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<document id="F7675DECC587FB9C2E11ADEE48651F1B" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00527.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5443075" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630454762105" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="García-Paredes, Israel, Peláez-Campomanes, Pablo &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, M. Ángeles" docDate="2009" docId="03D5878B1751AB65FF40625E9D881D8E" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2009.00527.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00527.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Simplomys meulenorum García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="644" masterDocId="FFECFFF31745AB73FF9464629E0B1F6A" masterDocTitle="Gliridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) with a simple dental pattern: a new genus and new species from the European Early and Middle Miocene" masterLastPageNumber="652" masterPageNumber="622" pageNumber="642" updateTime="1699276861509" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="03E6929C25E92D8473A3EDE5A0926105">Gliridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) with a simple dental pattern: a new genus and new species from the European Early and Middle Miocene</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E6E76F54FFEA3FE48F94A3059F44868">García-Paredes, Israel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FBC725184335C555468F92162BC084F5">Peláez-Campomanes, Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E78E9F17D7895AD5EE5DFB4E9EB90A46">Álvarez-Sierra, M. Ángeles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="29778A70841621F1AC9FFC7C70913D01">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E09EC29ECF3D98246C4E1BF708192F97">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8791423070243CF48C3726EF641E841D">2009-10-26</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D5878B1751AB65FF40625E9D881D8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5878B1751AB65FF40625E9D881D8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D5878B1751AB65FF40625E9D881D8E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="644" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<subSubSection id="C36665161751AB67FF40625E9C311918" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FF40625E9CD1193B" blockId="20.[212,730,1596,1650]" box="[212,730,1596,1618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<heading id="D08B81F11751AB67FF40625E9CD1193B" box="[212,730,1596,1618]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FF40625E9C07193B" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[212,524,1596,1617]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FF40625E9C07193B" bold="true" box="[212,524,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">SIMPLOMYS MEULENORUM</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
GARCÍA- PAREDES
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FEE1623D9C311918" blockId="20.[212,730,1596,1650]" box="[373,570,1628,1650]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<heading id="D08B81F11751AB67FEE1623D9C311918" box="[373,570,1628,1650]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FEE1623D9FD1191B" bold="true" box="[373,474,1628,1649]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">SP. NOV.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A181751AB67FE78623E9C3A1918" box="[492,561,1628,1650]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[144,223,1414,1433]" captionTargetBox="[367,1201,195,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-165@15.[367,1201,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Simplomys meulenorum sp. nov. from Artesilla (collection MNCN). A, P4 ART-1142. B, M1 ART-874. C, M2 ART-882. D, M3 ART-1164. E, P4 ART-1227. F, M1 ART-873. G, M2 ART-886. H, M3 ART-1163. I, p4 ART-2498. J, m1 ART-901. K, m2 ART-910. L, m3 ART-1156. M, p4 ART-2499. N, m1 ART-894 holotype. O, m2 ART-918. P, m3 ART-1158. Right side specimens underlined. Holotype in italics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443101/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">FIG. 8</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36665161751AB65FF3062E19D881D8E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="644" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FF3062E19D0019DD" blockId="20.[164,779,1667,1903]" box="[164,779,1667,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FF3062E19FCC19DC" box="[164,455,1667,1718]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
Synonymy
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FF3062C39FCC19DC" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,455,1697,1718]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">Pseudodryomys robustus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B6C1751AB67FE6A62C39D0019DD" author="Diaz Molina M &amp; Lopez Martinez N" box="[510,779,1697,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" pagination="149 - 167" refId="ref17485" refString="Diaz Molina M, Lopez Martinez N. 1979. El Terciario continental de la Depresion Intermedia (Cuenca). Bioestratigrafia y Paleogeografia. Estudios Geologicos 35: 149 - 167." type="journal article" year="1979">
Díaz
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FDD762C39C9819DD" authority="Lopez" authorityName="Bradbury" authorityYear="2000" box="[579,659,1697,1719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paramelitidae" genus="Molina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Molina</taxonomicName>
&amp; López
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FF2962A29D001878" blockId="20.[164,779,1667,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
Martínez, 1979.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FF3062BC9FCB1999" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,448,1758,1779]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FF3062BC9FCB1999" box="[164,448,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B6C1751AB67FE7E62BC9CCC199E" author="Alferez F &amp; Molero G &amp; Brea P &amp; Santafe JV" box="[490,711,1758,1780]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" pagination="249 - 276" refId="ref16028" refString="Alferez F, Molero G, Brea P, Santafe JV. 1982. Precisiones sobre la Geologia, fauna, cronoestratigrafia y paleoecologia del yacimiento Mioceno de Corcoles. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid 76: 249 - 276." type="journal article" year="1982">
Alférez
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FDD162BD9C761999" box="[581,637,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
, 1982
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FF30629F9FC11878" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,458,1789,1810]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FF30629F9FC11878" box="[164,458,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B6C1751AB67FD93629E9D001878" author="Alvarez Sierra MA &amp; Daams R &amp; Pelaez-Campomanes P" box="[519,779,1788,1811]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" pagination="18 - 21" refId="ref15497" refString="Alvarez Sierra MA, Daams R, Pelaez-Campomanes P. 1994. Synthesis of Late Oligocene / Early Miocene micromammal faunas of the Loranca basin (Province of Cuenca, Spain). In: Fernandez Lopez S, ed. Comunicaciones de las X Jornadas de Paleontologia. Madrid: Sociedad Espanola de Paleontologia, 18 - 21." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Álvarez Sierra
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FD58629C9D0F1878" box="[716,772,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
,
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FF29637E9CDD1804" blockId="20.[164,779,1667,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
1994.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FF3063589FCB1825" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,448,1850,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FF3063589FCB1825" box="[164,448,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B6C1751AB67FE7E63589CCC1825" author="Alferez F &amp; Inigo C &amp; Molero G &amp; Maldonado E" box="[490,711,1850,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" pagination="261 - 273" refId="ref15958" refString="Alferez F, Inigo C, Molero G, Maldonado E. 1999. El registro fosil de Corcoles (Guadalajara), Espana: Reflejo de la vida en la Alcarria en el Mioceno inferior. In: Aguirre E, Rabano I, eds. La huella del pasado: Fosiles de Castilla-La Mancha. Toledo: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 261 - 273." type="book chapter" year="1999">
Alférez
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FDD163599C761825" box="[581,637,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FF30633B9FCB1804" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,448,1881,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FF30633B9FCB1804" box="[164,448,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Morales
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FDDB633B9C8C1804" box="[591,647,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCAE64A49D991F90" blockId="20.[826,1441,198,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCAE64A49A5E1FB1" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[826,1109,198,219]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE64A49A5E1FB1" box="[826,1109,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pro-parte in
<collectingRegion id="49B8F87F1751AB67FB7B64A49B101FB1" box="[1263,1307,198,219]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Van</collectingRegion>
Dam
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FAF764A59B911FB1" box="[1379,1434,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCAE65619DD11E5D" blockId="20.[826,1441,198,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCAE65619A5F1E72" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[826,1108,259,280]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE65619A5F1E72" box="[826,1108,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pro-parte in
<collectingRegion id="49B8F87F1751AB67FB7F65669B1C1E73" box="[1259,1303,260,281]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Van</collectingRegion>
der Meulen
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCC765409D801E5D" box="[851,907,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCAE65229AA61E1E" blockId="20.[826,1441,198,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCAE65229A5F1E3F" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[826,1108,320,341]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE65229A5F1E3F" box="[826,1108,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Pseudodryomys robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B143CC01751AB67FBCF65239AA21E1E" collectorName="Meulen &amp; Pelaez-Campomanes" location="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Van">
pro-parte in
<collectingRegion id="49B8F87F1751AB67FB7F65239B1C1E3C" box="[1259,1303,321,342]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Van</collectingRegion>
der
<collectorName id="2689534B1751AB67FADF65229BAA1E3C" box="[1355,1441,320,342]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Meulen</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2689534B1751AB67FCE5653D9A6B1E1F" box="[881,1120,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Peláez-Campomanes</collectorName>
, 2007
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCAE65D39A6C1DB0" blockId="20.[826,1442,432,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE65D39DBA1EAC" box="[826,945,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Medium to large-sized
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FB7465D29B551EAF" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[1248,1374,432,453]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FB7465D29B551EAF" box="[1248,1374,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Simplomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with simple dental pattern. Centrolophs are absent. The anteroloph is interrupted in the middle in half of the M1 and may be connected medially to the protoloph. The centrolophid is absent or poorly developed and does not extend into the central valley. The mesolophid of the m3 is reduced and limited to the lingual part (entoconid). In most cases the mesolophid and posterolophid are fused as a unique ridge and the posterior valley is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCAE67779DF81BD3" blockId="20.[826,1442,789,1759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE67779B641C40" box="[826,1391,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
Differential diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FBC567779B641C40" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[1105,1391,789,810]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">Simplomys meulenorum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FA1567749D631C23" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FB8467569ACE1C23" baseAuthorityName="De Bruijn" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1040,1221,820,841]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplicidens">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FB8467569ACE1C23" box="[1040,1221,820,841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. simplicidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a less developed centrolophid and by its less reduced and simplified premolars. When these species occur in the same association,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FBC067F29B001CCF" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[1108,1291,912,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FBC067F29B001CCF" box="[1108,1291,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FA8967F29B761CCF" box="[1309,1405,912,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is larger, and the m3 is more reduced and simplified. When the mesolophid and posterolophid of the m3 are fused in a single ridge, in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FB2B678E9B791B6B" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[1215,1394,1004,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FB2B678E9B791B6B" box="[1215,1394,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FA15678E9D631B4A" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the last ridge is mainly composed of the posterolophid and the mesolophid is almost completely reduced (
<figureCitation id="13472A181751AB67FC3360259A171B37" box="[935,1052,1095,1117]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[144,223,1414,1433]" captionTargetBox="[367,1201,195,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-165@15.[367,1201,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Simplomys meulenorum sp. nov. from Artesilla (collection MNCN). A, P4 ART-1142. B, M1 ART-874. C, M2 ART-882. D, M3 ART-1164. E, P4 ART-1227. F, M1 ART-873. G, M2 ART-886. H, M3 ART-1163. I, p4 ART-2498. J, m1 ART-901. K, m2 ART-910. L, m3 ART-1156. M, p4 ART-2499. N, m1 ART-894 holotype. O, m2 ART-918. P, m3 ART-1158. Right side specimens underlined. Holotype in italics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443101/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Fig. 8L, P</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FB54602A9B7A1B36" baseAuthorityName="De Bruijn" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1216,1393,1095,1117]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplicidens">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FB54602A9B7A1B36" box="[1216,1393,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. simplicidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the last ridge is equally composed of the lingual part of the mesolophid and the labial part of the posterolophid (
<figureCitation id="13472A181751AB67FC1A60C19DED1BD3" box="[910,998,1187,1209]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="11.[144,223,1374,1393]" captionTargetBox="[367,1201,195,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-201@11.[367,1201,195,1345]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 4. Simplomys simplicidens (De Bruijn, 1966) from Valdemoros 3F (Fig. 4A–H) and Artesilla (Fig. 4I–P) (collection MNCN). A, P4 VA3F-27. B, M1 VA3F-39. C, M2 VA3F-52. D, M3 VA3F-62. E, p4 VA3F-342. F, m1 VA3F-73. G, m2 VA3F-76. H, m3 VA3F-95. I, P4 ART-1134. J, M1 ART-931. K, M2 ART-943. L, M3 ART-1173. M, p4 ART-2455. N, m1 ART-966. O, m2 ART-990. P, m3 ART-1186. Right side specimens underlined." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443085/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCC760A09B921A38" blockId="20.[826,1442,789,1759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCC760A09A641BBD" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[851,1135,1218,1239]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCC760A09A641BBD" box="[851,1135,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Simplomys meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FBEB60A09AD61BBD" box="[1151,1245,1218,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FA1E60A09D971B9F" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FA1E60A09D971B9F" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a less-developed centrolophid and by the simpler morphology of the posterior part of the m3. When both species co-occur in the same locality
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCAE615F9DE21A3B" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[826,1001,1340,1362]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE615F9DE21A3B" box="[826,1001,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FC67615F9A401A38" box="[1011,1099,1341,1362]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FA84615F9B981A3B" authorityName="De Bruijn" authorityYear="1967" box="[1296,1427,1340,1362]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Pseudodryomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FA84615F9B981A3B" box="[1296,1427,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCC761399B491A81" blockId="20.[826,1442,789,1759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCC761399A641A1A" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[851,1135,1371,1392]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCC761399A641A1A" box="[851,1135,1371,1392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Simplomys meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FBEB61399AD61A1A" box="[1151,1245,1371,1392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FA1E61399D871AE4" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aljaphi">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FA1E61399D871AE4" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. aljaphi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger cheek teeth and by having in general a less complicated dental pattern, less developed centrolophid, and by having the posterior part of the m3 more reduced and simplified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCC761969D9919B5" blockId="20.[826,1442,789,1759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCC761969A6D1963" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[851,1126,1524,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCC761969A6D1963" box="[851,1126,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Simplomys meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FBF961969AC91963" box="[1133,1218,1524,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FAC761969BAA1963" baseAuthorityName="Daams" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1363,1441,1524,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FAC761969BAA1963" box="[1363,1441,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. julii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger cheek teeth and by having a more concave occlusal surface. In
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FB1862539B36192C" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[1164,1341,1585,1606]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FB1862539B36192C" box="[1164,1341,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FADD62539BA9192C" box="[1353,1442,1585,1606]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the central valley of M1 and M2 is narrower and its protoloph–metaloph connection is more pointed than in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCCF62EF9DA019C8" baseAuthorityName="Daams" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[859,939,1677,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCCF62EF9DA019C8" box="[859,939,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. julii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FC4A62EF9A8619C8" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[990,1165,1677,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FC4A62EF9A8619C8" box="[990,1165,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. meulenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41751AB67FB0362EF9AE519C8" box="[1175,1262,1677,1698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the anteroloph and the anterior valley of M1 are not straight as in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1751AB67FCAE62A89D8119B5" baseAuthorityName="Daams" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[826,906,1738,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE62A89D8119B5" box="[826,906,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">S. julii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1751AB67FCAE637E9A331805" blockId="20.[826,1441,1820,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1751AB67FCAE637E9DB3185B" box="[826,952,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Etymology:</emphasis>
After our friend and colleague Dr Albert J. van der Meulen (
<collectingRegion id="49B8F87F1751AB67FB8363589A7B183A" box="[1047,1136,1850,1872]" country="Netherlands" name="Utrecht" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">Utrecht</collectingRegion>
University,
<collectingCountry id="F36B760D1751AB67FA9963589D731805" name="Netherlands" pageId="20" pageNumber="642">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
) and his family.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0464A59C9F1F90" blockId="21.[144,758,198,250]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0464A59F231FB1" box="[144,296,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">Type locality:</emphasis>
Artesilla, Calatayud–Montalbán basin,
<collectingCountry id="F36B760D1750AB66FF0464869ED91F90" box="[144,210,228,250]" name="Spain" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">Spain</collectingCountry>
(local zone C, MN 4, Lower Miocene).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0465409F001E3F" blockId="21.[144,758,290,342]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CC01750AB66FF0465409F001E3F" collectionCode="MNCN" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" specimenCount="8" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0465409EF11E5D" box="[144,250,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<typeStatus id="54C7883F1750AB66FF0465409EFF1E5D" box="[144,244,290,311]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
m1 left (ART-894 stored at
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE581750AB66FD0965409CE41E52" box="[669,751,290,312]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
)
<figureCitation id="13472A181750AB66FF0465229F0C1E3F" box="[144,263,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[144,223,1414,1433]" captionTargetBox="[367,1201,195,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-165@15.[367,1201,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Simplomys meulenorum sp. nov. from Artesilla (collection MNCN). A, P4 ART-1142. B, M1 ART-874. C, M2 ART-882. D, M3 ART-1164. E, P4 ART-1227. F, M1 ART-873. G, M2 ART-886. H, M3 ART-1163. I, p4 ART-2498. J, m1 ART-901. K, m2 ART-910. L, m3 ART-1156. M, p4 ART-2499. N, m1 ART-894 holotype. O, m2 ART-918. P, m3 ART-1158. Right side specimens underlined. Holotype in italics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443101/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
Figure
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FF7665229F0C1E3F" box="[226,263,320,341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">8N</specimenCount>
</figureCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF04651C9FD01EF9" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" box="[144,475,381,403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CC01750AB66FF04651C9FD01EF9" box="[144,475,381,403]" collectionCode="MNCN" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF04651C9FD01EF9" box="[144,475,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<typeStatus id="54C7883F1750AB66FF04651C9F0A1EF9" box="[144,257,382,403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(stored at
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE581750AB66FE15651C9FD81EF9" box="[385,467,382,403]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0465FE9F121EBA" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">P4: ART-1142; ART-1148 to ART-1152; ART-1227; ART-1228</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0465BB9EEB1D64" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">M1: ART-870 to ART-876; ART-922; ART-929; ART- 1035</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0466759FBC1D21" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">M2: ART-878; ART-879; ART-881 to ART-886; ART- 888; ART-890; ART-950</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0466369EEB1DED" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">M3: ART-524; ART-1160; ART-1162 to ART-1168; ART- 1217</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0466F39CA01DCC" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" box="[144,683,657,679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">p4: ART-1225; ART-2426; ART-2498; ART-2499</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0466D29CA51DAF" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" box="[144,686,688,709]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">m1: ART-891 to ART-898; ART-900 to ART-907</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0466AC9C281D89" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" box="[144,547,718,739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">m2: ART-908 to ART-920; ART-984</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF04668F9CC21C68" blockId="21.[144,759,381,770]" box="[144,713,748,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">m3: ART-1154 to ART-1159; ART-1222; ART-1224</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0467489FB31C34" blockId="21.[144,758,810,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0467489FDD1C55" box="[144,470,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">Stratigraphical distribution:</emphasis>
Local zones A to C (MN 3-MN 4, Lower Miocene).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0467E49C061CD3" blockId="21.[144,759,902,954]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0467E49F881CD0" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
Material and measurements from localities in the Aragonian
<typeStatus id="54C7883F1750AB66FE8667C79F4B1CD0" box="[274,320,933,954]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">type</typeStatus>
area:
</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="C6FE03261750AB66FE1867C69C021CD3" box="[396,521,932,954]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStart-2="Table 3" captionStartId-0="5.[144,208,198,217]" captionStartId-1="6.[143,207,439,460]" captionStartId-2="8.[143,207,517,538]" captionText-0="Table 1. Material of Simplomys meulenorum sp.nov. from localities of the Aragonian type area (Calatayud–Montalbán basin, Spain)" captionText-1="Table 2. Descriptive statistics for Simplomys meulenorum sp. nov. upper cheek teeth from localities of the Aragonian type area (Calatayud–Montalbán basin)" captionText-2="Table 3. Descriptive statistics for Simplomys meulenorum sp. nov. lower cheek teeth from localities of the Aragonian type area (Calatayud–Montalbán basin)" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">Tables 1–3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0467809CDE1C9D" blockId="21.[144,759,993,1566]" box="[144,725,993,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0467809CDE1C9D" box="[144,725,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
Description of
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FEAD67839CDE1C9D" bold="true" box="[313,725,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D1E1750AB66FEAD67839C601C9D" authority="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra, 2009" authorityName="García-Paredes &amp; Peláez-Campomanes &amp; Álvarez-Sierra" authorityYear="2009" box="[313,619,993,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Simplomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meulenorum" status="sp. nov.">Simplomys meulenorum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F41750AB66FDE167809CDE1C9D" box="[629,725,994,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0460629F3B1B7F" blockId="21.[144,759,993,1566]" box="[144,304,1024,1045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0460629F3B1B7F" box="[144,304,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">from Artesilla</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF04607D9F521974" blockId="21.[144,759,993,1566]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF04607D9EBE1B5E" box="[144,181,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">P4:</emphasis>
The occlusal surface is slightly concave and it has an oval or subtriangular outline. It is small in comparison to the molars. The dental pattern is simple and all specimens have four ridges. The anteroloph is usually short and situated in the middle part of the anterior border. Its labial and lingual parts end free in all the specimens. The anteroloph may be interrupted in its medial part and shows a medial connection with the protoloph in three out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FD2861719F021A22" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
. The protoloph is oblique and its lingual end shows a cusp-like shape (protocone). The metaloph is short and its lingual end extends just to the centre of the occlusal surface. Protoloph and metaloph are connected in seven out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FE7461CE9C9D1AA8" box="[480,662,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
forming a composite Y-shape. The short isolated posteroloph is situated medially and reaches neither the lingual nor the labial border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FF0462249DCB1E85" blockId="21.[144,759,1605,1903]" lastBlockId="21.[806,1421,198,495]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FF0462249EB01931" box="[144,187,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">M1:</emphasis>
The occlusal surface of the M1 is concave and has a square outline with rounded corners. The most common morphotype shows four main ridges, with the metaloph connected to the protoloph, forming an asymmetric Y-shape, and the anteroloph interrupted and medially connected to the protoloph. The anteroloph is well developed and its labial and lingual parts end free in all specimens. The anteroloph is interrupted in seven out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FE4163589C81183A" box="[469,650,1850,1872]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
. There is a longitudinal connection between the anteroloph and protoloph in six out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FBB964A49AEA1FB6" box="[1069,1249,198,220]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
. The protoloph is the longest ridge; its lingual part is more oblique than the anteroloph and reaches the posterolingual corner of the occlusal surface. The labial end of the protoloph is curved anteriorly near the border of the tooth. There are no centrolophs. The lingual end of the metaloph shows a slight bend and its labial end is curved backwards. The isolated posteroloph is relatively straight, it reaches neither the lingual nor the labial border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FCB266579B191C9D" blockId="21.[806,1421,565,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FCB266579D591D20" box="[806,850,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">M2:</emphasis>
The occlusal surface of the M2 has a more rectangular outline than the M1. The anteroloph is not divided and there is no longitudinal connection with the protoloph. The anteroloph ends free lingually and it is connected labially to the protoloph in one out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FCB266AC9DD91D8E" box="[806,978,718,740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
. As in the M1, the protoloph is the longest ridge. Its lingual end reaches the posterolingual corner of the occlusal surface. The metaloph is relatively straight. The protoloph and metaloph are connected, forming an asymmetrical Y-shape. Centrolophs are absent. The posteroloph is relatively straight; it reaches neither the lingual nor the labial border. It is labially connected to the metaloph in one out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FCE767A19A1C1CB3" box="[883,1047,963,985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
and it is lingually connected to the protoloph in four out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FBE567839B051C9D" box="[1137,1294,993,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1750AB66FCB2605F9AD01805" blockId="21.[806,1421,1085,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1750AB66FCB2605F9D591B38" box="[806,850,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="643">M3:</emphasis>
The M3 has a concave occlusal surface and trapezoidal outline. The posterior part is narrower than the anterior one and it is slightly rounded. All specimens have four ridges. The labial and lingual ends of the anteroloph are curved backwards, and all specimens have the anteroloph connected labially to the protoloph. The anteroloph and protoloph are always connected labially, whereas they are lingually connected in only four out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FBD361509AE71A22" box="[1095,1260,1330,1352]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
. As in the M2, the anteroloph is neither divided nor medially connected to the protoloph. The protoloph is curved posterolingually. Its lingual and labial ends are aligned at right angles to the anteroposterior axis of the tooth. Most specimens (eight out of ten) show a strongly asymmetric Y-shaped trigon but in
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FA8861889D681974" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
the protoloph and metaloph are joined on the lingual border and the trigon shows an asymmetric V-shape. Centrolophs are absent. The curve of the metaloph is variable. Its labial part may be directed backwards. The posteroloph is the shortest ridge and ends free labially. The lingual end of the posteroloph reaches the border of the occlusal surface. It is lingually connected to the protoloph in seven out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FAFC62BD9D901879" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
(forming an asymmetric Y-shaped trigon) and to the metaloph in two out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FB70637E9B86185B" box="[1252,1421,1819,1841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
(forming a V-shaped trigon). Only in
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141750AB66FB4263599B7A183A" box="[1238,1393,1850,1872]" pageId="21" pageNumber="643" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
is the posteroloph lingually free-ending.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1753AB65FF3064A49C431EBB" blockId="22.[164,779,198,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1753AB65FF3064A49ECC1FB1" box="[164,199,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">p4:</emphasis>
The outline of the occlusal surface is oval and slightly concave. The p4 is small compared to the molars and its morphology is simpler than these. The anterior part is occupied by a curved ridge which is assumed to be formed by the union of the anterolophid and metalophid. The mesolophid is very short and connected to the posterolophid near the lingual border in three out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FE5765FE9C731ED8" box="[451,632,412,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
. There is a narrow trace of the posterior valley.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1753AB65FF3066659CEB1BEB" blockId="22.[164,779,519,1153]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1753AB65FF3066659EC51D76" box="[164,206,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">m1:</emphasis>
The occlusal surface is slightly concave, with a subrectangular outline. The anterior part is narrower than the posterior one. The short anterolophid is slightly curved. Its labial part ends free in all specimens and does not reach the labial border of the tooth. The metalophid is sharply bent and its isolated labial end constitutes the anterolabial corner of the tooth, whereas its lingual border does not reach the anterolingual corner, but is connected to the anterolophid in 11 out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FEEB67799C161C5A" box="[383,541,794,816]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
. The centrolophid is absent (three out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FE05675B9C201C25" box="[401,555,825,847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
) or is poorly developed. This ridge, interpreted as a residual centrolophid, extends along the lingual border instead of into the central valley. The centrolophid, metalophid, and anterolophid are connected at the lingual border of the tooth in six out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FE3967B09C411C82" box="[429,586,978,1000]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
. Only
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FD0367B19EEA1B6C" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
show a short isolated centrolophid. The mesolophid is bent and its lingual part is directed anteriorly. The posterolophid is the longest ridge and is more curved than the mesolophid. These ridges are connected lingually in eight out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FDAB60099CD61BEB" box="[575,733,1131,1153]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1753AB65FF3060DA9EF61804" blockId="22.[164,779,1208,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1753AB65FF3060DA9EC51BA7" box="[164,206,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">m2:</emphasis>
The m2 differs from m
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having a more rectangular outline, but its morphology is very similar. In general, the anterolophid is not as short as the m1 and its labial end neither reaches the border of the tooth nor joins the metalophid. The angle of the metalophid, situated in its middle part, is less acute than in the m1. The metalophid ends behind the anterolingual corner of the tooth and is connected to the anterolophid in eight out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FDB561CF9CCB1AA8" box="[545,704,1452,1474]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
. In 11 out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FF6061A99F9B1A8B" box="[244,400,1483,1505]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
a small ridge, interpreted as a residual centrolophid, extends along the lingual border, sometimes almost reaching the mesolophid. In
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FF3062459F491957" box="[164,322,1575,1597]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
this structure is absent. The centrolophid, metalophid, and anterolophid are connected at the lingual border in four out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FD8862069CB21910" box="[540,697,1636,1658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
. In the remaining specimen, the centrolophid is connected to the metalophid. The centrolophid is isolated in four out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FF6862A29F9719BC" box="[252,412,1728,1750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
but connected to the lingual border of the anterolophid in three out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FD3762BC9EEF1878" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
. The mesolophid is less bent than in the m1 and is lingually connected to the posterolophid in six out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FF5563589F55183A" box="[193,350,1850,1872]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
. The posterolophid is as described in the m1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3369D1753AB65FCAE64A49D881D8E" blockId="22.[826,1441,198,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">
<emphasis id="B908EA8F1753AB65FCAE64A49D6F1FB1" box="[826,868,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="644">m3:</emphasis>
The occlusal surface is not very concave and its outline forms a half-ellipse. The anterolophid and metalophid are connected lingually in eight out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FCAE65409DF81E52" box="[826,1011,290,312]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
. The centrolophid is more variable than in m1 and m2 and it is absent in five out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FAFB65229DB81E1F" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
. The centrolophid is isolated in
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FABB653D9D651EF9" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
; in the remaining specimens with a centrolophid (three out of nine) it is connected to the metalophid and the anterolophid at the lingual border of the tooth. The posterior part of the m3 is rounded, narrow, and very simplified in all specimens. The mesolophid and posterolophid are fused, forming a single composite posterior ridge and the posterior valley is absent in eight out of
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD141753AB65FB0966369B5B1D00" box="[1181,1360,596,618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="644" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
. In the remaining specimen, the mesolophid is a very small, cusp-like, ridge connected to the posterolophid, but separated from it by a narrow trace of the posterior valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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