209 lines
21 KiB
XML
209 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="02B18F8C9C28BB73CACE5FBE6BDD5CB2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Centronycteris centralis Thomas 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="370" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="370" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="104F592830468B63B78A70861986C6A4">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E6CF4FF6AB5F80FC67DC17AB91FA6A85" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EF9F19E5024549E5DD5B59510A736C77">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BF62B11613F3F3E9563E61AB00506790">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C716DA775A73A7D100D29795FF7AFC3B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="4A786B67A6102EB316CEB36269F7D305" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="070BE4F0B07739D6CFEC03CACBD5A633">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="5A1F3296650ACA498FD7B7CD0851CEB4">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:name id="83F82E6286CDF7DCA09ADA175B38FACC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="355C111A52BC97EB043FC810011CFC8A">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="361173F603D08D1474931FAE253C3250">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="240BAF9A2DA24ADC1BE899F654ACE197" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BFD25CFF1F55DB643BC19BA0222E4370">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9260D82F635628508E38F82DB5E879FF">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A87F2E9A6E74219EA4116537B5195F3">
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<mods:title id="D796B880EC4168A32532D75F027ECDFF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="CE4AD1DE9779BF70EBCAB199C4E3CFB7">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="486039288F173F7135F08A22DA56A7B9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AAEFF53E4A488329014CDAD7291CED39" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810779" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FF723C6DFC60F6BE" box="[215,920,2330,2391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FF723C6DFC60F6BE" blockId="21.[214,1776,2330,2440]" box="[215,920,2330,2391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFDA4C11FF723C6DFEE7F6BE" box="[215,287,2330,2391]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="18.[158,200,4437,4464]" captionTargetBox="[151,3442,179,4670]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="On following pages: 40. Lesser Ghost Bat (Diclidurus scutatus); 41. Isabelline Ghost Bat (Diclidurus isabella); 42. Lesser Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx macrotis); 43. Greater Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx kappleri); 44. Trinidad Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx trinitatis); 45. White-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx leucoptera); 46. Pale-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx pallidoptera); 47. Thomas's Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris centrali); 48. Common Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris maximiliani); 49. Proboscis Bat (Rhynchonycteris naso); 50. Greater Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx bilineata}; 51. Lesser Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx leptura); 52. rosted Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx canescens); 53. Antioquian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx antioquensis); 54. Amazonian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx gymnura)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740275/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">47</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FEE73C6DFC60F6BE" box="[322,920,2330,2391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Thomas’s Shaggy Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FC783C6DF9E2F6BE" box="[989,1562,2330,2391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FC783C6DF9E2F6BE" blockId="21.[214,1776,2330,2440]" box="[989,1562,2330,2391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDA4C11FC783C6DF9E2F6BE" ID-CoL="5XHMD" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1912" box="[989,1562,2330,2391]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Centronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centralis">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FC783C6DF9E2F6BE" box="[989,1562,2330,2391]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Centronycteris centralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FF723C1AF908F66C" box="[215,1776,2410,2437]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FF723C1AF908F66C" blockId="21.[214,1776,2330,2440]" box="[215,1776,2410,2437]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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French: Centronyctère de Thomas/ German:
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FC9A3C1DFB04F66C" box="[831,1276,2410,2437]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Thomas-Spornscheidenschwanz</emphasis>
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/ Spanish:
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FA303C1DF9AEF66C" box="[1429,1622,2410,2437]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Centronicterio</emphasis>
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de Thomas
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FBA83CBAFB8BF5C0" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FBA83CBAFB8BF5C0" blockId="21.[1037,1836,2509,3076]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FBA83CBAFB22F61D" box="[1037,1242,2509,2548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDA4C11FB503CBAFB94F5C0" ID-CoL="5XHMD" authority="Thomas, 1912" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Centronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centralis">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FB503CBAF984F61D" box="[1269,1660,2509,2548]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Centronycteris centralis</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1912
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FB243F75F961F5C0" box="[1153,1689,2562,2601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FB243F75F961F5C0" blockId="21.[1037,1836,2509,3076]" box="[1153,1689,2562,2601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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“
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFDA4C11FB353F75F97CF5C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781777" box="[1168,1668,2562,2601]" country="Panama" location="Bogava" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="type">
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<location id="8EA3603FFFDA4C11FB353F75FAE3F5C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5:8EA3603FFFDA4C11FB353F75FAE3F5C0" box="[1168,1307,2562,2601]" country="Panama" name="Bogava" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" stateProvince="Chiriqui">Bogava</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B8F806FFDA4C11FA953F75FA2AF5C0" box="[1328,1490,2562,2601]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFDA4C11FA403F75F97CF5C0" box="[1509,1668,2562,2601]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Panama</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FBA83F40FA0DF5B7" box="[1037,1525,2615,2654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FBA83F40FA0DF5B7" blockId="21.[1037,1836,2509,3076]" box="[1037,1525,2615,2654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FBAB3F1BFCE2F245" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFDA4C11FBAB3F1BF98FF481" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747993/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" targetBox="[212,1007,2510,3068]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FBAB3F1BF98FF481" blockId="21.[1037,1836,2509,3076]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Distribution. Along Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean versants of S Mexico through Central America to SE Peru and NW Bolivia, in S Costa Rica and Panama it ranges on Pacific and Caribbean slopes.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FBA83E02FCE2F245" blockId="21.[1037,1836,2509,3076]" lastBlockId="21.[216,1840,3092,4662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FBA83E02FA99F475" bold="true" box="[1037,1377,2933,2972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 42 - 59 mm, tail 18-40 mm, ear 17-20 mm, hindfoot 7-9 mm, forearm 42-9-49 mm; weight 4
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF4F3963FEFEF3D2" bold="true" box="[234,262,3092,3131]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">-</emphasis>
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6 g.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FEFC3963FE66F3D2" box="[345,414,3092,3131]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Fur</emphasis>
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of Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is long and shaggy; dorsum is dull yellow-brown, orange-brown, or gray-brown becoming orange-brown on rump; and venter is graybrown and paler than dorsum. Ear rises above crown (11-20 mm), and inner surface of pinna is ribbed. Facial skin and flight membranes are black. Uropatagium is long and well haired at base; when
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FCB6399FFC9FF2E6" box="[787,871,3304,3343]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">fully</emphasis>
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extended, it is longer than legs. Calcar is long and supports trailing edge of extended uropatagium.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FB28386AFAFBF2AD" box="[1165,1283,3357,3396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Wings</emphasis>
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attach to feet at metacarpalphalangeal joint of toes. Dental formula of the two species
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FAFB3826F97AF291" box="[1374,1666,3409,3448]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDA4C11FA323826F97AF291" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1431,1666,3409,3448]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Centronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Centronycteris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is I 1/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FDD338F2FD76F245" box="[630,654,3461,3500]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">x</emphasis>
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2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11FF7F38CCF4AFFD9F" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FF7F38CCF935F1FF" blockId="21.[216,1840,3092,4662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF7F38CCFE91F20B" box="[218,361,3515,3554]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Mature rainforests, semideciduous forests, and secondary forests. In Panama, Thomas’s Shaggy Bat occurs in ridge top cloud forest up to elevations of 1450 m.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FF7F3B53FE19EF78" blockId="21.[216,1840,3092,4662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF7F3B53FDB8F1A2" bold="true" box="[218,576,3620,3659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF7F3B53FDC0F1A2" box="[218,568,3620,3659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is insectivorous. It forages while flying back and forth along a route, with slow, deliberate, fluttering flight, and often along natural and man-made pathways. It
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FD433BF9FCB0F15C" box="[742,840,3726,3765]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">preys</emphasis>
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on aerial insects in moderately cluttered to open forest habitats within understories and over flowing creeks. Based on direct observations, it forages 2-5-5 m aboveground. Most identifiable stomach remains in a female from a swamp forest in lowland Costa Rica contained planthoppers (Fulgoroidea, Homop tera) but also at least two different beetles
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FBA33A16FBEAF061" bold="true" box="[1030,1042,3937,3976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">(</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDA4C11FBB63A16FB08F061" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1043,1264,3937,3976]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FB553A16FAFDF061" bold="true" box="[1264,1285,3937,3976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">),</emphasis>
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one of which was probably a leaf-beetle (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDA4C11FE1E3AE1FD1AF054" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[443,738,3990,4029]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
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), and parts tentatively identified as orthopteran. No scales or other evidence of lepidopterans were present. Based on generalized behavior of these prey, Thomas’s Shaggy Bat might feed by gleaning
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FB593A88FA81EFCF" box="[1276,1401,4095,4134]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">insects</emphasis>
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from surfaces ofleaves and branches, taking slow-flying insects on the wing, or using a combination of these two strategies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FF7E25E9FA85EE25" blockId="21.[216,1840,3092,4662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF7E25E9FE6AEF2C" bold="true" box="[219,402,4254,4293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF7E25E9FE72EF2C" box="[219,394,4254,4293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Breeding</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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North of the equator, female Thomas’s Shaggy Bats are pregnant in late April to mid-May in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A non-pregnant female from Costa Rica was reported in
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FDB72470FD45EEC7" box="[530,701,4359,4398]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">February</emphasis>
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. South of the equator in south-eastern Peru, a pregnant female was reported in late September, and a lactating female in November. In Ecuador, a female with a small, 9-mm embryo was reported in February. Although information is scant, parturition in South America might occur
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FB0524D2FB06EE25" box="[1184,1278,4517,4556]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">twice</emphasis>
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a year.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11FF7C24ACF3C2FE3F" blockId="21.[216,1840,3092,4662]" lastBlockId="21.[1931,3571,372,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11FF7C24ACFDEFEDEB" bold="true" box="[217,535,4571,4610]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is crepuscular and roosts in hollow trees and on tree trunks in forest understories. It emerges to forage in late afternoon and continues foraging into early night. Several individuals were observed foraging within
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F2FF3402F20BFE75" box="[3418,3571,373,412]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">sight of</emphasis>
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each other along a cleared telegraph right-of-way in Nicaragua.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11F8293497F4AFFD9F" blockId="21.[1931,3571,372,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F8293497F4AEFDEE" bold="true" box="[1932,2902,480,519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F4C23497F416FDEE" box="[2919,3054,480,519]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Several</emphasis>
|
||
observations of Thomas’s Shaggy Bats using
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F74A3760F686FDD7" box="[2287,2430,535,574]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">specific</emphasis>
|
||
foraging areas
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F50C3760F505FDD7" box="[2729,2813,535,574]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">over</emphasis>
|
||
multiple nights suggested that they established core foraging areas in their home ranges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11F82937F7F648FC6B" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11F82937F7F648FC6B" blockId="21.[1931,3571,372,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F82937F7F6A7FD4E" box="[1932,2399,640,679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F82937F7F7ABFD4E" bold="true" box="[1932,2131,640,679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Status and</emphasis>
|
||
Conservation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Classified as Least Concern on The
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F3BD37F7F2DEFD4E" box="[3096,3366,640,679]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas’s Shaggy Bat has a large distribution but is represented by very few specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F29737C1F274FD34" box="[3378,3468,694,733]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Very</emphasis>
|
||
little is known
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F79B379AF755FCFD" box="[2110,2221,749,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">about</emphasis>
|
||
its life history and ecology. Although it occurs in some protected areas and likely occurs in others, it does not have targeted management plans or specific protection except in Mexico.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDA4C11F82936E3F706FBF5" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDA4C11F82936E3F706FBF5" blockId="21.[1931,3571,372,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F82936E3F7A4FC46" bold="true" box="[1932,2140,916,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F7C236E3F6D9FC46" box="[2151,2337,916,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Alberico eta</emphasis>
|
||
/. (2000),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F61736E3F5F5FC46" box="[2482,2573,916,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Albuja</emphasis>
|
||
(1999),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F52E36E3F527FC46" box="[2699,2783,916,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Baker</emphasis>
|
||
& Jones (1975), Eisenberg (1989), Emmons &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F20E36E3F214FC46" box="[3499,3564,916,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Feer</emphasis>
|
||
(1997), Hice & Solari (2002), Reid (2009), Simmons &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F51536BEF4D0FC0D" box="[2736,2856,969,996]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Handley</emphasis>
|
||
(1998), Starrett & Casebeer (1968), Timm
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F20636BEF23BFC0D" box="[3491,3523,969,996]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (1989),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDA4C11F8533176F777FBF5" box="[2038,2191,1025,1052]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Woodman</emphasis>
|
||
(2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |