608 lines
64 KiB
XML
608 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.13109" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8996732a-01b8-4ffa-8646-33ff5ac5cbaa" ID-PMC="PMC8935995" ID-PubMed="35321409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377348" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1647977351167" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Guayasamin, Juan M., Brunner, Rebecca M., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet, Franco-Mena, Daniela, Ringler, Eva, Medina Armijos, Anderson, Morochz, Carlos, Bustamante, Lucas, Maynard, Ross J. & Culebras, Jaime" docDate="2022" docId="03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.10.1-34.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13109" docTitle="Hyalinobatrachium nouns Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras 2022, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFF2DC52C94DFFD6FFC9FFC07B68FFE8" masterDocTitle="Two new glassfrogs (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from Ecuador, with comments on the endangered biodiversity of the Andes" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668138732962" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new glassfrogs (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from Ecuador, with comments on the endangered biodiversity of the Andes</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador & Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmguayasamin@usfq.edu.ec</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brunner, Rebecca M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Third Millennium Alliance, Quito, Ecuador & Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Behavioral Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Franco-Mena, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ringler, Eva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Behavioral Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Medina Armijos, Anderson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology & Research Department, Mashpi Lodge, Mashpi, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Morochz, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biology & Research Department, Mashpi Lodge, Mashpi, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bustamante, Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Herping, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maynard, Ross J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Biodiversity Group, Tucson, Arizona, United States</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Culebras, Jaime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Photo Wildlife Tours, Quito, Ecuador & Fundación Cóndor Andino, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2022-03-18</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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||
<mods:end>34</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13109</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.13109</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">8996732a-01b8-4ffa-8646-33ff5ac5cbaa</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC8935995</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PubMed">35321409</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6377348</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194205692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377368" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A908651-9A82-4DCA-9960-E8DC525F5ADF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<subSubSection box="[498,962,1447,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1124,1447,1514]" box="[498,962,1447,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[498,816,1447,1474]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="new species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,816,1447,1474]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[824,962,1448,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[498,1124,1487,1514]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1124,1447,1514]" box="[498,1124,1487,1514]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">LSID: 1A908651-9A82-4DCA-9960-E8DC525F5ADF</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1119,1550,1617]" box="[498,1012,1550,1577]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[498,1012,1550,1577]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,801,1550,1576]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Suggested English name:</emphasis>
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Nouns’ Glassfrog
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1119,1550,1617]" box="[498,1119,1590,1617]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,806,1590,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Suggested Spanish name:</emphasis>
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Rana de Cristal de Nouns
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1542,1652,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756301" collectingDate="2012-03-12" collectionCode="MZUTI" collectorName="Mariela Palacios & Jaime Culebras & Juan M. Guayasamin" country="Ecuador" elevation="1420" latitude="0.31" location="Cordillera de Toisan" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-78.781" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MZUTI 3299" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Imbabura Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,618,1653,1679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus box="[498,613,1653,1679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[624,780,1653,1679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MZUTI 3299</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount box="[791,912,1652,1678]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
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||
from
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||
<locationDeviation box="[981,1429,1652,1679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">stream in Bosque Protector Los Cedros</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[1443,1537,1653,1679]" degrees="0.310" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="0.31">0.310 N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[498,613,1692,1719]" degrees="78.781" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="-78.781">78.781 W</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[625,719,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1420.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[625,719,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1420.0">1,420 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889:8EBD43E7C95FFFC4FCE8F95C7F7AF95E" box="[801,1042,1692,1718]" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.31" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-78.781" name="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Imbabura Province">Cordillera de Toisán</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1054,1281,1692,1718]" country="Ecuador" name="Imbabura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Imbabura Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1293,1392,1692,1718]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected by
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||
<collectorName box="[498,692,1732,1758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mariela Palacios</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[706,882,1732,1758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Jaime Culebras</collectorName>
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||
and
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||
<collectorName box="[944,1194,1732,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Juan M. Guayasamin</collectorName>
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||
, on
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||
<date box="[1246,1428,1732,1758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2012-03-12">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1246,1428,1732,1758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2012-03-12">12 March 2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1542,1795,1901]" lastBlockId="19.[498,1542,1452,1877]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756310" collectingDate="2017-11-08" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Morley Read & Arturo Guasti" country="Ecuador" elevation="1229" latitude="0.30241" location="Cordillera de Toisan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="CJ7703" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Imbabura Province" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,624,1795,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<typeStatus box="[498,618,1795,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode box="[632,719,1795,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CJ7703</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount box="[732,856,1795,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
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||
from
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[931,1393,1795,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">stream in Bosque Protector Los Cedros</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1410,1534,1795,1821]" degrees="0.30241" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="1" value="0.30241">0.30241 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[498,641,1834,1861]" degrees="78.78558" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="1" value="-78.78558">78.78558 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[654,749,1835,1861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.229" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1229.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[654,749,1835,1861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.229" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1229.0">1,229 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.),
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[832,1075,1834,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cordillera de Toisán</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1088,1315,1834,1860]" country="Ecuador" name="Imbabura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Imbabura Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1328,1427,1834,1860]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
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||
<collectorName box="[535,686,1874,1900]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morley Read</collectorName>
|
||
and
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||
<collectorName box="[747,912,1874,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arturo Guasti</collectorName>
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||
on
|
||
<date box="[960,1173,1874,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2017-11-08">
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||
<collectingDate box="[960,1173,1874,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2017-11-08">8 November 2017</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756304" collectingDate="2017-11-11" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Morley Read & Arturo Guasti" country="Ecuador" elevation="1241" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" latitude="0.30241" location="Cordillera de Toisan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="CJ7722" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imbabura province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1185,1271,1875,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CJ7722</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1285,1409,1874,1900]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[498,950,1452,1479]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">stream in Bosque Protector Los Cedros</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[965,1088,1453,1479]" degrees="0.30191" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="0.30191">0.30191 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1099,1240,1452,1479]" degrees="78.78513" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="-78.78513">78.78513 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[1252,1345,1453,1479]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.241" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1241.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1252,1345,1453,1479]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.241" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1241.0">1,241 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889:8EBD43E7C95EFFC5FA59FA6C790FFA06" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.30241" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" name="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Imbabura province">Cordillera de Toisán</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[629,855,1492,1518]" country="Ecuador" name="Imbabura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Imbabura province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[868,967,1492,1518]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[1127,1277,1492,1518]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morley Read</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[1338,1503,1492,1518]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Arturo Guasti</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[498,744,1526,1558]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-11-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[498,744,1526,1558]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-11-11">
|
||
November 11
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[658,676,1526,1543]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
|
||
2017
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756302" collectingDate="2017-11-11" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Morley Read & Arturo Guasti" country="Ecuador" elevation="1313" latitude="0.30241" location="Cordillera de Toisan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CJ7723" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imbabura province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[756,843,1532,1558]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CJ7723</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[924,1517,1532,1559]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">male from stream in Bosque Protector Los Cedros</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[506,630,1572,1599]" degrees="0.30302" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="0.30302">0.30302 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[644,787,1572,1599]" degrees="78.78674" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="-78.78674">78.78674 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[801,896,1572,1599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.313" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1313.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[801,896,1572,1599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.313" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1313.0">1,313 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889:8EBD43E7C95EFFC5FC1AF9E47FAFF9D6" box="[979,1223,1572,1598]" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.30241" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" name="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Imbabura province">Cordillera de Toisán</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1236,1463,1572,1598]" country="Ecuador" name="Imbabura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Imbabura province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[498,597,1612,1638]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[758,909,1612,1638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morley Read</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[970,1135,1612,1638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Arturo Guasti</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[1182,1428,1606,1638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-11-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1182,1428,1606,1638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-11-11">
|
||
November 11
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1342,1360,1606,1623]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
|
||
2017
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756306" collectingDate="2018-02-10" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Jose Vieira & Scott Trageser & Ross J. Maynard" country="Ecuador" elevation="1254" latitude="0.30241" location="Cordillera de Toisan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZSFQ-0537" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imbabura province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[498,635,1651,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZSFQ-0537</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[647,771,1652,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[846,1254,1652,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">stream in Río Manduriacu Reserve</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1270,1395,1652,1678]" degrees="0.31126" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="0.31126">0.31126 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1408,1537,1651,1678]" degrees="78.8588" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-78.8588">78.8588 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[498,591,1691,1718]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.254" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1254.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[498,591,1691,1718]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.254" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1254.0">1,254 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889:8EBD43E7C95EFFC5FD56F95B78E6F95D" box="[671,910,1691,1717]" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.30241" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" name="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Imbabura province">Cordillera de Toisán</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[922,1146,1691,1717]" country="Ecuador" name="Imbabura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Imbabura province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1157,1256,1691,1717]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[1411,1537,1691,1717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">José Vieira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[498,668,1731,1758]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Scott Trageser</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName box="[733,926,1731,1758]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ross J. Maynard</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[975,1184,1731,1757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2018-02-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[975,1184,1731,1757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2018-02-10">10 February 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756307" collectingDate="2019-11-23" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Ross J. Maynard & Jaime Culebras" country="Ecuador" elevation="1202" latitude="0.30241" location="Cordillera de Toisan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZSFQ-3906" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imbabura province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1196,1333,1731,1757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZSFQ-3906</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1345,1482,1731,1757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">metamorph</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[564,970,1771,1798]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">stream in Río Manduriacu Reserve</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[985,1095,1771,1798]" degrees="0.3099" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="0.3099">0.3099 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1108,1236,1771,1798]" degrees="78.8567" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-78.8567">78.8567 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[1248,1343,1771,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.202" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1202.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1248,1343,1771,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.202" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1202.0">1,202 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC95FFFC0FE3BFA677F62F889:8EBD43E7C95EFFC5FA59F92B790EF8C5" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.30241" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.78558" municipality="Cordillera de Toisan" name="Cordillera de Toisan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Imbabura province">Cordillera de Toisán</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[626,851,1811,1837]" country="Ecuador" name="Imbabura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Imbabura province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[862,961,1811,1837]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[1117,1308,1811,1838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ross J. Maynard</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[1366,1541,1811,1837]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Jaime Culebras</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[538,765,1851,1877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-11-23">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[538,765,1851,1877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-11-23">23 November 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377375/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[524,589,1317,1339]" targetBox="[474,1538,194,1306]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1515,1316,1339]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Figure 10 Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[795,1068,1316,1338]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[795,1068,1316,1338]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1077,1155,1317,1338]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1210,1302,1317,1338]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1210,1302,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1310,1389,1317,1338]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Ecuador.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Note that localities of the two new taxa are separated by the Intag-Guayllabamba valley. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-10
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[498,1542,234,858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,732,234,260]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Generic placement.</emphasis>
|
||
Based of morphological and molecular data, the new species is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch" authorityName="sensu Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch" authorityYear="1991" box="[652,1241,274,300]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,949,274,300]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as modified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Guayasamin JM & Castroviejo-Fisher S & Trueb L & Ayarzaguena J & Rada M & Vila C." box="[498,790,314,340]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 11" part="2100" refId="ref15114" refString="Guayasamin JM, Castroviejo-Fisher S, Trueb L, Ayarzaguena J, Rada M, Vila C. 2009. Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa 2100: 1 - 11 DOI 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2100.1.1." title="Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,790,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Guayasamin et al. (2009)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The molecular phylogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1119,1184,314,340]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) places the new species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch" authorityYear="1991" box="[620,847,354,380]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,847,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with high confidence. Phenotypically,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[577,669,394,420]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shares the following diagnostic traits of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch" authorityYear="1991" box="[1269,1496,394,420]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1269,1496,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (1) completely transparent ventral parietal peritoneum; (2) digestive tract and bulbous liver are covered by iridophores; (3) absent humeral spines; (4) white bones in life; (5) males call from the undersides of leaves, (6) females place the eggs on the undersides of leaves; (7) males provide extended parental care; and (8) tympanum with an orientation that places it almost on a horizontal plane (instead of a more lateral plane as observed in other glassfrog genera). All the aforementioned characteristics are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[498,804,673,699]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,804,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[813,904,673,699]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
We note that we have observed males on the same leaves as egg clutches for consecutive days, suggesting the possibility of parental care, but additional studies are necessary to confirm that these observations actually represent extended paternal care as observed in other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1020,1337,792,818]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1020,1247,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Delia J & Bravo-Valencia L & Warkentin KM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="898 - 914" part="30" refId="ref14681" refString="Delia J, Bravo-Valencia L, Warkentin KM. 2017. Patterns of parental care in Neotropical glassfrogs: fieldwork alters hypotheses of sex-role evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30 (5): 898 - 914 DOI 10.1111 / jeb. 13059." title="Patterns of parental care in Neotropical glassfrogs: fieldwork alters hypotheses of sex-role evolution" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Delia, Bravo-Valencia & Warkentin, 2017</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[498,1542,894,1279]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,626,894,920]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[635,940,894,920]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[635,940,894,920]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[949,1041,895,921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from other species in the genus mainly by its dorsal coloration (
|
||
<emphasis box="[954,980,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
., head with light yellow spots that may form an interorbital bar; dorsum lime green with small light yellow spots) and by its transparent pericardium.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[656,962,1014,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,962,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[971,1062,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1285,1497,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">H. aureoguttatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[498,619,1054,1080]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">H. mashpi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[628,721,1054,1080]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[734,905,1054,1080]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[734,905,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. talamancae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[920,1043,1054,1080]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[920,1043,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. valerioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett & Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1111,1304,1055,1080]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1111,1304,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. vireovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differences among these species are indicated in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[848,936,1094,1120]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[117,172,248,269]" captionTargetBox="[108,1525,290,1777]" captionText="Table 1 Differences between Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov., H. nouns sp. nov., and similar and closely related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C945FFDEFFBCFF387E27FEE6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="DF1D45B4C945FFDEFFBCFF387E27FEE6">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[997,1102,1094,1120]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionStartId-1="10.[524,589,1432,1454]" captionStartId-2="11.[524,589,1432,1454]" captionTargetBox-0="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetBox-1="[498,1541,235,1419]" captionTargetBox-2="[498,1541,235,1419]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetId-1="figure-120@10.[498,1527,234,1404]" captionTargetId-2="figure-106@11.[498,1527,234,1404]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" captionText-1="Figure 3 Dorsal and ventral photos of glassfrogs in life. (A) Male of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov., CJ11642 (holotype). (B) Gravid female of H. mashpi sp. nov., Mashpi Reserve, Ecuador. (C) Male of H. nouns sp. nov., ZSFQ0537. (D) Male of H. nouns sp. nov., MZUTI3299 (holotype). (E) Male of H. aureoguttatum, Ecuador. (F) Gravid female of H. aureoguttatum, Ecuador. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, B, D, E, F) and Ross Maynard (C). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-3" captionText-2="Figure 4 Dorsal and ventral photos of glassfrogs in life. (A, B) Male of Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum, Costa Rica. (C, D) Male of H. talamancae, Costa Rica. (E, F) Male of H. valerioi, Costa Rica. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, C, D, E, F) and Josué Alberto Vargas (B). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-4" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377354" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377356" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6377354/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6377356/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
. The new species is morphologically cryptic with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[648,967,1133,1159]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[648,967,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[975,1067,1134,1160]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(described above), but they exhibit a considerable genetic distance (16S; 4.6–4.7%), which is remarkable given that they are found at relatively close geographic proximity (straight distance = 18.9 km), but separated by the Intag-Guayllabamba river valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[498,1542,1315,1900]" lastBlockId="21.[498,1542,234,499]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,710,1315,1341]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
The following combination of characters are found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[575,666,1356,1382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: (1) dentigerous process of the vomer lacking teeth; (2) snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view; (3) tympanum oriented almost horizontally; tympanic annulus barely visible, hidden under skin; tympanic membrane differentiated, with coloration similar to that of surrounding skin; (4) dorsal skin shagreen; (5) ventral skin areolate; cloacal ornamentation absent, paired round tubercles below vent absent; (6) parietal peritoneum and pericardium translucent (in life, red heart visible in ventral view); liver, viscera and testes covered by iridophores; (7) liver bulbous; (8) humeral spines absent; (9) hand webbing formula: I (2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1132,1145,1629,1645]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
–2)—(2–2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1263,1291,1629,1646]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/2</superScript>
|
||
) II (1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1360,1373,1629,1645]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
–1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1401,1429,1629,1646]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/2</superScript>
|
||
)—(3–3
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1519,1532,1629,1645]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
) III (2–2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[587,600,1669,1685]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
)—(1 –1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[717,745,1669,1686]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3/4</superScript>
|
||
) IV; (10) foot webbing moderate; webbing formula: I (1–1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1418,1431,1669,1685]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
)—(2
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1492,1503,1668,1686]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">–</superScript>
|
||
–2) II (1–1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[579,592,1709,1725]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
)—(2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[653,666,1709,1725]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
–2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[694,722,1709,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/2</superScript>
|
||
) III 1—(2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[844,857,1709,1725]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
–2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[885,913,1709,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/3</superScript>
|
||
) IV (2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[995,1023,1709,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/4</superScript>
|
||
–2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1052,1080,1709,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/3</superScript>
|
||
)—(1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1141,1154,1709,1725]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</superScript>
|
||
–1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1182,1210,1709,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/3</superScript>
|
||
) V; (11) fingers and toes with thin lateral fringes; ulnar and tarsal folds absent; (12) nuptial excrescence present as a small pad on Finger I (Type V), prepollex not enlarged; prepollical spine not projecting (spine not exposed); (13) when appressed, Finger I longer than II; (14) diameter of eye about 2 times wider than disc on Finger III; (15) coloration in life: dorsal surfaces lime green with small light yellow spots; (16) coloration in preservative: dorsal surfaces creamish white, with minute lavender melanophores; (17) eye coloration in life: iris yellow to golden-yellow; pupil surrounded by lavender ring; (18) melanophores absent from fingers and toes, except Toes IV and V; (19) males call from underside of leaves; advertisement call unknown; (20) parental care unknown; clutch size unknown; (21) SVL in adult males 19.1–21.3 mm (mean = 20.3;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1016,1032,434,459]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4), females unknown; and (22) enameled tubercles absent from sides of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[498,1542,1315,1900]" box="[660,688,1669,1686]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[660,688,1669,1686]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1/2</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,535,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,836,535,562]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description of the holotype</emphasis>
|
||
. MZUTI 3299, adult male with SVL 19.1 mm. Head wider than long (head width 39% of SVL; head length 80% of head width). Snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view. Loreal region concave, nostrils slightly protuberant, elliptical; internarial region concave; canthus rostralis not well defined. Eyes small, directed anterolaterally, eyes about 50
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1020,1030,691,709]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1020,1030,691,709]" fontSize="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
relative to midline (where anterior-facing eyes would be 90
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[700,710,730,748]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[700,710,730,748]" fontSize="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ǫ</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
relative to midline). Tympanum visible, oriented almost horizontally; tympanic membrane differentiated and pigmented as surrounding skin. Dentigerous processes on vomers absent; choanae large, oval, separated widely (distance about the same as between nostrils); tongue round, white in preservative, anterior 4/5 attached to mouth; posterior border of tongue slightly notched; vocal slits present, extending along floor of mouth lateral to tongue; enameled glands absent from lower part of upper jaw. Ulnar fold absent; humeral spine absent. Relative length of fingers: II <I <IV <III; finger discs rounded, about the same size as discs on toes, disc on Finger III 41% of eye width; hand webbing reduced between Fingers I–III, moderate between Fingers III and IV, with formula I 2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[632,645,1088,1104]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">+</superScript>
|
||
—2 II 1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[765,793,1088,1105]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1/2</superScript>
|
||
—3
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[834,847,1088,1104]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">+</superScript>
|
||
III 2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[907,920,1088,1104]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">+</superScript>
|
||
—1
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[960,988,1088,1105]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3/4</superScript>
|
||
IV. Prepollex concealed; subarticular tubercles round, faint; few small supernumerary tubercles present, palmar tubercle round, of moderate size and difficult to see, thenar tubercle ovoid; nuptial excrescences present as a small pad on external edge of Finger I (Type V). Hind limbs slender, tibia length 59% of SVL; tarsal fold absent; discs of toes round; inner metatarsal tubercle small, outer metatarsal tubercle round, both very difficult to distinguish. Webbing formula of feet: I 1— 2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[512,523,1326,1344]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</superScript>
|
||
II 1—2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[615,642,1327,1344]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1/2</superScript>
|
||
III 1—2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[744,771,1327,1344]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1/3</superScript>
|
||
IV 2
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[833,860,1327,1344]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1/4</superScript>
|
||
—1
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[901,929,1327,1344]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1/3</superScript>
|
||
V. In preservative, dorsal skin creamish white, with minute dark lavender melanophores (only visible under the stereomicroscope); dorsal skin shagreen; skin on venter areolate; cloacal opening at level of upper thighs, small and non-enameled cloacal warts present. Parietal peritoneum and pericardium translucent (in life, the red heart is visible ventrally); urinary bladder lacking iridophores; liver, viscera, and tested fully covered by iridophores; kidneys rounded, approximately bean-shaped; liver bulbous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,535,1598]" box="[686,713,1088,1105]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[686,713,1088,1105]" fontSize="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1/2</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,1634,1860]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,713,1634,1660]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surfaces apple green to yellowish green with diffuse yellow spots; head with light yellow spots that may form an interorbital bar. Melanophores absent from fingers and toes, except Toes IV and V. Ventrally, parietal peritoneum and pericardium transparent, with a red heart always visible. Gall bladder and urinary bladder covered by translucent peritonea; hepatic and visceral peritonea covered by white iridophores; ventral vein red. Iris yellow, with numerous minute lavender spots. Bones white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1541,234,420]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,819,234,260]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coloration in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal surfaces creamish white dotted with minute dark lavender melanophores; venter uniform cream, with partial translucence; pericardium translucent; visceral peritoneum covered by iridophores. Iris white with minute lavender melanophores. Melanophores absent from hands and feet, except from some few present on dorsal surfaces of Toes IV and V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,456,642]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,822,456,482]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Measurements of holotype</emphasis>
|
||
. MZUTI-3299, adult male. SVL = 19.1, femur length = 11.2, tibia length = 11.3, foot length = 8.8, head length = 5.9, head width = 7.4, interorbital distance = 2.2, upper eyelid = 1.5, internarial distance = 1.5, eye diameter = 2.2, tympanum diameter = 0.6, radioulna length = 4.0, hand length = 6.0, Finger I length = 4.4, Finger II length = 3.9, width of disc of Finger III = 0.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,678,904]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,700,678,704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
At Bosque Protector Los Cedros, individuals were found on the underside of riparian leaves 1–5 m above stream level during the months of November and March. At Río Manduriacu Reserve, during the rainy season (February), a male was found on the underside of a leaf 6 m above a stream; the male was calling next to an egg clutch. At the same reserve, metamorphs have been found perched on leaves 50–150 cm above streams in October and November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1541,940,1166]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,659,940,966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[667,973,940,966]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[667,973,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[982,1073,940,966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is only known from Río Manduriacu Reserve and Bosque Protector Los Cedros at elevations of 1,177–1,420 m a.s.l. The reserves are located adjacent to one another and are situated within the Toisán Mountain Range, Imbabura Province, Ecuador (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[855,934,1059,1086]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="19.[524,589,1317,1339]" captionTargetBox="[522,1519,1346,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-142@19.[588,1470,236,1249]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 10 Distribution of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. in Ecuador. Note that localities of the two new taxa are separated by the Intag-Guayllabamba valley. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-10" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377375/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and protect premontane wet tropical forest and cloud forest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[651,728,1099,1125]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[524,589,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,235,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-241@23.[498,1527,234,993]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11 Habitat of Hyalinobatrachium nouns sp. nov. (A) Tributary of the Manduriacu River, Río Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura Province, Ecuador. (B) Tributary of the Manduriacu River, Río Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura Province, Ecuador. (C) Río Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura Province, Ecuador. (D) Habitat loss in the vicinity of Los Cedros Reserve, Imbabura Province, Ecuador. Photos by Jaime Culebras. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-11" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377377/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) in an area where illegal deforestation and mining are constant threats (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,1201,1388]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,821,1201,1227]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Evolutionary relationships</emphasis>
|
||
. Our phylogenetic analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1163,1228,1201,1228]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) place
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,663,1242,1268]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as sister to a clade formed by
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1002,1120,1241,1267]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1002,1120,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. mashpi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1125,1214,1242,1268]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and unidentified haplotypes from the Colombian Andes (MAR 2147, 2222). However, this relationship has low support (bootstrap support = 60). Other closely related taxa are endemic to Central America:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett & Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[613,806,1362,1387]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,806,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. vireovittatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[867,1038,1361,1387]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[867,1038,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. talamancae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1057,1122,1361,1387]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,1423,1889]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,636,1424,1450]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet honors Nouns DAO, a global decentralized autonomous organization (“DAO”) composed of owners of Nouns characters, which are digital art creations that live on the blockchain. The mission of Nouns DAO is to promote and build the Nouns brand throughout the physical and digital world. One of the ways Nouns DAO accomplishes this is by building public works and funding philanthropic projects that support the wonder of nature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,1423,1889]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,747,1662,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
We recommend that
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin & Brunner & Valencia-Aguilar & Franco-Mena & Ringler & Medina Armijos & Morochz & Bustamante & Maynard & Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1004,1309,1663,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1004,1309,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1316,1407,1663,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
be listed as Endangered, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[771,922,1703,1729]" journalOrPublisher="Second Edition. Gland and Cambridge: IUCN Species Survival Commission" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref15691" refString="IUCN. 2012. IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 3.1. Second Edition. Gland and Cambridge: IUCN Species Survival Commission." title="IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 3.1" type="book" year="2012">
|
||
<emphasis box="[771,922,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IUCN (2012)</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria B1ab(iii): extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 5,000 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[754,764,1737,1754]" fontSize="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</superScript>
|
||
; known to exist at no more than five localities; and continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent, and/or quality of habitat. The main threats for this species are habitat loss and contamination due to cattle ranching, agriculture, and mining activities (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |