86DFA5FFD9A" authorityName="James & Shih & Chang" authorityYear="2005" box="[165,360,582,606]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="huangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E56DDC86DFA5FFD9A" box="[165,360,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">Amynthas huangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E5466C86DF940FD9A" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[542,631,582,606]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aelianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E5466C86DF940FD9A" box="[542,631,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">aelianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, in which it is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E52FEC86DFAA3FDBA" authority="(Tsai, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Tsai" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taipeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E52FEC86DFFAEFD9A" box="[1158,1177,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E56F2C84DFBC0FDBA" box="[138,247,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">taipeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDED1A9D636FF8E577FC84DFABCFDBA" author="Tsai C-F" box="[263,395,614,638]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11698" refString="Tsai C-F. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in north Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 17: 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Tsai, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the differences are many: smaller size than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E5271C84DFFAEFDBA" baseAuthorityName="Tsai" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1033,1177,614,638]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taipeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E5271C84DFFAEFDBA" box="[1033,1177,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">A. taipeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fewer setae, no setal enlargement ventro-anteriorly, male pore area different, hood or flap over male pores present, colour different, intestinal origin in xvi not xv, seminal vesicles lack dorsal lobes, prostatic ducts short and straight, not coiled or bent, diverticulum chamber coiled with straight stalk versus stalk kinked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E553FC8CDF8EAFD3A" baseAuthorityName="Tsai" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[839,989,742,766]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taipeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E553FC8CDF8EAFD3A" box="[839,989,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">A. taipeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and no genital marking glands in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FD7DBD636FF8E571BC92DFAC3FCDA" baseAuthorityName="Tsai" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[355,500,774,798]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taipeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E571BC92DFA41FCDA" box="[355,374,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B704AD636FF8E57FFC92DFAC3FCDA" box="[391,500,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1015">taipeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note that genital marking glands are present in xviii even though no externally visible genital markings are present. This suggests that the genital markings are hidden under the hoods partially obscuring the male pores. Furthermore, the spermathecal segment genital markings must be deep in the pore slits or even within the pores themselves, out of view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |