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<mods:title id="99D5C44E33568FD1C0C509B28DD56855">Subtribal, Generic And Subgeneric Composition Of Darkling Beetles Of The Tribe Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) In The Eastern Palaearctic Region</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3084CBBFFF7FFF8FE3CA1D3557538D8" box="[496,804,190,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FE3CA1D3557538D8" blockId="13.[496,804,190,217]" box="[496,804,190,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
<heading id="D0E5A85CFFF7FFF8FE3CA1D3557538D8" box="[496,804,190,217]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FE3CA1D3557538D8" authority="Reitter, 1922" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[496,804,190,217]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FE3CA1D3542D38D9" box="[496,636,190,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenohelops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FD48A1D3557538D8" author="REITTER, E." box="[644,804,190,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="113 - 171" refId="ref20299" refString="REITTER, E. (1922): Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Helopinae (Col. Tenebrionidae). - Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 39: 1 - 44, 113 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 2572" type="journal article" year="1922">Reitter, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF62A19A5201390C" blockId="13.[174,1104,246,269]" box="[174,1104,246,269]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
<materialsCitation id="3B7A156DFFF7FFF8FF62A19A521D390C" box="[174,1100,246,269]" collectionCode="GEBIEN" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A9A192FFF7FFF8FF62A19A56B5390D" box="[174,228,247,268]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FE8DA19B57AA390A" box="[321,507,246,267]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Isopedus plicatulus</emphasis>
Kraatz, 1880, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FC76A19A5214390C" author="GEBIEN, H." box="[954,1093,247,269]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="895 - 926" refId="ref17973" refString="GEBIEN, H. (1943): Katalog der Tenebrioniden. Teil. 3. - Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 33: 399 - 430 (778 - 809), 895 - 926 (810 - 841)." type="journal article" year="1943">
<collectionCode id="ED0387F5FFF7FFF8FC76A19A5254390D" box="[954,1029,247,268]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">GEBIEN</collectionCode>
, 1943
</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF26A05D558F3ABD" blockId="13.[173,1128,304,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
General morphology of adults. Body small or moderate in size (body length
<quantity id="4CEAB2D5FFF7FFF8FBE8A05D568D3963" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="3.5">3.511 mm</quantity>
), slender, convex, brown or rarely black, shiny, sometimes with bronze shade. Eyes weakly transverse, oval or rarely almost round (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FCD3A007524B3981" authority="Reitter, 1922" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[799,1050,362,384]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gunarellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FCD3A00755DD397E" box="[799,908,362,383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Gunarellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FC5EA007524B3981" author="REITTER, E." box="[914,1050,362,384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="113 - 171" refId="ref20299" refString="REITTER, E. (1922): Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Helopinae (Col. Tenebrionidae). - Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 39: 1 - 44, 113 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 2572" type="journal article" year="1922">Reitter, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Anterior margin of frontoclypeus straight. Male antennae long, with 45 apical antennomeres extending beyond base of pronotum, male with elongate banana-shaped ultimate antennomere (
<figureCitation id="132903B5FFF7FFF8FEC0A0AD570A39D7" box="[268,347,448,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[179,215,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[139,1082,584,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-148@14.[136,1088,581,1519]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Stenohelops chinensis sp.n., habitus: A = male, holotype, B = female, paratype" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12626331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12626331/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum always more or less cordiform (
<figureCitation id="132903B5FFF7FFF8FCE7A0AD553939D7" box="[811,872,448,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[179,215,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[139,1082,584,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-148@14.[136,1088,581,1519]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Stenohelops chinensis sp.n., habitus: A = male, holotype, B = female, paratype" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12626331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12626331/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Prothoracic hypomera with transverse wrinkles (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FDE5A0B0556739F2" authority="Espanol, 1957" authorityName="Espanol" authorityYear="1957" box="[553,822,477,499]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stenomaleis">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FDE5A0B054CC39F3" box="[553,669,477,498]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenomaleis</emphasis>
Español, 1957
</taxonomicName>
), with punctures (
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FC38A0B0523639F3" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[1012,1127,477,498]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FC38A0B0523639F3" box="[1012,1127,477,498]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenohelops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2557E59FFF7FFF8FF62A09756BB3A0E" box="[174,234,506,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FF3AA09757323A0E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[246,355,506,527]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gunarellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FF3AA09757323A0E" box="[246,355,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Gunarellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or with combined wrinkles and punctures (some
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FC43A097569F3A2A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FC43A09755AE3A0E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[911,1023,506,527]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gunarellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gunarellus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FBC6A097569F3A2A" authorityName="Espanol" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stenomaleis">Stenomaleis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). Prosternal process weakly convex, not protrudent. Base of elytra with clear vertical border (pronotum rest against this border) and rounded, produced humeral angles. Elytra convex; interstriae sometimes with small granules, eighth interstria neither convex nor keel-shaped, connected with
<collectionCode id="ED0387F5FFF7FFF8FE2FA30057A23A83" box="[483,499,621,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">II</collectionCode>
III interstriae apically and not connected with elytral margin; epipleura not reaching elytral apex, regularly narrowed to elytral sutural angles, with dorsal carina usually invisible dorsally. Legs slender, male protarsi widened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF26A3AE54FA3AF4" blockId="13.[173,1128,304,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="132903B5FFF7FFF8FE42A3AE57AF3AD8" box="[398,510,707,729]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[136,172,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[138,1083,199,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[137,1088,191,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Asiatic species of the subtrube Helopina (Tenebrionidae: Helopini), details of structure. Apterotarpela clypealis (AF), Catomus solitarius (GK), Stenohelops chinensis (LO): A, G, L = aedeagus, ventral view, B, H, M = aedeagus, lateral view, C, I, N, O = median lobe" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12626323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12626323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Figs 4LO</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus helopioid; apical piece acute or rounded apically; median lobe with rounded bifurcate apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF26A390578B3B31" blockId="13.[173,1128,304,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Female genital tubes. Spermatheca without basal duct, with short common duct basally and multiple branches.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF26A25A57F73B4D" blockId="13.[173,1128,304,844]" box="[234,422,822,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Larvae unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF26A21C57AC3D1F" blockId="13.[173,1128,881,1445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
Composition. The genus contains 24 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FCD3A21C52333B8A" author="NABOZHENKO, M. V. &amp; LOBL, I." box="[799,1122,881,909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="241 - 257" refId="ref19945" refString="NABOZHENKO, M. V. &amp; LOBL, I. (2008) Tribe Helopini. Pp. 241 - 257. In: LOBL, I. &amp; SMETANA, A. (eds): Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 5. Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="book chapter" year="2008">NABOZHENKO &amp; LÖBL 2008</bibRefCitation>
, NABOZHENKO 2016) and is divided into three subgenera: s. str.,
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FC65A2FE52613BAC" authorityName="Espanol" authorityYear="1957" box="[937,1072,915,941]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stenomaleis">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FC65A2FE52613BAC" box="[937,1072,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenomaleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FF61A2D9577C3BCF" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[173,301,948,974]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gunarellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FF61A2D9577C3BCF" box="[173,301,948,974]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Gunarellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Differences between these subgenera are not distinct.
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FC2BA2D952363BCF" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[999,1127,948,974]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gunarellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FC2BA2D952363BCF" box="[999,1127,948,974]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Gunarellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other subgenera by not beaded elytral suture at apex (not clear character within genus) and usually pubescent head or all body dorsally.
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FF62A57457643C32" authorityName="Espanol" authorityYear="1957" box="[174,309,1049,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stenomaleis">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FF62A57457643C32" box="[174,309,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenomaleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from nominotypical subgenus in the wrinkled (punctured in
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FF1CA55657073C54" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[208,342,1083,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FF1CA55657073C54" box="[208,342,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenohelops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2557E59FFF7FFF8FEACA55657F53C54" box="[352,420,1083,1109]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) prohypomera, but this character is constantly variable (combined, with punctures and wrinkles or with only punctures or with only wrinkles) even in different populations of one species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FC82A51356BA3CBB" author="NABOZHENKO, M. V. &amp; KESKIN, B." pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="53 - 60" refId="ref19900" refString="NABOZHENKO, M. V. &amp; KESKIN, B. (2009): Two new species of the genus Gunarus Des Gozis, 1886 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini) from Southern Turkey. - Zootaxa 2170: 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009">NABOZHENKO &amp; KESKIN 2009</bibRefCitation>
). No clear differences are recognized between Iberian and Moroccan species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FE4CA5AC54C93CDA" authority="Reitter, 1922" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1922" box="[384,664,1217,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Helopelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FE4CA5AC57A93CDA" box="[384,504,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Helopelius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FE33A5AC54C93CDA" author="REITTER, E." box="[511,664,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="113 - 171" refId="ref20299" refString="REITTER, E. (1922): Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Helopinae (Col. Tenebrionidae). - Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 39: 1 - 44, 113 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 2572" type="journal article" year="1922">Reitter, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FD18A5AC52303CDD" authority="(NABOZHENKO 2015 b)" baseAuthorityName="NABOZHENKO" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[724,1121,1217,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FD18A5AC550B3CDA" box="[724,858,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenohelops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8362C1FFF7FFF8FCA7A5AC52073CDA" author="NABOZHENKO, M. V." box="[875,1110,1217,1244]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" pagination="33 - 37" refId="ref19620" refString="NABOZHENKO, M. V. (2015 b): To the knowledge of Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Morocco. - Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 11: 33 - 37." type="journal article" year="2015">
NABOZHENKO 2015
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FB85A5AC52073CDA" box="[1097,1110,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. One Chinese species can be formally placed to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FC5CA58E52463CFC" authorityName="Espanol" authorityYear="1957" box="[912,1047,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stenomaleis">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FC5CA58E52463CFC" box="[912,1047,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Stenomaleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on wrinkled prohypomera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD1F30FFF7FFF8FF26A44B57A93DA4" blockId="13.[173,1128,881,1445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">
Distribution. The genus has disjunctive range as
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FC98A44B55E83D41" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1854" box="[852,953,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nalassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FC98A44B55E83D41" box="[852,953,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Nalassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the main exclave occurs in the West Mediterranean region, the Balkans,
<collectingCountry id="F3055FA0FFF7FFF8FC6AA42A55AF3D60" box="[934,1022,1351,1377]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and the Caucasus. The small generic exclave with a single species
<taxonomicName id="4C1264B3FFF7FFF8FCB7A40752533D82" box="[891,1026,1385,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Stenohelops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966C322FFF7FFF8FCB7A40752533D82" box="[891,1026,1385,1412]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">S. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2557E59FFF7FFF8FBC5A407521A3D85" box="[1033,1099,1386,1412]" pageId="13" pageNumber="290" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is located in Southern
<collectingCountry id="F3055FA0FFF7FFF8FE6AA4E657A53DA4" box="[422,500,1419,1445]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="290">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>