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<document id="EBC8870110CE95B95910377677046C3D" ID-CLB-Dataset="68522" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5150.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b337d6b-61b0-42f7-81f6-4dd0eb4e3ca1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6621227" ID-ZooBank="F457A107-44E8-4DBC-B4E9-FE8633E26360" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1654625418212" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guéron, Rodrigo, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira, Aguilar, Robert, Ogburn, Matthew B., Prakash, Sanjeevi &amp; Baeza, J. Antonio" docDate="2022" docId="03DF38488D28FFE7B5EAFBD6FE04FD81" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5150.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5150 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lysmata vittata" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="FFE640308D38FFF6B57DFFE9FFE2FFBC" masterDocTitle="Delimiting species within the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Lysmatidae) species complex in a world full of invaders" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="189" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1699339042235" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7A7C6238AF67FBAF90311BA46F830D97">Delimiting species within the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Lysmatidae) species complex in a world full of invaders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1929D3AAD7A80340FB258E4018BE0C1">Guéron, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76447E0A9FB56E851375298D675A5980">Departament of Zoology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo. 1235. 50670 - 901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4FF68AC8E8D36125F96C7C09C4283541">Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CD9F257C59B7325D51CF892C30E60C4B">Departament of Zoology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo. 1235. 50670 - 901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AEC8A4D59E9E8011726C6CC52766D5EF">Aguilar, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3216C780EEAD7B36A53F4DD7DBB4D4D0">Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd., Edgewater, MD 21037, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2E540ABB8603489D3B0ECFFCE05FD042">Ogburn, Matthew B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="81062CA69A1B751E7199474A44081482">Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd., Edgewater, MD 21037, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AF5450F0D53BF9818A67BC33B2DF5FF8">Prakash, Sanjeevi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5BD7FDB46ECE54458881C013A46437C2">Centre of Climate Change Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India &amp; Sathyabama Marine Research Station, Rameswaram, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C2D4D399D1027809E8D5D9E78F746D5D">Baeza, J. Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1503927BADB607155B29B0AA352559EF">Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA &amp; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA &amp; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Corresponding author. rggueron @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1848 - 742 X</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03DF38488D28FFE7B5EAFBD6FE04FD81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195827638" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6628372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF38488D28FFE7B5EAFBD6FE04FD81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF38488D28FFE7B5EAFBD6FE04FD81" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">
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<paragraph id="8BC9895E8D28FFE6B5EAFBD6FAFCFBE5" blockId="16.[151,1437,1086,2013]" box="[151,1310,1086,1113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="D0813E328D28FFE6B5EAFBD6FAFCFBE5" bold="true" box="[151,1310,1086,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B5EAFBD6FAFCFBE5" bold="true" box="[151,1310,1086,1113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B5EAFBD6FEA5FBE5" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,327,1087,1113]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B5EAFBD6FEA5FBE5" bold="true" box="[151,327,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Lysmata vittata</emphasis>
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is native to the northwestern Indo-Pacific and exotic to the
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B173FBD7FBA6FBE4" box="[1038,1092,1086,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B1FDFBD6FAFCFBE5" box="[1152,1310,1087,1113]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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<paragraph id="8BC9895E8D28FFE6B5EAFB8AFE12FAC5" blockId="16.[151,1437,1086,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">
We confirmed the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B776FB8AFD90FBC0" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[523,626,1123,1148]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B776FB8AFD90FBC0" box="[523,626,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
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in the
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,
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B675FB8AFC6DFBC1" box="[776,911,1123,1149]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B6E6FB8AFC12FBC1" box="[923,1008,1123,1149]" name="Taiwan" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B150FB8AFB25FBC1" box="[1069,1223,1123,1149]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. We posit this species is native in its
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locality of
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B75CFB6EFD46FB1D" box="[545,676,1159,1185]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
and throughout large portions of the northwestern Indo-Pacific and introduced in the western Atlantic and
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B738FB42FD3CFB79" box="[581,734,1195,1221]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. While additional directed sampling and/or historical review of museum collections is needed to fully establish the full current and historical distribution, it appears that
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B062FB26FA66FB54" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1311,1412,1231,1256]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B062FB26FA66FB54" box="[1311,1412,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
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is currently found from
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B4F5FB1AFE29FAB1" box="[392,459,1267,1293]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">China</collectingCountry>
northeastward to the Sea of
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B677FB1AFCAFFAB1" box="[778,845,1267,1293]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Japan</collectingCountry>
. It is noteworthy these areas are primarily temperate, but also subtropical, as are the portions of the
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B7E2FAFEFD37FA8D" box="[671,725,1303,1329]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B671FAFEFC40FA8D" box="[780,930,1303,1329]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
where
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B68BFAFEFBB9FA8C" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1014,1115,1303,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B68BFAFEFBB9FA8C" box="[1014,1115,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has become established. We further posit that this likely reflects habitat preferences of this species and sheds light on the natural distribution and invasion potential of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B4F9FAB6FE08FAC4" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[388,490,1375,1400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B4F9FAB6FE08FAC4" box="[388,490,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9895E8D28FFE7B5B3FA6AFEFDFF69" blockId="16.[151,1437,1086,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">
Upon initial discovery in
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B496FA6AFD66FA21" box="[491,644,1411,1437]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B7F2FA6AFD16FA20" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[655,756,1411,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B7F2FA6AFD16FA20" box="[655,756,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
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was presumed native because it was assumed to be naturally distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific and individuals in
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B64AFA4EFC2DFA7D" box="[823,975,1447,1473]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
may have been misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B02DFA4EFDA5FA59" authority="Yaldwin 1971" authorityName="Yaldwin" authorityYear="1971" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morelandi">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B02DFA4EFF05FA59" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. morelandi</emphasis>
Yaldwin 1971 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B4E0FA22FDDDFA59" author="Ahyong, S. T." box="[413,575,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="341 - 357" refId="ref16381" refString="Ahyong, S. T. (2010) New species and new records of Caridea (Hippolytidae: Pasiphaeidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 2372 (1), 341 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2372.1.26" type="journal article" year="2010">Ahyong 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Given that we have now classified
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B699FA22FBAEFA58" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[996,1100,1483,1508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B699FA22FBAEFA58" box="[996,1100,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as native to the northwestern Indo-Pacific, we posit that this species is likely introduced to
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B61AFA06FBE2F9B5" box="[871,1024,1519,1545]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
via international shipping (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B5EAF9FAFE9FF991" author="Aguilar, R. &amp; Prakash, S. &amp; Ogburn, M. B. &amp; Lohan, K. M. P. &amp; MacDonald III, K. S. &amp; Driskell, A. C. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Leray, M. &amp; McIlroy, S. E. &amp; Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A." box="[151,381,1554,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="1" refId="ref16244" refString="Aguilar, R., Prakash, S., Ogburn, M. B., Lohan, K. M. P., MacDonald III, K. S., Driskell, A. C., Ahyong, S. T., Leray, M., McIlroy, S. E., Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A. (2022) Unresolved taxonomy can confounds invasive species identification: the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) species complex and recent introduction of Lysmata vittata sensu stricto in the western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 42 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruab 079" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aguilar
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B58FF9FAFECBF991" box="[242,297,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
[2022]
</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, we analyzed specimens that were collected within the biogeographic province of
<collectingRegion id="49B247BC8D28FFE6B5EAF9DEFEE5F9ED" box="[151,263,1591,1617]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Auckland</collectingRegion>
, located in the North Island of
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B724F9DEFD13F9ED" box="[601,753,1591,1617]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. This province exhibits an affinity, in terms of species composition, with southeastern and southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B704F9B2FD01F9C9" box="[633,739,1627,1653]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Australia</collectingCountry>
, but not with more northern/tropical biogeographic provinces, such as the Indo-Polynesian or Sino-Japanese (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B7D9F996FC96F925" author="Waters, J. M. &amp; McCulloch, G. A. &amp; Eason, J. A." box="[676,884,1663,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="678 - 687" refId="ref24576" refString="Waters, J. M., McCulloch, G. A. &amp; Eason, J. A. (2007) Marine biogeographical structure in two highly dispersive gastropods: Implications for trans-Tasman dispersal. Journal of Biogeography, 34 (4), 678 - 687. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2006.01615. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
Waters
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B787F996FCD0F925" box="[762,818,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B602F996FB63F925" author="Briggs, J. C. &amp; Bowen, B. W." box="[895,1153,1663,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="12 - 30" refId="ref18436" refString="Briggs, J. C. &amp; Bowen, B. W. (2012) A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (1), 12 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2011.02613. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Briggs &amp; Bowen 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D28FFE6B07BF996FA7EF925" box="[1286,1436,1663,1689]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
is extremely vulnerable to the introductions of marine species given its high dependence on maritime transport for trade (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B5A0F92EFE51F95D" author="Gordon, D. P. &amp; Beaumont, J. &amp; MacDiarmid, A. &amp; Robertson, D. A. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[221,435,1735,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="10905" refId="ref20141" refString="Gordon, D. P., Beaumont, J., MacDiarmid, A., Robertson, D. A. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2010) Marine biodiversity of Aotearoa New Zealand. PLoS ONE, 5 (8), e 10905. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0010905" type="journal article" year="2010">
Gordon
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B447F92EFE93F95D" box="[314,369,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B4C0F92EFD37F95D" author="Wilkens, S. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[445,725,1735,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="36 - 39" refId="ref24684" refString="Wilkens, S. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2011) Non-indigenous marine crustaceans in New Zealand. Surveillance, 38 (4), 36 - 39." type="journal article" year="2011">Wilkens &amp; Ahyong 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Currently, at least 110 non-indigenous crustacean species have been identified in the archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B760F902FCD9F8B9" author="Wilkens, S. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[541,827,1771,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="36 - 39" refId="ref24684" refString="Wilkens, S. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2011) Non-indigenous marine crustaceans in New Zealand. Surveillance, 38 (4), 36 - 39." type="journal article" year="2011">Wilkens &amp; Ahyong 2011</bibRefCitation>
). A number of these species share similar distributions with
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B5B2F8E6FED6F894" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[207,308,1807,1832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B5B2F8E6FED6F894" box="[207,308,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as the crab
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B48BF8E6FB72F895" authority="A. Milne-Edwards 1861" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1861" box="[502,1168,1807,1833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Portunidae" genus="Charybdis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B48BF8E6FD31F894" box="[502,723,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Charybdis japonica</emphasis>
A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B784F8E6FC07F895" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[761,997,1807,1833]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="309 - 428" refId="ref21766" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1861) Etudes zoologiques sur les Crustaces recents de la famille des Portuniens. Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, 10, 309 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10629" type="journal article" year="1861">Milne-Edwards 1861</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B68EF8E6FB6AF895" author="Froglia, C." box="[1011,1160,1807,1833]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="5 - 7" refId="ref19880" refString="Froglia, C. (2012) First record of Charybdis japonica (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, 5 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212000140" type="journal article" year="2012">Froglia 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which was assumed introduced through ballast water of cargo ships (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B7E4F8DAFCBCF8F1" author="Smith, P. J. &amp; Webber, W. R. &amp; McVeagh, S. M. &amp; Inglis, G. J. &amp; Gust, N." box="[665,862,1843,1869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="753 - 762" refId="ref23335" refString="Smith, P. J., Webber, W. R., McVeagh, S. M., Inglis, G. J. &amp; Gust, N. (2003) DNA and morphological identification of an invasive swimming crab, Charybdis japonica, in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 37 (4), 753 - 762. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288330.2003.9517205" type="journal article" year="2003">
Smith
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B79EF8DAFCF9F8F1" box="[739,795,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B1B3F8DAFAB2F8F0" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1861" box="[1230,1360,1843,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Portunidae" genus="Charybdis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B1B3F8DAFAB2F8F0" box="[1230,1360,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was at Waitemata Harbor, which is less than
<quantity id="4C8E24BB8D28FFE6B742F8BEFD9AF8CD" box="[575,632,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
away from Viaduct Harbor and Westhaven
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B11CF8BEFB50F8CD" box="[1121,1202,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina</taxonomicName>
—locations where
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B0FBF8BEFF3DF828" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B0FBF8BEFF3DF828" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B4F6F892FDB2F829" author="Smith, P. J. &amp; Webber, W. R. &amp; McVeagh, S. M. &amp; Inglis, G. J. &amp; Gust, N." box="[395,592,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="753 - 762" refId="ref23335" refString="Smith, P. J., Webber, W. R., McVeagh, S. M., Inglis, G. J. &amp; Gust, N. (2003) DNA and morphological identification of an invasive swimming crab, Charybdis japonica, in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 37 (4), 753 - 762. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288330.2003.9517205" type="journal article" year="2003">
Smith
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B4ABF892FDECF829" box="[470,526,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B727F892FD1AF829" author="Ahyong, S. T." box="[602,760,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="341 - 357" refId="ref16381" refString="Ahyong, S. T. (2010) New species and new records of Caridea (Hippolytidae: Pasiphaeidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 2372 (1), 341 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2372.1.26" type="journal article" year="2010">Ahyong 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Both areas are close to one of New Zealands busiest ports, where there is an enormous volume of ballast water releases (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B627F876FC02F805" author="Inglis, G. J." box="[858,992,1951,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" refId="ref20539" refString="Inglis, G. J. (2001) Criteria for selecting New Zealand ports and other points of entry that have a high risk of invasion by new exotic marine organisms. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, 31 pp." type="book" year="2001">Inglis 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B1F2F876FF30F861" authority="Stimpson 1866" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1866" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B1F2F876FAC8F805" box="[1167,1322,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">L. californica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D28FFE6B04FF876FF30F861" author="Stimpson, W." pageId="16" pageNumber="205" pagination="46 - 48" refId="ref23699" refString="Stimpson, W. (1866) Descriptions of new genera and species of Macrurous Crustacea from the Coasts of North America. Proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1, 46 - 48." type="journal article" year="1866">Stimpson 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D28FFE6B58FF82AFE4BF861" box="[242,425,1987,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D28FFE6B58FF82AFEB2F860" box="[242,336,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="205">Lysmata</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
native to the temperate eastern Pacific has recently become established around port areas in northern
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D29FFE7B461FF7EFE50FF0D" box="[284,434,151,177]" name="New Zealand" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D29FFE7B709FF7EFD38FF0C" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[628,730,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B709FF7EFD38FF0C" box="[628,730,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and ballast water is the assumed introduction vector (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B038FF7EFEF1FF69" author="Aguilar, R. &amp; Prakash, S. &amp; Ogburn, M. B. &amp; Lohan, K. M. P. &amp; MacDonald III, K. S. &amp; Driskell, A. C. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Leray, M. &amp; McIlroy, S. E. &amp; Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="206" pagination="1" refId="ref16244" refString="Aguilar, R., Prakash, S., Ogburn, M. B., Lohan, K. M. P., MacDonald III, K. S., Driskell, A. C., Ahyong, S. T., Leray, M., McIlroy, S. E., Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A. (2022) Unresolved taxonomy can confounds invasive species identification: the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) species complex and recent introduction of Lysmata vittata sensu stricto in the western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 42 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruab 079" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aguilar
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B5EAFF52FF2DFF69" box="[151,207,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC9895E8D29FFE7B5BAFF36FE04FD81" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">
The Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D29FFE7B7A5FF36FCF1FF45" box="[728,787,223,249]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">USA</collectingCountry>
, is another sensitive area for aquatic invasions. According to the National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System (NEMESIS), 176 non-indigenous or cryptogenic species across various taxa have been reported in and around the tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B04AFECEFEF0FED9" author="Fofonoff, P. W. &amp; Ruiz, G. M. &amp; Steves, B. &amp; Simkanin, C. &amp; Carlton, J. T." pageId="17" pageNumber="206" refId="ref19809" refString="Fofonoff, P. W., Ruiz, G. M., Steves, B., Simkanin, C. &amp; Carlton, J. T. (2021) National exotic marine and estuarine species information system. National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System. Available from: http: // invasions. si. edu / nemesis / (accessed 28 february 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
Fofonoff
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B5EAFEA2FF2DFED9" box="[151,207,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The main invasion routes are ballast water, boat hull fouling, and trading of live organisms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B05AFEA2FF36FE35" author="Densmore, C. L." pageId="17" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref19559" refString="Densmore, C. L. (2020) Aquatic invasive species in the Chesapeake Bay drainage - Research-based needs and priorities of U. S. Geological Survey partners and collaborators. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / ofr 20201057" type="book chapter" year="2020">Densmore 2020</bibRefCitation>
). In the Chesapeake Bay,
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D29FFE7B487FE86FDBBFE34" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[506,601,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B487FE86FDBBFE34" box="[506,601,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">L vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected near the major shipping terminals around Norfolk and Newport News,
<collectingRegion id="49B247BC8D29FFE7B42FFE7AFE4FFE11" box="[338,429,403,429]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">Virginia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B4C0FE7AFD7CFE11" author="Aguilar, R. &amp; Prakash, S. &amp; Ogburn, M. B. &amp; Lohan, K. M. P. &amp; MacDonald III, K. S. &amp; Driskell, A. C. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Leray, M. &amp; McIlroy, S. E. &amp; Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A." box="[445,670,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" pagination="1" refId="ref16244" refString="Aguilar, R., Prakash, S., Ogburn, M. B., Lohan, K. M. P., MacDonald III, K. S., Driskell, A. C., Ahyong, S. T., Leray, M., McIlroy, S. E., Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A. (2022) Unresolved taxonomy can confounds invasive species identification: the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) species complex and recent introduction of Lysmata vittata sensu stricto in the western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 42 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruab 079" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aguilar
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B763FE7AFDBAFE11" box="[542,600,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the Chesapeake Bay has been sampled extensively for over two centuries and it is unlikely
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D29FFE7B741FE5EFD41FE6C" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[572,675,439,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B741FE5EFD41FE6C" box="[572,675,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remained unnoticed even given its superficial similarity to the native congener,
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D29FFE7B446FE32FD31FE49" authority="(Aguilar et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Aguilar" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[315,723,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wurdemanni">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B446FE32FE06FE49" box="[315,484,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">L. wurdemanni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B48FFE32FD29FE49" author="Aguilar, R. &amp; Prakash, S. &amp; Ogburn, M. B. &amp; Lohan, K. M. P. &amp; MacDonald III, K. S. &amp; Driskell, A. C. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Leray, M. &amp; McIlroy, S. E. &amp; Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A." box="[498,715,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" pagination="1" refId="ref16244" refString="Aguilar, R., Prakash, S., Ogburn, M. B., Lohan, K. M. P., MacDonald III, K. S., Driskell, A. C., Ahyong, S. T., Leray, M., McIlroy, S. E., Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A. (2022) Unresolved taxonomy can confounds invasive species identification: the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) species complex and recent introduction of Lysmata vittata sensu stricto in the western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 42 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruab 079" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aguilar
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B72DFE32FD6AFE49" box="[592,648,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. While
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D29FFE7B655FE32FC3CFE49" box="[808,990,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B655FE32FC64FE48" box="[808,902,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">Lysmata</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are extremely common in the aquarium trade (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B5A0FE16FE4DFDA5" author="Calado, R. &amp; Araujo, R. &amp; Narciso, L. &amp; Lin, J. &amp; Rhyne, A. L." box="[221,431,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" pagination="963 - 973" refId="ref18713" refString="Calado, R., Araujo, R., Narciso, L., Lin, J. &amp; Rhyne, A. L. (2003) Marine Ornamental Decapods - Popular, Pricey, and Poorly Studied. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 23 (4), 963 - 973. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / C- 2409" type="journal article" year="2003">
Calado
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B448FE16FE8FFDA5" box="[309,365,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
), it is unlikely that this was the introduction vector for
<taxonomicName id="4C76F2DD8D29FFE7B16FFE16FB95FDA4" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1042,1143,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Lysmata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B16FFE16FB95FDA4" box="[1042,1143,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">L. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in both the
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D29FFE7B186FE16FAD3FDA5" box="[1275,1329,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F361C9CE8D29FFE7B01AFE16FF13FD81" name="New Zealand" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F4AF8D29FFE7B47DFDCAFE38FD81" author="Aguilar, R. &amp; Prakash, S. &amp; Ogburn, M. B. &amp; Lohan, K. M. P. &amp; MacDonald III, K. S. &amp; Driskell, A. C. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Leray, M. &amp; McIlroy, S. E. &amp; Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A." box="[256,474,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="206" pagination="1" refId="ref16244" refString="Aguilar, R., Prakash, S., Ogburn, M. B., Lohan, K. M. P., MacDonald III, K. S., Driskell, A. C., Ahyong, S. T., Leray, M., McIlroy, S. E., Tuckey, T. D. &amp; Baeza, J. A. (2022) Unresolved taxonomy can confounds invasive species identification: the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) species complex and recent introduction of Lysmata vittata sensu stricto in the western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 42 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruab 079" type="journal article" year="2022">
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<emphasis id="B902554C8D29FFE7B423FDCAFE75FD81" box="[350,407,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
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).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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