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121 lines
13 KiB
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<document id="762C692A47E0788098339F5D2C1343FD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3884945" ID-ZooBank="376263E2-07B2-4B4B-A8E3-C718FE0FC969" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1591602476533" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mohammednowshad, B., Idreesbabu, K. K., Parameswaran, Usha V., Messing, Charles G. & Sureshkumar, S." docDate="2020" docId="03C887FDFFCEFFE2F2A95B33D96FFE35" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxxa.4789.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4789 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heterometra A. H. Clark 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FFF1FF85FFC7FFE8F23E5C7BDA39FF85" masterDocTitle="The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1698773308952" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B86B71A7B6D64FCFB7CC25BDC2423C9B">
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<mods:title id="022E9D5C3D90834D697962B8B63A0E77">The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="83AFF9B52A284C6A65A7B971C0C88285" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="648A2A3AB0ACE0D86C6B70FA54A01094">Mohammednowshad, B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="060B118AA29709BADCEE90538E15B4D5">Department of Science and Technology, Kavaratti- 682555, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. & School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506 Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C565EB3FA1350A9E3DF68DD5719293F">Idreesbabu, K. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="05722DFC19C15125F7D9866E83DB8237">Department of Science and Technology, Kavaratti- 682555, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="2BF03915334E6D2A66B62BB4BE1D6C2A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A99C25E915E1BA57CFFCD4760B286052">Parameswaran, Usha V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A00587F6D778B35D9998EBBC8D54C202">Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Kendriya Bhavan, Kakkanad, Kochi- 682 037, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="3242653C226B9B475B3196211C540B5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="45E66111DEA426A788FF747E8955D906">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD4F80E53C24C9E0E9150E819C63278D">Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD9D1BBDFA602EC796EDE3D84F877FFF">Sureshkumar, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="010D82B897EB2260021F27063BD1FBEE">School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506 Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B2BD30F03E670AF8D1BC095002EDCDEA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="132E133907D208EA6643B951A28BE15D">
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<mods:date id="6A29E97DE90C15DEB82C190123276926">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="88AD15ECEC4E7C535166DCA55347164E">2020-06-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="992A418C010AD7E715E361F0FE4825FA">4789</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2A06560689512944FE4C497354381383">247</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="E4DC6E0A46E2E4E2758E8B511FC6F634" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FF2C88EE4539FE7DBBF29AD7061D028C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887FDFFCEFFE2F2A95B33D96FFE35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6315217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6315217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887FDFFCEFFE2F2A95B33D96FFE35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887FDFFCEFFE2F2A95B33D96FFE35" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCEFFE1F2A95B33D832F8E4" box="[151,523,1863,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCEFFE1F2A95B33D832F8E4" blockId="9.[151,523,1863,1890]" box="[151,523,1863,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
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<heading id="D0968187FFCEFFE1F2A95B33D832F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,523,1863,1890]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCEFFE1F2A95B33D832F8E4" ID-CoL="8FYVN" authority="A. H. Clark, 1909 d" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,523,1863,1890]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCEFFE1F2A95B33D832F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,523,1863,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCEFFE1F2A95B33DB10F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,297,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Heterometra</emphasis>
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A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCEFFE1F3515B3CD832F8E4" author="Clark, A. H." box="[367,523,1863,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref13424" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 d) A revision of the crinoid families Thalassometridae and Himerometridae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 22, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1909">Clark, 1909d</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCEFFE1F2A95BEBD92DF82F" box="[151,788,1935,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCEFFE1F2A95BEBD92DF82F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1935,2034]" box="[151,788,1935,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCEFFE1F2A95BEBDB12F82F" bold="true" box="[151,299,1935,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
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<typeStatus id="54DA8849FFCEFFE1F2A95BEBDAEBF82F" box="[151,210,1936,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.—
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCEFFE1F3705BEBD929F82F" authority="Carpenter, 1888" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1888" box="[334,784,1936,1962]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quinduplicava">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCEFFE1F3705BEBD86AF82F" box="[334,595,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Antedon quinduplicava</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCEFFE1F0645BEBD929F82F" author="Carpenter, P. H." box="[602,784,1936,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref12950" refString="Carpenter, P. H. (1888) Report on the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. The Comatulae. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 26 (60), i-x, 1 - 400, 70 pls." type="book chapter" year="1888">Carpenter, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCEFFE2F2F95BC8DAD9FE9A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCEFFE2F2F95BC8DAD9FE9A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1935,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,153,432]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCEFFE1F2F95BC8DB03F84B" bold="true" box="[199,314,1971,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.—A genus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCEFFE1F3E15BCFD8AEF84B" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[479,663,1972,1998]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Himerometridae</taxonomicName>
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with more than ten arms in fully developed individuals; cirri moderately long with aboral tubercle or spine on distal segments and terminal claw always strongly curved; distal cirrus segments usually shorter than proximal, or both distal and proximal cirrus segments short; proximal brachial pinnules increasing in length and robustness from P1 to P3; enlarged proximal pinnules elongated, slender or rather stout, smooth or with basal keel, or with distal segments each bearing spines or flange-like projection (A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F7695C9ADAEAFE9A" author="Clark, A. H." pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2F95D52D96FFE35" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2F95D52D96FFE35" blockId="10.[151,1436,153,432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2F95D52DB6EFEC6" bold="true" box="[199,343,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Remarks.—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F3695D51DBDCFEC6" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[343,485,298,323]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F3695D51DBDCFEC6" box="[343,485,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Heterometra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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currently includes 27 accepted species. However, eight are known from only three or fewer specimens (four from one specimen each), and several are distinguished on the basis of minor morphological, often apparently ontogenetic, differences (e.g., arm number, cirrus and proximal pinnule length, or proportions of cirrals or pinnulars) (A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F3FC5DEED870FE2A" author="Clark, A. H." box="[450,585,405,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F06B5DEED973FE35" author="Messing, C. G. & Tay, T. S." box="[597,842,405,432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="627 - 658" refId="ref15896" refString="Messing, C. G. & Tay, T. S. (2016) Extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 34, 627 - 658." type="book chapter" year="2016">Messing & Tay, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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