528 lines
75 KiB
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528 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="162B1E145E39FBB587814B974752D72B">Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J / K boundary</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="27A017D13138BA510DEC80D8F93952D9">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DBC99EEE17BBEA5B262EA9EC2B3B02FF">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F5A364E2ED36B598A1F861B725B09D38">44</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C887B9FF93FFC376E4A10DFC21F93D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6928928" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197866722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6928928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887B9FF93FFC376E4A10DFC21F93D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887B9FF93FFC376E4A10DFC21F93D" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="721" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6524FF93FFCE76E4A10DFB15FCFE" box="[990,1278,821,847]" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF93FFCE76E4A10DFB15FCFE" blockId="37.[990,1278,821,847]" box="[990,1278,821,847]" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF93FFCE76E4A10DFB5CFCFE" ID-CoL="35MNH" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityPageNumber="1976" box="[990,1207,821,847]" clade="Ornithomimosauria" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" rank="clade">Ornithomimosauria</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF93FFCE7617A14DFC53FC3E" blockId="37.[810,1458,885,2027]" box="[813,952,885,911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF93FFCE7617A1ADFA9BFA5C" blockId="37.[810,1458,885,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">
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Ornithomimosaurs are by far the most commonly represented vertebrates in Angeac-Charente, with more than 3800 macroremains collected (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF93FFCE7135A1ECFB69FC5E" box="[1039,1154,980,1007]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStartId-0="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionStartId-1="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId-0="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetId-1="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId-0="42" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionText-0="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">Figs 29-30</figureCitation>
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), accounting for more than 50% of the identified vertebrate material (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE71DBA1CCFA74FBBE" author="ROZADA L. & ALLAIN R. & VULLO R. & AUGIER D. & GOEDERT J. & JEAN A. & ROYO- TORRES R. & QVARNSTROM M. & PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J." box="[1249,1439,1012,1039]" journalOrPublisher="Lethaia" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="141 - 165" part="54" refId="ref48377" refString="ROZADA L., ALLAIN R., VULLO R., AUGIER D., GOEDERT J., JEAN A., ROYO- TORRES R., QVARNSTROM M., PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J. 2021. - A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France). Lethaia 54: 141 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / let. 12394" title="A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France)" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Rozada
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7009A1CDFA8FFBBF" box="[1331,1380,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The minimum number of individuals (MNI) is approximately 70 based on the distal end of left tibiae. Ornithomimosaur remains are mainly concentrated in the CG1 and CG3 loci, in which they represent 70 % of all the ornithomimosaur remains identified. Such a concentration and high number of individuals are congruent with a mass mortality event of an ornithomimosaur herd (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE710BA6ECFB0CFB5F" author="Allain" box="[1073,1255,1236,1262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="61" refId="ref35220" refString="ALLAIN R., VULLO R., LEPRINCE A., NERAUDEAU D. & TOURNE- PICHE J. - F. 2011. - An ornithomimosaur-dominated bonebed from the Early Cretaceous of Southwestern France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (supp. 6): 61." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Allain
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE714DA6ECFB41FB5F" box="[1143,1194,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE71CEA6ECFAC7FB5F" author="Allain" box="[1268,1324,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref35338" refString="ALLAIN R., VULLO R., LE LOEUFF J. & TOURNEPICHE J. - F. 2014. - European ornithomimosaurs: an undetected record. Geologica Acta 12 (2): 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000002083" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE7003A6ECFC4EFABF" author="Neraudeau" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Neraudeau" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref44595" refString="NERAUDEAU D., ALLAIN R., BALLEVRE M., BATTEN D. J., BUFFE- TAUT E., COLIN J. P., DABARD M. P., DAVIERO- GOMEZ V., EL ALBANI A., GOMEZ B., GROSHENY D., LE LoeUFF J., LEPRINCE A., MARTIN- CLOSAS C., MASURE E., MAZIN J. - M., PHILIPPE M., POUECH J., TONG H., TOURNEPICHE J. - F. & VULLO R. 2012. - The Hauterivian-Barremian lignitic bone bed of Angeac (Charente, SW France): stratigraphical, palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications. Cretaceous Research 37: 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2012.01.006" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
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Néraudeau
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7617A6CCFC88FABC" box="[813,867,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE768CA6CBFB63FABF" author="ROZADA L. & ALLAIN R. & VULLO R. & AUGIER D. & GOEDERT J. & JEAN A. & ROYO- TORRES R. & QVARNSTROM M. & PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J." box="[950,1160,1267,1294]" journalOrPublisher="Lethaia" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="141 - 165" part="54" refId="ref48377" refString="ROZADA L., ALLAIN R., VULLO R., AUGIER D., GOEDERT J., JEAN A., ROYO- TORRES R., QVARNSTROM M., PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J. 2021. - A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France). Lethaia 54: 141 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / let. 12394" title="A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France)" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Rozada
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7135A6CCFBADFABC" box="[1039,1094,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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). However, no articulated skeletons have been observed due to the intense trampling (dinoturbation) affecting this area (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE7192A70BFA84FAFC" author="ROZADA L. & ALLAIN R. & VULLO R. & AUGIER D. & GOEDERT J. & JEAN A. & ROYO- TORRES R. & QVARNSTROM M. & PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J." box="[1192,1391,1331,1357]" journalOrPublisher="Lethaia" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="141 - 165" part="54" refId="ref48377" refString="ROZADA L., ALLAIN R., VULLO R., AUGIER D., GOEDERT J., JEAN A., ROYO- TORRES R., QVARNSTROM M., PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J. 2021. - A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France). Lethaia 54: 141 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / let. 12394" title="A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France)" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Rozada
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE71C4A70CFADAFAFC" box="[1278,1329,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only articulated remains of ornithomimosaurs found so far come from the northwestern part of the quarry (CG9 plot) and they include the zeugopod and the autopod of the forelimb of a single individual, as well as the the zeugopod and autopod of the hindlimb of another single individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF93FFC37679A7CBFCE2FD81" blockId="37.[810,1458,885,2027]" lastBlockId="40.[130,777,215,2027]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="721" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">
|
||
Except for the most fragile elements such as the maxillary and palate bones, which have probably suffered from trampling and have not yet been identified, the skeleton of the Angeac-Charente ornithomimosaur is virtually complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF93FFCE7006A46AFA6DF9DD" box="[1340,1414,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="45.[132,143,1091,1108]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,93,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-417@45.[132,1455,215,1050]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIG. 31. — Reconstruction of the Angeac Ornithomimosaur, based on 3D surface scans of 232 bones. All the bones of the 3D reconstruction were scaled on the basis of a 40 cm long femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902109/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). A complete description of the entire skeleton of this new taxon is beyond the scope of this study. Nevertheless, it seems important to highlight here key anatomical features of the Angeac-Charente ornithomimosaur:first, because this clade was hitherto unknown in Europe at the beginning of the Cretaceous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE704BA4CAFC48F89D" author="Allain" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref35338" refString="ALLAIN R., VULLO R., LE LOEUFF J. & TOURNEPICHE J. - F. 2014. - European ornithomimosaurs: an undetected record. Geologica Acta 12 (2): 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000002083" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7617A52AFC89F89D" box="[813,866,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); secondly because it may be the oldest known ornithomimosaur to date (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE717AA509FAF1F8FD" author="Choiniere" box="[1088,1306,1841,1868]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Choiniere" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref37763" refString="CHOINIERE J. N., FORSTER C. A. & DE KLERK W. J. 2012. - New information on Nqwebasaurus thwazi, a coelurosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation in South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 71: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2012.05.005" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Choiniere
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7194A50AFB34F8FA" box="[1198,1247,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE701DA509FC89F8DD" author="Cerroni" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cerroni" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="103572" refId="ref37700" refString="CERRONI M. A., AGNOLIN F. L., EGLI F. B. & NOVAS F. E. 2019. - The phylogenetic position of Afromimus tenerensis Sereno, 2017 and its paleobiogeographical implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 159: 103572. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2019.103572" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7045A50AFA5BF8FA" box="[1407,1456,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); thirdly, because it shows very close anatomical similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF93FFCE7673A54AFC55F83A" box="[841,958,1906,1931]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE7673A54AFC55F83A" box="[841,958,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">Limusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a Late Jurassic Chinese theropod that is not considered a member of the Ornithomimosauria, but a ceratosaurian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF93FFCE76FEA58AFBBFF87A" author="XU X. & CLARK J. M. & MO J. & CHOINIERE J. & FORSTER C. A. & ERICKSON G. M. & ZHAO Q." box="[964,1108,1969,1996]" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="37" pageNumber="718" pagination="940 - 944" part="459" refId="ref51020" refString="XU X., CLARK J. M., MO J., CHOINIERE J., FORSTER C. A., ERICKSON G. M. & ZHAO Q. 2009. - A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies. Nature 459: 940 - 944. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 08124" title="A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF93FFCE76D3A58AFBF1F87A" box="[1001,1050,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These similarities include a very large external mandibular fenestra and short forelimbs with manual digit reduction (RA pers. obs.). Relationships between ceratosaurians and ornithomimosaurs have long been confusing (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37582A32FFED2FE83" author="Marsh" box="[184,313,279,306]" firstAuthor="Marsh" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="483 - 498" refId="ref43054" refString="MARSH O. C. 1895. - Art LV. - On the Affinities and Classification of the Dinosaurian Reptiles. American Journal of Science (1880 - 1910) 50: 483 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 50.300.483" type="journal article" year="1895">Marsh 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37472A32FFE09FE83" author="Janensch" box="[328,482,279,306]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref41658" refString="JANENSCH W. 1925. - Die Coelurosaurier und Theropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Palaeontographica 7 (suppl. I): 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1925">Janensch 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC374CAA32FFD9CFE80" author="Galton" box="[496,631,279,305]" firstAuthor="Galton" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="265 - 275" refId="ref39993" refString="GALTON P. M. 1982. - Elaphrosaurus, an ornithomimid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56: 265 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02988803" type="journal article" year="1982">Galton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC377BCA32FFD14FE80" author="Holtz" box="[646,767,279,305]" firstAuthor="Holtz" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1100 - 1117" refId="ref41297" refString="HOLTZ T. R. 1994. - The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implications for theropod systematics. Journal of Paleontology 68: 1100 - 1117. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000026706" type="journal article" year="1994">Holtz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC375BEA30FFEE3FEE0" author="RAUHUT O. W. M." box="[132,264,311,337]" journalOrPublisher="Special Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1 - 213" part="69" refId="ref47426" refString="RAUHUT O. W. M. 2003. - The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69: 1 - 213." title="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some taxa,including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC374D0A30FFD9AFEE0" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[490,625,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC374D0A30FFD9AFEE0" box="[490,625,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Elaphrosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37746A30FFCEBFEE0" authorityName="Sereno, Dutheil, Iarochene, Larsson, Lyon, Magwene, Sidor, Varricchio & Wilson" authorityYear="1996" box="[636,768,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Otozoidae" genus="Deltadromeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37746A30FFCEBFEE0" box="[636,768,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Deltadromeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC375BEA360FF12FEC0" box="[132,249,344,369]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC375BEA360FF12FEC0" box="[132,249,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Limusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3743CA36FFE72FEC0" box="[262,409,343,369]" class="Reptilia" family="Nqwebasauridae" genus="Nqwebasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3743CA36FFE72FEC0" box="[262,409,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Nqwebasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and probably the Angeac-Charente taxon do not have a clearly established phylogenetic position, and their anatomy may also reflect unexpected and unrecognized relationships between ceratosaurians and ornithomimosaurs. Pending a comparative and detailed phylogenetic study, we provide herein some anatomical features that clearly indicate the ornithomimosaurian affinity of Angeac-Charente material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E6627FF90FFCD75BEA5ACFD22F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6902099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902099/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="719" startId="38.[132,143,1940,1957]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF90FFCD75BEA5ACFD22F858" blockId="38.[132,1456,1940,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">
|
||
FIG. 26. — Sauropod caudal vertebrae from Angeac-Charente:
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD77AFA5ACFD5CF814" bold="true" box="[661,695,1940,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior caudal vertebra of Turiasauria indet. (ANG15-R679) in left lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7011A5ACFAD3F814" bold="true" box="[1323,1336,1940,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">A</emphasis>
|
||
), posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD70A7A5ACFA41F814" bold="true" box="[1437,1450,1940,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD75DDA593FF1EF80D" bold="true" box="[231,245,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7402A593FEB3F80D" bold="true" box="[312,344,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior caudal vertebra of Turiasauria indet. (ANG15-R698) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD76EEA593FC09F80D" bold="true" box="[980,994,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">D</emphasis>
|
||
), posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD717FA593FBBAF80D" bold="true" box="[1093,1105,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7184A593FB22F80D" bold="true" box="[1214,1225,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7037A593FAC3F80D" bold="true" box="[1293,1320,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">G -I</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior caudal vertebra of Turiasauria indet. (ANG15-R921) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7755A5FAFD96F862" bold="true" box="[623,637,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">G</emphasis>
|
||
), posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD77DBA5FAFD04F862" bold="true" box="[737,751,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">H</emphasis>
|
||
) and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7660A5FAFC8BF862" bold="true" box="[858,864,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">I</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7698A5FAFC54F862" bold="true" box="[930,959,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">J -L</emphasis>
|
||
, middle caudal vertebra of Turiasauria indet. (ANG15-R652) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD75C5A5E0FEE2F858" bold="true" box="[255,265,2008,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">J</emphasis>
|
||
), posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD7457A5E0FE91F858" bold="true" box="[365,378,2008,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">K</emphasis>
|
||
) and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF90FFCD74DDA5E0FE19F858" bold="true" box="[487,498,2008,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="719">L</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E6627FF91FFCC75BEA5FAFEE4F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6902101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902101/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="720" startId="39.[132,143,1986,2003]" targetBox="[239,1347,215,1878]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF91FFCC75BEA5FAFEE4F858" blockId="39.[132,1455,1986,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="720">FIG. 27. — Femur of Turiasauria indet. (ANG19-7000) from the Berriasian of Angeac-Charente discovered during the 2019 campaign. The length of the femur is 2 m. © L. Bocat.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF9EFFC375A1A00EFD9BFBFE" blockId="40.[130,777,215,2027]" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">
|
||
Besides the features already mentioned byAllain
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC377BCA00FFD5EFDE1" box="[646,693,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014), we mainly used the anatomical characters discussed in the recent reappraisal of the phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3771CA04EFD78FD21" authorityName="Sereno" authorityYear="2017" box="[550,659,630,656]" class="Reptilia" genus="Afromimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3771CA04EFD78FD21" box="[550,659,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Afromimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
byCerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC375BEA0AEFF59FD01" box="[132,178,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019).The edentulous and downturned dentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37793A0AEFCEBFD01" box="[681,768,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig.29A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is an ornithomimosaurian synapomorphy convergently acquired by numerous other coelurosaurian groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37773A0EEFF06FCBE" author="ZANNO L. E. & MAKOVICKY P. J." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="232 - 237" part="108" refId="ref51085" refString="ZANNO L. E. & MAKOVICKY P. J. 2010. - Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 232 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1011924108" title="Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution" type="journal article" year="2010">Zanno & Makovicky 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is worth noting that outside coelurosaurs only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC375BCA12EFF17FC9E" box="[134,252,790,815]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC375BCA12EFF17FC9E" box="[134,252,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Limusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays a toothless skull and mandible in mature individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3743CA10EFE5DFCFE" author="WANG S. & STIEGLER J. & AMIOT R. & WANG X. & DU G. H. & CLARK J. M. & XU X." box="[262,438,821,848]" journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="144 - 148" part="27" refId="ref50616" refString="WANG S., STIEGLER J., AMIOT R., WANG X., DU G. H., CLARK J. M. & XU X. 2017. - Extreme ontogenetic changes in a ceratosaurian theropod. Current Biology 27: 144 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2016.10.043" title="Extreme ontogenetic changes in a ceratosaurian theropod" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37473A10EFE90FCFE" box="[329,379,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pedal unguals of the Angeac-Charente theropod have a weak longitudinal curvature and exhibit the reduction of the flexor tubercle to a ventral platform seen in ornithomimosaurs, but also in abelisauroids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC3779DA1ADFF71FC7E" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 29B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3759DA18DFE92FC7E" author="Cerroni" box="[167,377,949,975]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cerroni" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="103572" refId="ref37700" refString="CERRONI M. A., AGNOLIN F. L., EGLI F. B. & NOVAS F. E. 2019. - The phylogenetic position of Afromimus tenerensis Sereno, 2017 and its paleobiogeographical implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 159: 103572. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2019.103572" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3743EA18DFED2FC7E" box="[260,313,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7). Nevertheless, they are more reminiscent of ornithomimosaurs, being slender, and having a triangular cross-section and a single ventral groove (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3779DA1CCFF51FB9F" author="Longrich" firstAuthor="Longrich" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="983 - 997" refId="ref42516" refString="LONGRICH N. 2008. - A new, large ornithomimid from the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada: implications for the study of dissociated dinosaur remains. Palaeontology 51 (4): 983 - 997. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00791. x" type="journal article" year="2008">Longrich 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas pedal unguals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC374EAA62CFDD4FB9F" authorityName="Sereno" authorityYear="2017" box="[464,575,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" genus="Afromimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC374EAA62CFDD4FB9F" box="[464,575,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Afromimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3774AA62CFCEEFB9F" authorityName="Sampson, Carrano & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[624,773,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3774AA62CFCEEFB9F" box="[624,773,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shorter and possess a dorsal vascular groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF9EFFC375A1A66CFE76F99C" blockId="40.[130,777,215,2027]" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">
|
||
The centrum of the middle and distal caudal vertebrae is long and low(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC375E4A64CFEC9FB3F" box="[222,290,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig.29</figureCitation>
|
||
D-L).The anterior and posterior articular surfaces are slightly wider than tall, with a reniform contour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37798A6ACFF7CFB7F" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 29H, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). A broad and shallow sulcus is present on the ventral surface, and it is laterally delimited by two prominent ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37792A6ECFF7BFABF" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 29E, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). All these features are present in ornithomimosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3779AA6CBFF00FA9F" author="Osmolska" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Osmolska" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="103 - 143" refId="ref45165" refString="OSMOLSKA H., RONIEWICZ E. & BARSBOLD R. 1972. - A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus n. gen, n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 27: 103 - 143." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Osmolska
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC375BEA72CFF58FA9C" box="[132,179,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC375CDA72BFE65FA9F" author="Longrich" box="[247,398,1299,1326]" firstAuthor="Longrich" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="983 - 997" refId="ref42516" refString="LONGRICH N. 2008. - A new, large ornithomimid from the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada: implications for the study of dissociated dinosaur remains. Palaeontology 51 (4): 983 - 997. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00791. x" type="journal article" year="2008">Longrich 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3773FA72BFECCFAFF" authority="(Rauhut & Carrano 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3773FA72BFD64FA9C" box="[517,655,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Elaphrosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC377A4A72BFEF0FAFC" author="CARRANO M. T. & ORESKA M. P. & LOCKWOOD R." firstAuthor="Rauhut" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1071265" refId="ref37488" refString="CARRANO M. T., ORESKA M. P. J & LOCKWOOD R. 2016. - Vertebrate paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous), II: Paleoecology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (2): e 1071265. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2015.1071265" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut & Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As in all ornithomimosaurs, the robust and tongue-shaped prezygapophyses of the Angeac-Charente taxon are elongated anteroposteriorly, up to three-quarters the length of the centrum. They are horizontally directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37759A7ABFD3FFA1F" box="[611,724,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 29F, K</figureCitation>
|
||
) and do not diverge laterally from the sagittal plane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37745A78BFD12FA7C" box="[639,761,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1792,1809]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-103@42.[698,1267,740,1302]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 29. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente:A, right dentary (ANG11-776) in lateral view;B, pedal ungual (ANG11-1335) in lateral view; C, pedal ungual (ANG11-898) in lateral view; D-H, middle caudal vertebra (ANG12-1622) in dorsal (D), ventral (E), right lateral (F), anterior (G) and posterior (H) views; I-L, distal caudal vertebra (ANG14-3084) in dorsal (I), ventral (J), right lateral (K) and posterior (L) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902105/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 29D, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conversely, the zygapophyses of ceratosaurs are slender, shorter and directed anterodorsally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3748CA7CBFD63F9BC" author="Carrano" box="[438,648,1523,1549]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carrano" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="510 - 534" refId="ref37544" refString="CARRANO M. T., SAMPSON S. D. & FORSTER C. A. 2002. - The osteology of Masiakasaurus knopfleri, a small abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22: 510 - 534. https: // doi. org / cvk 6 kb" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Carrano
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3772FA7CBFDA2F9BC" box="[533,585,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC377ADA7CBFF51F99C" author="O'Connor" firstAuthor="O'Connor" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="127 - 163" refId="ref45061" refString="O'CONNOR P. M. 2007. - The postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 127 - 163. https: // doi. org / bcbvhp" type="journal article" year="2007">O’Connor 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC375F2A42AFE66F99C" author="Cerroni" box="[200,397,1554,1581]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cerroni" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="103572" refId="ref37700" refString="CERRONI M. A., AGNOLIN F. L., EGLI F. B. & NOVAS F. E. 2019. - The phylogenetic position of Afromimus tenerensis Sereno, 2017 and its paleobiogeographical implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 159: 103572. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2019.103572" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3741AA42BFEBAF99D" box="[288,337,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF9EFFC375A1A40AFB69FEE0" blockId="40.[130,777,215,2027]" lastBlockId="40.[810,1457,215,1676]" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">
|
||
The tibia of the Angeac-Charente ornithomimosaur has already been described in detail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37444A46AFDC2F9DD" author="Allain" box="[382,553,1618,1644]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref35338" refString="ALLAIN R., VULLO R., LE LOEUFF J. & TOURNEPICHE J. - F. 2014. - European ornithomimosaurs: an undetected record. Geologica Acta 12 (2): 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000002083" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC374FAA46BFE04F9DD" box="[448,495,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).Here, we figure new material to highlight the features that best differentiate it from a ceratosaur tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC3747EA4AAFE66F91D" box="[324,397,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). The proximal end of the tibia is markedly different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC374E4A48AFDB5F97D" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[478,606,1714,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC374E4A48AFDB5F97D" box="[478,606,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Ceratosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37751A48AFD14F97D" authorityName="Sampson, Carrano & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[619,767,1714,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37751A48AFD14F97D" box="[619,767,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC375BEA4EAFEEBF95D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[132,256,1746,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC375BEA4EAFEEBF95D" box="[132,256,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Carnotaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37431A4EBFE48F95D" authorityName="Lavocat" authorityYear="1955" box="[267,419,1747,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37431A4EBFE48F95D" box="[267,419,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Majungasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37494A4EAFDF7F95D" authorityName="Sereno" authorityYear="2017" box="[430,540,1746,1772]" class="Reptilia" genus="Afromimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37494A4EAFDF7F95D" box="[430,540,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Afromimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37773A4EAFD3FF95D" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[585,724,1746,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37773A4EAFD3FF95D" box="[585,724,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Elaphrosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a fibular crest clearly separated from the proximal articular surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC375E0A52AFECAF89D" box="[218,289,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C), as in tetanuran theropods and thus all the ornithomimosaurs. The elliptical scar present on the posterior surface of the proximal end of the tibia of some ceratosaurs is not visible in the Angeac-Charente taxon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3770CA549FD1CF83A" author="Cerroni" box="[566,759,1905,1931]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cerroni" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="103572" refId="ref37700" refString="CERRONI M. A., AGNOLIN F. L., EGLI F. B. & NOVAS F. E. 2019. - The phylogenetic position of Afromimus tenerensis Sereno, 2017 and its paleobiogeographical implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 159: 103572. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2019.103572" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC377B6A54AFD56F83A" box="[652,701,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As in all ornithomimosaurs, the anterior surface of the distal end of the tibia of the Angeac-Charente taxon bears a tall and transversely expanded flat articular surface for the ascending process of the astragalus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37117A2EFFB67FF43" box="[1069,1164,215,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is no medial buttress to accommodate the ascending process as in many basal tetanurans and ceratosaurs, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37146A32FFAEDFE80" authorityName="Allain, Tykoski, Aquesbi, Jalil, Monbaron, Russel & Taquet" authorityYear="2007" box="[1148,1286,279,305]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37146A32FFAEDFE80" box="[1148,1286,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Berberosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3702EA32FFA43FE80" authorityName="Sampson, Carrano & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[1300,1448,279,305]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3702EA32FFA43FE80" box="[1300,1448,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37617A300FC23FEE0" authorityName="Lavocat" authorityYear="1955" box="[813,968,312,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37617A300FC23FEE0" box="[813,968,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Majungasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC376C1A30FFB90FEE0" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[1019,1147,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376C1A30FFB90FEE0" box="[1019,1147,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Ceratosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF9EFFC37679A36FFBAEFDC1" blockId="40.[810,1457,215,1676]" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">
|
||
The medial face of the fibula bears a deep and proximodistally elongate elliptical fossa for the insertion of
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC371F2A34FFA9CFE20" box="[1224,1399,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">musculus popliteus</emphasis>
|
||
. This fossa opens medially and is anteriorly and posteriorly bounded by sharp rims (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC376F7A38EFBC0FE60" box="[973,1067,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Such a condition is only known in coelurosaurs and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC376E5A3EEFB87FE41" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[991,1132,470,496]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376E5A3EEFB87FE41" box="[991,1132,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Elaphrosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and markedly differs from the condition seen in coelophysoids and ceratosaurs, in which the fossa is covered anterodorsally by the tibial crest and thus opens posteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3769CA00EFBC5FDE1" author="RAUHUT O. W. M." box="[934,1070,566,592]" journalOrPublisher="Special Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1 - 213" part="69" refId="ref47426" refString="RAUHUT O. W. M. 2003. - The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69: 1 - 213." title="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37103A00EFB09FDE1" author="Allain" box="[1081,1250,566,592]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="610 - 624" refId="ref35137" refString="ALLAIN R., TYKOSKI R., AQUESBI N., JALIL N. E., MONBARON M., RUSSELL D. & TAQUET P. 2007. - An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (3): 610 - 624. https: // doi. org / b 4 f 5 j 9" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37140A00FFB42FDE1" box="[1146,1193,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC371D7A00EFC8AFDC1" author="CARRANO M. T. & ORESKA M. P. & LOCKWOOD R." firstAuthor="Rauhut" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1071265" refId="ref37488" refString="CARRANO M. T., ORESKA M. P. J & LOCKWOOD R. 2016. - Vertebrate paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous), II: Paleoecology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (2): e 1071265. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2015.1071265" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut & Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3764AA06EFBDEFDC1" author="Cerroni" box="[880,1077,598,624]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cerroni" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="103572" refId="ref37700" refString="CERRONI M. A., AGNOLIN F. L., EGLI F. B. & NOVAS F. E. 2019. - The phylogenetic position of Afromimus tenerensis Sereno, 2017 and its paleobiogeographical implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 159: 103572. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2019.103572" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376F2A06FFC11FDC1" box="[968,1018,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF9EFFC37679A04EFBE0FB5F" blockId="40.[810,1457,215,1676]" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">
|
||
In common with the tibia and fibula, the astragalus has a morphology typical of the coelurosaurs and very different from that of the ceratosaurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC3712CA08DFBB6FD61" box="[1046,1117,693,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig.30</figureCitation>
|
||
F-H).In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37012A08EFA4CFD61" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[1320,1447,694,720]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37012A08EFA4CFD61" box="[1320,1447,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Ceratosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37617A0EDFC55FD5E" baseAuthorityName="Rauhut & Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[813,958,725,751]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37617A0EDFC55FD5E" box="[813,958,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Elaphrosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC376F7A0EDFB8DFD5E" authorityName="Sampson, Carrano & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[973,1126,725,751]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376F7A0EDFB8DFD5E" box="[973,1126,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and abelisaurids, the astragalus is fused neither to the calcaneum nor the tibia or fibula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC3760FA12DFC72FC81" box="[821,921,789,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The height of the blade-like ascending process of the astragalus is more than twice the height of astragalar body and the process arises from the complete breadth of the astragalar body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC37691A14DFC1EFC3E" box="[939,1013,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
F-G). In contrast, all ceratosaurs exhibit a low and narrow ascending process. In addition, the fibular facet on the astragalus is strongly reduced on the lateral side of the ascending process of the astragalus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF9EFFC371A4A1ECFB14FC5E" box="[1182,1279,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1593,1610]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-211@44.[132,1455,180,1598]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ornithomimosaur remains from Angeac-Charente: A-C, proximal end of right tibia (ANG12-1893) in posterior (A), anterior (B) and lateral (C) views; D, distal end of right tibia (ANG10-56) in anterior view; E, proximal end of right fibula (ANG11-696) in medial view; F-H, Left astragalus and calcaneum (ANG12- 1803) in anterior (F), posterior (G) and dorsal (H) views. Scale bar: A-E, 4 cm; F-H, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902107/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Fig. 30H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the distal end of the fibula of numerous abelisauroids including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37614A62CFC53FB9F" authorityName="Allain, Tykoski, Aquesbi, Jalil, Monbaron, Russel & Taquet" authorityYear="2007" box="[814,952,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37614A62CFC53FB9F" box="[814,952,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Berberosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC376FDA62CFBB6FB9F" authorityName="Sampson, Carrano & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[967,1117,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376FDA62CFBB6FB9F" box="[967,1117,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC37156A62CFB37FB9F" authorityName="Sereno" authorityYear="2017" box="[1132,1244,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" genus="Afromimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37156A62CFB37FB9F" box="[1132,1244,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Afromimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3702EA62DFA5BFB9F" authorityName="Lavocat" authorityYear="1955" box="[1300,1456,1045,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3702EA62DFA5BFB9F" box="[1300,1456,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Majungasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transversely expanded and the flared distal end partially overlaps the ascending process of astragalus, the fibular facet of which is large. As previously stated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC371FAA64CFA43FB3F" author="Neraudeau" box="[1216,1448,1140,1166]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Neraudeau" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref44595" refString="NERAUDEAU D., ALLAIN R., BALLEVRE M., BATTEN D. J., BUFFE- TAUT E., COLIN J. P., DABARD M. P., DAVIERO- GOMEZ V., EL ALBANI A., GOMEZ B., GROSHENY D., LE LoeUFF J., LEPRINCE A., MARTIN- CLOSAS C., MASURE E., MAZIN J. - M., PHILIPPE M., POUECH J., TONG H., TOURNEPICHE J. - F. & VULLO R. 2012. - The Hauterivian-Barremian lignitic bone bed of Angeac (Charente, SW France): stratigraphical, palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications. Cretaceous Research 37: 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2012.01.006" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Néraudeau
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37000A64DFA87FB3F" box="[1338,1388,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37617A6ACFC05FB1F" author="Allain" box="[813,1006,1172,1198]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" refId="ref35270" refString="ALLAIN R., ROZADA L. & VULLO R. 2013. - A cross-perspective into the Early Cretaceous dinosaur faunas from Europe and Asia: new data on the dinosaurs from the Savannakhet Bassin (Laos) and from the lignitic bonebed of Angeac-Charente (France), in VIth International Symposium about Dinosaurs Palaeontology and their Environment, Salas de los Infantes, Spain." type="proceedings" year="2013">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3764DA6ADFC46FB1F" box="[887,941,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC376C4A6ACFBD0FB1F" author="Allain" box="[1022,1083,1172,1198]" firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref35338" refString="ALLAIN R., VULLO R., LE LOEUFF J. & TOURNEPICHE J. - F. 2014. - European ornithomimosaurs: an undetected record. Geologica Acta 12 (2): 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000002083" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), all surveyed anatomical features agree with assignment of the Angeac-Charente theropod to Ornithomimosauria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B6524FF9EFFC37679A6CBFC21F93D" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF9EFFC37679A6CBFC21F93D" blockId="40.[810,1457,215,1676]" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC37679A6CBFBF5FABF" author="Cerroni" box="[835,1054,1267,1294]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cerroni" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="103572" refId="ref37700" refString="CERRONI M. A., AGNOLIN F. L., EGLI F. B. & NOVAS F. E. 2019. - The phylogenetic position of Afromimus tenerensis Sereno, 2017 and its paleobiogeographical implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 159: 103572. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2019.103572" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cerroni
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376A7A6CCFC24FABC" box="[925,975,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have recently questioned the ornithomimosaurian phylogenetic affinities of the Early Cretaceous African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC376B8A70BFAFDFAFF" authority="(Choiniere et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Choiniere" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[898,1302,1331,1358]" class="Reptilia" family="Nqwebasauridae" genus="Nqwebasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC376B8A70BFBFDFAFC" box="[898,1046,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Nqwebasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3711DA70BFAE0FAFC" author="Choiniere" box="[1063,1291,1331,1357]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Choiniere" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref37763" refString="CHOINIERE J. N., FORSTER C. A. & DE KLERK W. J. 2012. - New information on Nqwebasaurus thwazi, a coelurosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation in South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 71: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2012.05.005" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Choiniere
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC371A3A70CFB26FAFC" box="[1177,1229,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If confirmed, it would imply that the Charentais taxon is the oldest known ornithomimosaur, based on the Berriasian age of the Lägerstatte of Angeac-Charente (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC3712AA7ABFB3BFA1C" author="Benoit" box="[1040,1232,1427,1453]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Benoit" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="199 - 213" refId="ref36157" refString="BENOIT R. - A., NERAUDEAU D. & MARTIN- CLOSAS C. 2017. - A review of the Late Jurassic-Early Creta-ceous charophytes from the northern Aquitaine Basin in south-west France. Cretaceous Research 79: 199 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2017.07.009" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Benoit
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37164A7ACFB79FA1C" box="[1118,1170,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF9EFFC371E5A7ABFA4BFA1C" author="POLETTE F. & BATTEN D. J. & NERAUDEAU D." box="[1247,1440,1427,1453]" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" pagination="204 - 221" part="90" refId="ref46824" refString="POLETTE F., BATTEN D. J. & NERAUDEAU D. 2018. - Re-examination of the palynological content of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Angeac, Charente, south-west France: Age, palaeoenvironment and taxonomic determinations. Cretaceous Research 90: 204 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.04.017" title="Re-examination of the palynological content of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Angeac, Charente, south-west France: Age, palaeoenvironment and taxonomic determinations" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Polette
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC37014A7ACFA89FA1C" box="[1326,1378,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, ornithomimosaurs would then have an exclusively Laurasian distribution. Nevertheless, based on first hand examination of fossil specimens by one of us (R.A.), the phylogenetic affinities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3769CA42BFBF7F99D" box="[934,1052,1555,1580]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3769CA42BFBF7F99D" box="[934,1052,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Limusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF9EFFC3716AA42AFB31F99D" authorityName="Sereno, Dutheil, Iarochene, Larsson, Lyon, Magwene, Sidor, Varricchio & Wilson" authorityYear="1996" box="[1104,1242,1554,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Otozoidae" genus="Deltadromeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="721" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABDFF9EFFC3716AA42AFB31F99D" box="[1104,1242,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="721">Deltadromeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are far from certain. More detailed descriptions regarding their anatomy are required to draw conclusions regarding the origin and evolution of ornithomimosaurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |