891 lines
123 KiB
XML
891 lines
123 KiB
XML
<document id="5317B25E973DB7F5E31FA9F6FE359F0B" ID-CLB-Dataset="20508" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87bd8764-19cb-4bac-ac4a-9d131b540ae4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225002" ID-ZooBank="AA6568D3-FEC8-426E-8A47-9A309EC16862" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645519376045" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Archibald, S. Bruce, Gu, Jun-Jie & Mathewes, Rolf W." docDate="2022" docId="03BB87A5FFA0FF8C6686F98EFF646C49" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5100.4.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5100 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Palaeorehniidae Zeuner 2022, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="565" masterDocId="FF82FFDDFFA1FF8B6611FFF7FF9F6D2C" masterDocTitle="The Palaeorehniidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera, “ Zeuneropterinae ”), and new taxa from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America" masterLastPageNumber="572" masterPageNumber="559" pageNumber="560" updateTime="1699316001133" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="28BCEAD3A516B9745A7E9A1D52B965F5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B1C754B17B2BA045AB6028BB7D0DA87E">
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<mods:title id="C79A3DBBF630C98E55E8A39B4781FDE4">The Palaeorehniidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera, “ Zeuneropterinae ”), and new taxa from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="386DDF02DC6A04A6B7C6BCDEFFC77D9D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="38667543B565D2236A6B2C25335FCBB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AE66DB525445E6386477E6F851FD0F5C">Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DFDF7E29FE0D64B6869E2C919D450DC9">Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V 5 A 1 S 6, Canada Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America & Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V 8 W 9 W 2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="670746E7A3CE5CBA10A10D1272BEB0A6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5C6DC5D28717A0895EE670B4078AF565">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="19EDBB8D0AF5AFEEE03F4589EFE58468">Gu, Jun-Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A2CD02709B6F2C21AC102F47B3700CF">College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7DADA6049EA47B302920BB0ACABBC4F2" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="72AF8B43EE1B2F94697F0704D38E7C47">Mathewes, Rolf W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="276597486ECB46959FCCC35D0F014799" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7637-199X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4F603351876DFD55F23B659EA2AAA917">Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V 5 A 1 S 6, Canada Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America & r _ mathewes @ sfu. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7637 - 199 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BA74E65F1534EE37140492016CFC936" type="email">r_mathewes@sfu.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="CE6A8982B6923196596FDF4C8F040349">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="695D580FD8FE3EE2AC91FC7E95D93334">
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<mods:date id="066A91EA2FE6CB25D2512BAAC478F388">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7878F4685AD070B420CAEB4B3E92B02A">2022-02-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="437E8F7F329FF5861700FA2C39A2CA4A">5100</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87A5FFA0FF8C6686F98EFF646C49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6314908" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193584145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6314908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87A5FFA0FF8C6686F98EFF646C49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87A5FFA0FF8C6686F98EFF646C49" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
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<subSubSection id="C3086538FFA0FF8A6686F98EFD066BB8" box="[151,665,1657,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA0FF8A6686F98EFD066BB8" blockId="1.[151,665,1657,1684]" box="[151,665,1657,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
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<heading id="D0E581DFFFA0FF8A6686F98EFD066BB8" bold="true" box="[151,665,1657,1684]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" reason="1">
|
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6686F98EFD066BB8" bold="true" box="[151,665,1657,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
|
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A66E6F98EFDBD6BB8" ID-CoL="9GZTQ" authority="Zeuner" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[247,546,1657,1684]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" rank="family" status="stat. nov.">Palaeorehniidae Zeuner</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557DAFFA0FF8A6438F98DFD066BB8" box="[553,665,1658,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3086538FFA0FF8F6686F94BFB216A6B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA0FF8A6686F94BFCF66A33" blockId="1.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6686F94BFC616BFA" bold="true" box="[151,1022,1724,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6686F94BFEAC6BFB" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,307,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6686F94BFEAC6BFB" bold="true" box="[151,307,1724,1751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6792F94BFE616BFA" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[387,510,1724,1750]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6418F94BFD4E6BFA" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[521,721,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6530F94BFC676BFA" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[801,1016,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A6215F94BFB5D6BFB" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1028,1218,1724,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="126 - 128" refId="ref5724" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1908) A fossil Orthopterous insect with the media and cubitus fusing. Entomological News, 19, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1908">Cockerell (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the similarities of
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6716F917FD8D6BD6" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[263,530,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6716F917FE016BD6" box="[263,414,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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to other taxa but did not assign it to a higher taxon within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A62D0F917FABE6BD6" box="[1217,1313,1760,1786]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ensifera">Ensifera</taxonomicName>
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, nor did he publish a drawing of it, only low-resolution photographs (1909).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA0FF8A66D6F8DEFA956AA7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A66D6F8DEFEF86A6F" author="Zeuner, F. E." box="[199,359,1833,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="154 - 159" refId="ref7704" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1937) Descriptions of new genera and species of fossil Saltatoria (Orthoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, Series B, 6, 154 - 159 https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1937. tb 00314. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Zeuner (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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grouped
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A67DEF8DFFDF96A6E" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[463,614,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A67DEF8DFFDF96A6E" box="[463,614,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A648DF8DFFC196A6F" authority="Zeuner" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="1937" box="[668,902,1832,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Jurassobatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A648DF8DFFCAE6A6E" box="[668,817,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Jurassobatea</emphasis>
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Zeuner
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</taxonomicName>
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(Jurassic of
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<collectingCountry id="F3057623FFA0FF8A6203F8DEFBE36A6F" box="[1042,1148,1833,1859]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Germany</collectingCountry>
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) as the Palaeorehniinae, a subfamily of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6747F8BBFE646A4A" box="[342,507,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllacrididae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6417F8BBFD026A4A" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[518,669,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6417F8BBFD026A4A" box="[518,669,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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included
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A651CF8BAFB986A4B" authority="(Scudder)" baseAuthorityName="Scudder" box="[781,1031,1868,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A651CF8BAFC0F6A4A" box="[781,912,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">P. maculata</emphasis>
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(Scudder)
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Priabonian shale at Florissant,
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<collectingRegion id="49D6F851FFA0FF8A66C3F887FEA26AA6" box="[210,317,1904,1930]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3057623FFA0FF8A6758F886FEE06AA7" box="[329,383,1905,1931]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A679CF887FDB26AA7" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[397,557,1904,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="1 - 734" refId="ref7100" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1890) The Tertiary Insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 13, 1 - 734. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2507" type="journal article" year="1890">Scudder 1890</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A6428F887FD776AA7" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[569,744,1904,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="126 - 128" refId="ref5724" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1908) A fossil Orthopterous insect with the media and cubitus fusing. Entomological News, 19, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1908">Cockerell 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A64E2F886FCB16AA7" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[755,814,1905,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="283 - 286" refId="ref5755" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1909) Description of Tertiary insects, VII. American Journal of Sciences, Series 4, 28, 283 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 4 - 28.165.283" type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A6528F886FBC66AA7" author="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C." box="[825,1113,1904,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref6577" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C. (1983) Further observations on North American Tertiary orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 83 - 019" type="journal article" year="1983">Kevan and Wighton 1983</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6289F886FA9C6AA6" box="[1176,1283,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6289F886FA9C6AA6" box="[1176,1283,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">P. scotica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA0FF8966D6F863FCF36DF9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1724,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A66D6F863FEF66A83" author="Sharov, A. G." box="[199,361,1940,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="192 - 209" refId="ref7147" refString="Sharov, A. G. (1962) Orthoptera (Saltatoria). In B. B. Rohdendorf ed. Osnovy Paleontologii: Spravochnik dlya paleontologov i geologov SSSR, 9, Chlenistonogie, Tracheiny i Khelitserovye [Fundamentals of paleontology: reference book for paleontologists and geologists of the U. S. S. R. 9, arthropods, tracheates and chelicerates]. Izdatel'stvo Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, pp 146 - 157. [English translation 1971 published by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., pp. 192 - 209]" type="journal article" year="1962">Sharov (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A67D5F862FDD76A82" box="[452,584,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
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<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A67D5F862FDD76A82" box="[452,584,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A646EF863FC8B6A82" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="1937" box="[639,788,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Jurassobatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A646EF863FC8B6A82" box="[639,788,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Jurassobatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A652AF863FC3F6A82" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[827,928,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haglidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A65B6F862FBDD6A82" box="[935,1090,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
and erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6355F862FEA76AFE" authority="Sharov" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6355F862FF7F6AFE" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
Sharov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6778F84EFE4A6AFE" box="[361,469,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6778F84EFE4A6AFE" box="[361,469,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">P. scotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, maintaining the subfamily name Palaeorehniinae. As it no longer contained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6355F84FFD816ADB" authority=", Kevan and Wighton (1983)" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA0FF8A6355F84FFF406ADA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="560">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA0FF8A66FCF82AFD816ADB" author="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C." box="[237,542,2012,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref6577" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C. (1983) Further observations on North American Tertiary orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 83 - 019" type="journal article" year="1983">Kevan and Wighton (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed the replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A659FF82BFBDA6ADA" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[910,1093,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA0FF8A6263F82BFA876ADB" box="[1138,1304,2012,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllacrididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), consisting only of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8966E2FF60FE156D9C" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[243,394,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8966E2FF60FE156D9C" box="[243,394,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They assigned their new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896519FF60FBEC6D9D" authority="Kevan and Wighton" authorityName="Kevan and Wighton" box="[776,1139,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896519FF60FC1B6D9D" box="[776,900,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
Kevan and Wighton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8962D6FF60FE826DFA" authority="(Hagloidea)" baseAuthorityName="Hagloidea" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae (Hagloidea)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967EBFF4CFDE26DF9" box="[506,637,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8967EBFF4CFDE26DF9" box="[506,637,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to it as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6FF28FC916C49" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
Zeuner, Sharov,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF896791FF28FD856DD5" author="Ragge, D. R." box="[384,538,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" refId="ref6987" refString="Ragge, D. R. (1955) The wing-venation of the Orthoptera Saltatoria, with notes on Dictyopteran wing-venation. British Museum (Natural History), London, vi + 159 pp." type="book" year="1955">Ragge (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others in much of the Twentieth Century had differing arrangements of the superfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896740FEF4FE316C31" box="[337,430,259,285]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ensifera">Ensifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their compositions, understanding the relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89622BFEF4FB4E6C30" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[1082,1233,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF89622BFEF4FB4E6C30" box="[1082,1233,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896314FEF4FA036C31" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[1285,1436,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896314FEF4FA036C31" box="[1285,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to each other and within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967C9FED0FDAA6C6D" box="[472,565,295,321]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ensifera">Ensifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a variety of ways. For brief reviews of the history of this thought,
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896353FED0FAD16C6C" box="[1346,1358,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896344FED0FAFC6C6C" box="[1365,1379,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">g</emphasis>
|
||
., see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF896686FEBCFE5D6C49" author="Kevan, D. K. & Wighton, D. C." box="[151,450,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" pagination="1824 - 1837" refId="ref6526" refString="Kevan, D. K. McE. & Wighton, D. C. (1981) Paleocene orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18, 1824 - 1837. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 81 - 170" type="journal article" year="1981">Kevan and Wighton (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF8967DCFEBCFD996C49" author="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C." box="[461,518,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref6577" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C. (1983) Further observations on North American Tertiary orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 83 - 019" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF896454FEBCFC956C49" author="Gorochov, A. V." box="[581,778,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" pagination="1 - 540" refId="ref6052" refString="Gorochov, A. V. (2001) the higher classification, phylogeny and evolution of the Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea. In: Field, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets, and their Allies. CABI publishing, New York, pp. 1 - 540. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0003" type="book chapter" year="2001">Gorochov (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6FE98FE236F35" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
The current generally accepted view has
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896480FE98FCB76CA5" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[657,808,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896480FE98FCB76CA5" box="[657,808,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896567FE98FC766CA5" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[886,1001,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89620EFE98FB496CA5" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[1055,1238,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896314FE98FA036CA4" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[1285,1436,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896314FE98FA036CA4" box="[1285,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8966DBFE64FED96C81" box="[202,326,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8966DBFE64FED96C81" box="[202,326,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967B6FE64FDEF6C81" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[423,624,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gorochov 1995, but see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF8965B5FE64FBD76C81" author="Bethoux, O." box="[932,1096,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" pagination="179 - 225" refId="ref5681" refString="Bethoux, O. (2012) King crickets, raspy crickets and weta, their wings, their fossil relatives. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 21, 179 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.021.0206" type="journal article" year="2012">Béthoux 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who makes an argument for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896686FE40FEB16CFC" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,302,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896686FE40FEB16CFC" box="[151,302,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89676FFE40FDC66CFE" box="[382,601,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF89647DFE40FCB16CFD" author="Gorochov, A. V." box="[620,814,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" pagination="1 - 540" refId="ref6052" refString="Gorochov, A. V. (2001) the higher classification, phylogeny and evolution of the Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea. In: Field, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets, and their Allies. CABI publishing, New York, pp. 1 - 540. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0003" type="book chapter" year="2001">Gorochov (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8965E1FE40FB386CFD" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[1008,1191,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be close to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896686FE2CFD836CDA" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,540,475,502]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anostostomatidae (Mimnermidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially its subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896520FE2CFC546CD9" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[817,971,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cratomelinae">Cratomelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although with uncertainty as to it belonging the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8966FAFE08FE286F35" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[235,439,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6FDD4FAA36FE1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
In Gorochov’s diagnosis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896423FDD4FD646F11" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[562,763,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1995, page 186), CuA+CuPaα, CuPaβ, CuPb, and 1A are long and at a low angle to the posterior margin (“parallelization”), ending in the distal quarter of the wing as is reconstructed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896779FD9CFDBC6FA9" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[360,547,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896493FD9CFD546FA8" box="[642,715,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">contra</emphasis>
|
||
his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8964EAFD9CFCF16FA9" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[763,878,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
concept (1995, page 107) where these four veins meet the posterior margin farther from the wing apex at a steeper angle (and see Gorochov 1988, 2001) as in the reconstruction of Cockerell’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967F2FD44FDF86FE1" box="[483,615,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8967F2FD44FDF86FE1" box="[483,615,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wing of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA3FF8964DAFD44FCF86FE1" author="Zeuner, F. E." box="[715,871,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" refId="ref7761" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1939) Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera. British Museum (Natural History), London, 321 pp." type="book" year="1939">Zeuner (1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate 2; plate 22,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF896222FD44FBE96FE1" box="[1075,1142,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; plate 25,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF8962FAFD44FAB46FE1" box="[1259,1323,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6FD20FE9D698D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8966D6FD20FD226FDC" bold="true" box="[199,701,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Reassessment of superfamily assignments.</emphasis>
|
||
The angles and ending points of CuA+CuPaα, CuPaβ, CuPb, and 1A in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8966CAFD0CFEED6E39" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[219,370,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8966CAFD0CFEED6E39" box="[219,370,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896790FD0CFD876E38" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[385,536,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896790FD0CFD876E38" box="[385,536,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89645FFD0CFD556E39" box="[590,714,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF89645FFD0CFD556E39" box="[590,714,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have, however, been estimated based on reconstructions of partial wings, none of which completely preserves those veins to their ends. To evaluate the assumption that these veins conform with Gorochov’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967ADFCB4FDB06E71" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[444,559,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896440FCB4FD776E71" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[593,744,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896440FCB4FD776E71" box="[593,744,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we examined modern high-resolution photographs of the part and counterpart of Cockerell’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA3FF8967FFFC90FDCF6EAD" box="[494,592,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF89644FFC90FD796EAD" box="[606,742,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 1A–1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In these, the line thought to be a portion of the posterior wing margin can now be seen to be a part of a displaced, upturned vein in a folded section as in the similarly folded basal posterior region of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967B3FC58FDFD6EE5" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[418,610,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8967B3FC58FDFD6EE5" box="[418,610,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Ypopteron nicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF896530FC58FCF76EE5" box="[801,872,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,987,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-209@7.[151,1436,987,1899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ypopteron nicola, new genus and species, holotype Q-1010, Quilchena: A, photograph; B, drawing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225018/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zeuner’s reconstruction (1939) then incorrectly rotates the wing clockwise, increasing the angles of these four veins to the non-existent portion of the posterior margin, therefore, ending too basally on the wing margin for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89650BFC00FC2E693D" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[794,945,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF89650BFC00FC2E693D" box="[794,945,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be associated with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8962C5FC00FA02693D" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1236,1437,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF8966B1FBECFF666919" box="[160,249,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). While there is not a sufficient portion of the posterior margin preserved to act as a landmark with which to orient the wing, it should be rotated counterclockwise by some unknown amount from Zeuner’s reconstruction and from that in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF896742FB94FE386951" box="[339,423,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
, and it is equally likely that the angles of these veins match those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8962BDFB94FADC6950" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[1196,1347,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8962BDFB94FADC6950" box="[1196,1347,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89636BFB94FF64698D" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF89636BFB94FF64698D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6FB5CFCA968ED" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
This interpretation is also suggested by a new, high-resolution photograph of a second, unpublished fossil tegmen in the University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D6F851FFA3FF8967BDFB38FD8B69C5" box="[428,532,1231,1257]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Boulder) collections (UCM-18757:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF8965A5FB38FB8269C5" box="[948,1053,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) labelled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896287FB38FF586821" authority="Ckll" authorityName="Ckll" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896287FB38FA0369C5" box="[1174,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Palaeorehnia maculata</emphasis>
|
||
Ckll
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(apparently) Florissant T. Duce”. It is quite damaged and is somewhat smaller than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8962DDFB04FACC6821" box="[1228,1363,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8962DDFB04FACC6821" box="[1228,1363,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wing, although this might be explained by sexual dimorphism. Its preserved venation is similar enough to that of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896686FACCFE836879" box="[151,284,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896686FACCFE836879" box="[151,284,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA3FF896734FACCFE186879" box="[293,391,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
that it is likely closely related or perhaps even conspecific as the tentative identification on the label indicates. The basal branching of RA and RP is notably like that of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896223FAA8FB286855" box="[1074,1207,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896223FAA8FB286855" box="[1074,1207,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen. The posterior margin of the wing and CuPaβ, CuPb, and 1A are not preserved, but the distal portions of the branches of CuA+CuPaα appear long, at a low angle to the wing length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6FA3CFBC26B7D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
We further evaluated the angle of these veins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8964FBFA3CFC1E68C8" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[746,897,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8964FBFA3CFC1E68C8" box="[746,897,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose sole fossil is missing its distal posterior portion. Sharov’s reconstruction (1962: Fig. 402, redrawn here as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF89659DFA18FC7A6B25" box="[908,997,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1263,1287]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,190,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1239]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Reconstructions of the distal missing portion of the wing of Zeuneroptera scotica, venation of the fossil in black with reconstructed missing venation in green: A, reconstruction of Sharov (1962, Fig. 402); B, new reconstruction. No scale bar on original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225008/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) presumes a quite wide wing with the reconstructed portions of CuPaβ, CuPb, and 1A straightening in the missing portion from their curves in their preserved portions. In this interpretation, these veins are long as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF89659CF9C0FBC66B7D" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[909,1113,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6F9ACFCBC6A29" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
This missing portion could, however, have been narrower than Sharov speculated, and if these veins continue their curvature as in his drawing of their preserved portions (we have not seen the fossil or its modern photographs; access to collections at the Natural History Museum, London, is restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic), then they terminate more basally, not as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896476F930FCAF6BCD" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[615,816,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig, 2B). Both reconstructions are possible, and so the angles and termination points of these veins are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6F8F8FCAE6A61" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
In the partial tegmen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF8967C9F8F8FDCB6A05" box="[472,596,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF8967C9F8F8FDCB6A05" box="[472,596,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CuA+CuPaα, CuPaβ and possibly CuPb (but possibly not 1A?) appear to be angled low to the margin and most likely long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA3FF8964DDF8C4FCBB6A61" box="[716,804,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA3FF8966D6F8A0FC286AF1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7A3CEEFFA3FF8966D6F8A0FC2B6AF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3496921305" collectionCode="SR, MA, MP" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Although there are three fossil tegmina known of the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA3FF896587F8A0FBCF6A5D" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[918,1104,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA3FF896587F8A0FBCF6A5D" box="[918,1104,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="561">Republicopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, none have the distal portions of these four veins preserved. Their preserved portions suggest, however, that they are long. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA3FF8962F4F88CFAD86AB9" box="[1253,1351,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED03AE76FFA3FF89635FF88CFAEF6AB9" box="[1358,1392,1915,1941]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14050" name="Sichuan Institute of Natural Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" type="Herbarium">SR</collectionCode>
|
||
00- 04-06 part of the anterior margin is preserved with which to align the fossil, indicating that at least
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED03AE76FFA3FF896312F868FAAC6A95" box="[1283,1331,1951,1977]" country="Spain" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15682" name="Real Jardín Botánico" pageId="2" pageNumber="561" type="Herbarium">MA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED03AE76FFA3FF89632EF868FAF86A95" box="[1343,1383,1951,1977]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="2" pageNumber="561">MP</collectionCode>
|
||
, and CuA+CuPaα are long, oriented at a low angle to the length of the wing
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA2FF8866D6FF60FDB06C6D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">
|
||
In the more complete tegmen of the new genus and species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF886562FF60FBAD6D9D" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[883,1074,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF886562FF60FBAD6D9D" box="[883,1074,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">Ypopteron nicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the termination points of these veins are more proximal than in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF886420FF4CFD656DF9" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[561,762,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are like those of many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF886224FF4CFA906DF9" box="[1077,1295,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: only two of five branches of CuA+CuPaα end in the distal quarter of the wing, and CuPaβ ends mid-wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA2FF8862A5FF28FB666DD5" box="[1204,1273,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,987,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-209@7.[151,1436,987,1899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ypopteron nicola, new genus and species, holotype Q-1010, Quilchena: A, photograph; B, drawing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225018/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Note that the distal portions of the basal branch of CuA+CuPaα, CuPaβ, CuPb, and the anal veins are upturned by a fold of the wing as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF88672BFED0FE216C6D" box="[314,446,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF88672BFED0FE216C6D" box="[314,446,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA2FF8867D4FED0FDB46C6D" box="[453,555,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D663BFFA2FF886686F8EDFE656ACA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" startId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" targetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA2FF886686F8EDFE656ACA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1818,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF886686F8EDFE8C6A1E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1818,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF88670BF8EDFD986A1E" box="[282,519,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF88670BF8EDFD986A1E" box="[282,519,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">Palaeorehnia maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF8865E8F8C8FB946A7B" box="[1017,1035,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">cf</emphasis>
|
||
. veins of upturned portion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF886327F8C8FF496A56" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF886327F8C8FF496A56" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">Ypopteron nicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA2FF886720F870FE226AB3" author="Zeuner, F. E." box="[305,445,1927,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" refId="ref7761" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1939) Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera. British Museum (Natural History), London, 321 pp." type="book" year="1939">Zeuner (1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA2FF8866C7F85DFE5B6AEE" box="[214,452,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA2FF8866C7F85DFE5B6AEE" box="[214,452,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="562">Palaeorehnia maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D663BFFA5FF8F6686FB18FE926863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225008/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" startId="4.[151,250,1263,1287]" targetBox="[158,1424,190,1228]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA5FF8F6686FB18FE926863" blockId="4.[151,1436,1263,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F6686FB18FE8B682B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1263,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Reconstructions of the distal missing portion of the wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6597FB07FBC1682B" box="[902,1118,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F6597FB07FBC1682B" box="[902,1118,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Zeuneroptera scotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, venation of the fossil in black with reconstructed missing venation in green: A, reconstruction of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA5FF8F6526FAE4FC5D6807" author="Sharov, A. G." box="[823,962,1299,1323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" pagination="192 - 209" refId="ref7147" refString="Sharov, A. G. (1962) Orthoptera (Saltatoria). In B. B. Rohdendorf ed. Osnovy Paleontologii: Spravochnik dlya paleontologov i geologov SSSR, 9, Chlenistonogie, Tracheiny i Khelitserovye [Fundamentals of paleontology: reference book for paleontologists and geologists of the U. S. S. R. 9, arthropods, tracheates and chelicerates]. Izdatel'stvo Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, pp 146 - 157. [English translation 1971 published by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., pp. 192 - 209]" type="journal article" year="1962">Sharov (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 402); B, new reconstruction. No scale bar on original.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA5FF8F66D6FA8AFE306B43" blockId="4.[151,1437,1405,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
These four veins then might or might not conform with Grochov’s diagnosis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F624BFA8AFABC68BB" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1114,1315,1405,1431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6355FA8AFF406897" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F6355FA8AFF406897" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6706FA55FE316897" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[279,430,1442,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F6706FA55FE316897" box="[279,430,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probably do in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F647BFA56FD796897" box="[618,742,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F647BFA56FD796897" box="[618,742,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F650FFA56FC476897" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[798,984,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F650FFA56FC476897" box="[798,984,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Republicopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and do not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6295FA55FB6A6897" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[1156,1269,1442,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F6295FA55FB6A6897" box="[1156,1269,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Ypopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. By the strong similarity of all other aspects of the venation of these five genera listed in our emended diagnosis below, we group them as a taxon of unknown superfamily affinity, suspecting that these veins might have a range of lengths among them, perhaps varying from the hagloid-type to the stenopelmatoid-type. If this is so, it would be in concordance with Gorochov (1995), who considered the venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F651FF9C6FC5A6B67" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[782,965,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be intermediate between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6320F9C6FF616B43" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" pageId="4" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6725F9A2FE346B43" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[308,427,1621,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA5FF8F66D6F98EFF7F6BF0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1405,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
Like the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F673DF98EFD9B6BBF" box="[300,516,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CuA+CuPaα has numerous branches in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F65ECF98EFB286BBF" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[1021,1207,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, further excluding it from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6711F96AFE566B9B" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[256,457,1693,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6465F96AFCDC6B94" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1859" box="[628,835,1693,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anostostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), where there are no more than two (Gorochov 1995, 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA5FF8F66D6F912FB216A6B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1405,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
With the restoration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F67DCF912FDFB6BD3" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[461,612,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F67DCF912FDFB6BD3" box="[461,612,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the taxon, its name reverts to Palaeorehniinae. As it is not then associated with any family, we raise it to the family level and treat it as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F65B5F8FEFB326A08" authority="Zeuner" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[932,1197,1801,1828]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="560" rank="family" status="stat. nov.">Palaeorehniidae Zeuner</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557DAFFA5FF8F62A4F8FDFA836A08" box="[1205,1308,1802,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, defining it by emending Gorochov’s diagnosis (1995, part 1, page 126) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6597F8DAFBA26A6B" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[902,1085,1837,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3086538FFA5FF8E66D6F8A5FD1A6F35" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA5FF8F66D6F8A5FEC76A9F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1405,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F66D6F8A5FE2B6A47" bold="true" box="[199,436,1873,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The tegmen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F6470F8A6FC8B6A47" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[609,788,1873,1899]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have venation most like that of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA5FF8F62D6F8A6FA036A47" box="[1223,1436,1873,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA5FF8F66B0F881FF566AA3" box="[161,201,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, CuPb and 2A rather equally bowed away from 1A basally), but may be distinguished from them most easily by the following.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA4FF8E6686FF60FCCD6DD5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
1: CuPaα (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E6733FF60FEF86D9D" box="[290,359,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, red) not aligned with CuPa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E64ABFF60FD606D9D" box="[698,767,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, dark blue), angled toward M before its branching, toward anterior margin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E6793FF4CFE7D6DF9" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[386,482,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA4FF8E6793FF4CFE7D6DF9" box="[386,482,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Y. nicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: weakly; all others: more so) [all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E6549FF4CFC4F6DF9" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[856,976,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
: CuPaα aligned with CuPa, subparallel to M before M branching, directed toward posterior margin];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA4FF8E6686FEF4FD9E6C6D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
2: basal branch of CuA+CuPaα (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E6402FEF4FDF56C31" box="[531,618,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, light blue) not aligned with free CuA [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E6209FEF4FB6A6C31" box="[1048,1269,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: almost always aligned, but see discussion];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA4FF8E6686FEBCFD386C81" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
3: CuPaα oblique to CuA+CuPaα not aligned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E64BEFEBCFD6E6C49" box="[687,753,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, purple), these, with free CuA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E625FFEBCFB0E6C49" box="[1102,1169,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, green) form a “Y rotated counterclockwise [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E67ABFE98FD086CA5" box="[442,663,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: CuPaα aligned with CuA+CuPaα distal basal branch as in character state 2; these, with free CuA form an “X”];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA4FF8E6686FE40FD1A6F35" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
4: as a consequence of 1 and 3, space posterior to M+CuA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E652FFE40FC1F6CFD" box="[830,896,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, yellow), twice or more width of space posterior to M immediately distal to it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E641EFE2CFDCE6CD9" box="[527,593,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, orange) [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E64AEFE2CFC036CD9" box="[703,924,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: similar width, but narrowing distal to branching of M (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA4FF8E6726FE08FEE46F35" box="[311,379,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-182@5.[159,1429,561,1878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic character states of the wing of Palaeorehniidae (see text); comparative Prophalangopsidae (A) and Palaeorehniidae (B, C): A, Aboilus tigris Gorochov, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B, Republicopteron douseae specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of Albertoilus cervirufi, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, light brown) in many];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D663BFFA4FF8E6686F89AFA996ADD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" startId="5.[151,250,1901,1925]" targetBox="[170,1419,569,1865]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA4FF8E6686F89AFA996ADD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1901,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA4FF8E6686F89AFE8C6AA9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1901,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic character states of the wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E64D2F89AFCFA6AA9" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[707,869,1901,1925]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see text); comparative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E6249F89AFA866AA9" box="[1112,1305,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E6362F89AFE876A85" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B, C): A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E679BF866FD1F6A85" authority="Gorochov" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1996" box="[394,640,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Aboilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA4FF8E679BF866FD8B6A85" box="[394,532,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Aboilus tigris</emphasis>
|
||
Gorochov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, redrawn from Gorochov (1996, Fig. 2c); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E628AF866FA036A85" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[1179,1436,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="douseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA4FF8E628AF866FA036A85" box="[1179,1436,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Republicopteron douseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen SR 21-005-001; C, tegmen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA4FF8E6438F842FD696AE1" box="[553,758,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cervirufi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA4FF8E6438F842FD696AE1" box="[553,758,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Albertoilus cervirufi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redrawn from Kevan and Wighton, with distal fragment positioned as in their drawing (1983, Fig. 1b). Scale bar for B, see Fig. 7; for C, see original; original of A has no scale bar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3086538FFA7FF8D66D6FF61FE186DF9" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D66D6FF61FE186DF9" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66D6FF61FD9F6D9C" bold="true" box="[199,512,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA7FF8D66D6FF61FE9D6D9C" box="[199,258,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
and included genera.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA7FF8D6417FF60FDA16D9D" box="[518,574,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6483FF61FCB66D9C" ID-CoL="8NWLY" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[658,809,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6483FF61FCB66D9C" box="[658,809,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; included genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D65E7FF60FB126D9C" ID-CoL="8P33H" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[1014,1165,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D65E7FF60FB126D9C" box="[1014,1165,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D628AFF60FA936D9C" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[1179,1292,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D628AFF60FA936D9C" box="[1179,1292,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Ypopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6308FF61FA0A6D9C" ID-CoL="8NLPP" box="[1305,1429,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6308FF61FA0A6D9C" box="[1305,1429,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66D6FF4DFE1E6DF8" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,385,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66D6FF4DFE1E6DF8" box="[199,385,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Republicopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3086538FFA7FF8C66D6FF29FF646C49" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D66D6FF29FE9F6CD8" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66D6FF29FED36DD4" bold="true" box="[199,332,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6765FF29FDD36DD4" box="[372,588,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the basal branch of CuA+CuPaα (see character state 2 of the diagnosis) is shifted basally in Gorochov’s (1996,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA7FF8D6428FEF5FD0F6C31" box="[569,656,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[164,1434,632,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-211@8.[151,1436,632,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Republicopteron douseae, new genus and species, holotype SR 00-04-06, Republic: A, photograph; B, drawing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225022/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) drawing of the tegmen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D65D5FEF5FADE6C30" authority="Gorochov" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1996" box="[964,1345,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Karatailus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D65D5FEF5FB566C30" box="[964,1225,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Karatailus micropterus</emphasis>
|
||
Gorochov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and appears shifted slightly distally in a specimen of a male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D64F6FED1FB126C6D" authority="Lin et al." authorityName="Lin" box="[743,1165,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ashangopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daohugouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D64F6FED1FBBC6C6C" box="[743,1059,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Ashangopsis daohugouensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6247FED0FB196C6C" box="[1110,1158,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D62D7FED1FAF96C6C" author="Gu, J. - J. & Qiao, G. - X. & Dong, R." box="[1222,1382,294,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref6410" refString="Gu, J. - J., Qiao, G. - X. & Dong, R. (2010) Revision and new taxa of fossil Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 19, 41 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.019.0110" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gu
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D62FFFED0FA816C6C" box="[1262,1310,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 9.2), but is aligned with the free CuA in the female specimen (Fig. 9.4). The basal branch of CuA+CuPaα appears not aligned in
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6729FE99FDD66CA4" box="[312,585,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Prophalangosis obscura</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker), see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D64FDFE99FC026CA4" author="Liu, X. & Zhou, M. & Bi, W. & Tang, L." box="[748,925,366,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="53 - 62" refId="ref6692" refString="Liu, X., Zhou, M., Bi, W. & Tang, L. (2009) New data on taxonomy of recent Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera: Hagloidea). Zootaxa, 2026 (1), 53 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2026.1.6" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D650BFE98FCD46CA4" box="[794,843,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA7FF8D65B9FE99FC766CA4" box="[936,1001,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, their CuA2), but we believe this to be due to creasing of the wing; in a specimen that we examined, this basal branch originates at the distal end of the free CuA as in the above diagnosis, although it appears at a slightly different angle from it, also because of creasing of the wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D66D6FE08FDF46E14" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Two genera thought at times to belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D64A2FE09FCF56F34" authorityName="Kevan & Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[691,874,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeorehniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zeuneropterinae">Zeuneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been transferred to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D62B4FE09FAA26F34" authorityName="Krauss" authorityYear="1902" box="[1189,1341,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6354FE09FE086F10" authority="(Theobald) 1937" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Lithymnetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6354FE09FF4E6F10" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Lithymnetes</emphasis>
|
||
(Théobald) 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Oligocene,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3057623FFA7FF8D643CFDD4FDE36F11" box="[557,636,547,573]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D64D3FDD5FB936F11" authority="Nel et al." authorityName="Nel" box="[706,1036,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Archepseudophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D64D3FDD5FC066F10" box="[706,921,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Archepseudophylla</emphasis>
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D65C5FDD4FB986F10" box="[980,1031,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D6239FDD5FB456F10" author="Nel, A. & Prokop, J. & Ross, A. J." box="[1064,1242,546,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="211 - 216" refId="ref6922" refString="Nel, A., Prokop, J. & Ross, A. J. (2008) New genus of leaf-mimicking katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Late Eocene - Early Oligocene of France and England. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 7, 211 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2008.02.008" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D624AFDD4FB106F10" box="[1115,1167,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6330FDD5FF606F4C" authority="Pongracz" authorityName="Pongracz" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Eodecticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6330FDD5FA036F10" box="[1313,1436,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Eodecticus</emphasis>
|
||
Pongrácz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Miocene,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3057623FFA7FF8D6792FDB1FE486F4D" box="[387,471,582,609]" name="Croatia" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D67FFFDB1FD1F6F4C" author="Zeuner, F. E." box="[494,640,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" refId="ref7761" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1939) Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera. British Museum (Natural History), London, 321 pp." type="book" year="1939">Zeuner 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and see Gorochov 1995).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D65BEFDB0FB1A6F4C" author="Wang, H. & Fang, Y. & Li, S. & Hou, X. & Wang, B. & Zhang, H." box="[943,1157,582,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="93 - 98" refId="ref7539" refString="Wang, H., Fang, Y., Li, S., Hou, X., Wang, B. & Zhang, H. (2019) Revisiting of the Paleocene orthopteran insect Hylophalangopsis chinensis Lin and Huang, 2006 in northern Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 175, 93 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jseaes. 2018.06.003" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D65E9FDB0FBB56F4C" box="[1016,1066,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D631EFDB1FD9F6FA9" authority="Lin and Huang" authorityName="Lin and Huang" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Hylophalangopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D631EFDB1FED06FA8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Hylophalangopsis chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lin and Huang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6461FD9DFCDA6FA8" box="[624,837,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the taxon, however, while it agrees with character state 2 of our diagnosis (basal branch of CuA+CuPaα not aligned with free CuA), it disagrees with it and agrees with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66C0FD45FE396FE0" box="[209,422,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by character states 1, 3, and 4. Although this wing resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D62D6FD45FA036FE0" box="[1223,1436,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in these ways, MA, MP, CuA+CuPaα, CuPb, CuPaβ appear probably long as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D621AFD21FB486FDC" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1035,1239,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="570" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D631AFD21FA1D6FDC" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1291,1410,726,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A thorough analysis and placement of it to higher taxon is outside of the scope of this paper, but we are confident that it is not a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D67A1FCE9FDF86E14" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[432,615,798,824]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D66D6FCB4FEDA6EE5" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66F6FCB5FE206E70" box="[231,447,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prophalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, details of the branching of CuA+CuPaα vary within species and even between the left and right wings of an individual (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D6401FC91FD296EAC" author="Gu, J. & Zhao, Y. - Y. & Ren, D." box="[528,694,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="16 - 24" refId="ref6300" refString="Gu, J., Zhao, Y. - Y. & Ren, D. (2009) New fossil Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera, Hagloidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa, 2004 (1), 16 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2004.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Gu
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D642AFC90FDF26EAC" box="[571,621,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA7FF8D64D0FC90FC186EAC" author="Wang, H. & Fang, Y. & Zhang, Q. & Lei, X. & Wang, B. & Jarzembowski, E. A. & Zhang, H." box="[705,903,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="177 - 183" refId="ref7614" refString="Wang, H., Fang, Y., Zhang, Q., Lei, X., Wang, B., Jarzembowski, E. A. & Zhang, H. (2017) New material of Sigmaboilus (Insecta, Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae) from the Jurassic Daohugou Beds, Inner Mongolia, China. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107, 177 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755691017000172" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6518FC90FCA46EAC" box="[777,827,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We presume this is also true in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6334FC91FF406E88" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; therefore, we do not include these in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6900308FFA7FF8D649BFC7DFD426E88" box="[650,733,906,932]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1160,1184]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Character states differing among genera of Palaeorehniidae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" tableUuid="DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
(as above, however, that this vein has more than two branches is informative).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D66D6FC24FD776974" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
We suspect that perhaps two or more of the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6533FC25FC4A6EC0" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[802,981,978,1004]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be synonymized and some of the character states listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6900308FFA7FF8D67BFFC01FD9E693C" box="[430,513,1014,1040]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1160,1184]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Character states differing among genera of Palaeorehniidae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" tableUuid="DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
considered species-level differences. We refrain from doing so here as premature because except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6763FBEDFDB36918" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[370,556,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6763FBEDFDB36918" box="[370,556,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Republicopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are only known from single specimens (UCM-18757 is only tentatively associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D675BFBC8FE516974" box="[330,462,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D675BFBC8FE516974" box="[330,462,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and all are fragmentary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C" ID-Table-UUID="DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C" box="[151,912,1160,1184]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D663BFFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" startId="6.[151,239,1160,1184]" targetBox="[166,1349,1524,1750]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FB7FFC0F698C" blockId="6.[151,912,1160,1184]" box="[151,912,1160,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6686FB7FFE95698C" bold="true" box="[151,266,1160,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Character states differing among genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D64CEFB7FFC12698C" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[735,909,1160,1184]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<tableNote id="76F4373DFFA7FF8D6686FB27FBAB68C8" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" targetBox="[166,1349,1524,1750]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FB27FC5569CB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" box="[151,970,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">1: basal portion of 3A curves away from margin, toward 2A: A, yes; B, no;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FB03FAD26827" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" box="[151,1357,1268,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">2: space posterior to 2A about as wide as space posterior to 1A: A, yes; B, about half width; C, much narrower;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FAEFFB116803" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" box="[151,1166,1304,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">3: R branches basally, about same level as does M: A, yes; B, R branches notably distal to M;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FACBFA15687F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" box="[151,1418,1340,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">4: maximum width of space posterior to CuA+CuPaα about twice that posterior to CuPaβ: A, yes; B, about the same.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FA97FDB268B0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">5: 1A straight to about level of CuA and CuPaα joining, then curved: A, yes; B, at least twice that distance; C, evenly curved before and after this level;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FA5FFBDD68EC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" box="[151,1090,1448,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">6: 3A ends on margin before or at level of CuA and CuPaα joining: A, yes; B, beyond;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686FA3BFBAB68C8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1508]" box="[151,1076,1484,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">7: CuA+CuPaα basal to first branch shorter than CuPaα: A, yes; B, as long or longer.</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D644DFA03FADB6BF9" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<table id="F912C413FFA7007466B7FA03FADA6BFA" box="[166,1349,1524,1750]" gridcols="8" gridrows="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<tr id="352234F1FFA7007466B7FA03FADA6B20" box="[166,1349,1524,1548]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA70074644DFA03FDF16B20" box="[604,622,1524,1548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">1</th>
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007464C4FA03FD726B20" box="[725,749,1524,1548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">2</th>
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA70074655EFA03FCFE6B20" box="[847,865,1524,1548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">3</th>
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007465D9FA03FC456B20" box="[968,986,1524,1548]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">4</th>
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA700746250FA03FBFF6B20" box="[1089,1120,1524,1548]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">5</th>
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007462ABFA03FB486B20" box="[1210,1239,1524,1548]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">6</th>
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA700746322FA03FADA6B20" box="[1331,1349,1524,1548]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">7</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352234F1FFA7007466B7F9EBFADA6B19" box="[166,1349,1564,1589]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007466B7F9EBFED16B19" box="[166,334,1564,1589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66B7F9EBFEB06B18" authorityName=", Kevan and Wighton" authorityYear="1983" box="[166,303,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66B7F9EBFEB06B18" box="[166,303,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Palaeorehnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074644DF9EBFDF16B19" box="[604,622,1564,1589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007464C4F9EBFD726B19" box="[725,749,1564,1589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074655EF9EBFCFE6B19" box="[847,865,1564,1589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007465D9F9EBFC456B19" box="[968,986,1564,1589]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746250F9EBFBFF6B19" box="[1089,1120,1564,1589]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">C</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007462ABF9EBFB486B19" box="[1210,1239,1564,1589]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B§</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746322F9EBFADA6B19" box="[1331,1349,1564,1589]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352234F1FFA7007466B7F9B2FADA6B71" box="[166,1349,1605,1629]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007466B7F9B2FED16B71" box="[166,334,1605,1629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66B7F9B2FEB06B70" authorityName="Sharov" authorityYear="1962" box="[166,303,1605,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66B7F9B2FEB06B70" box="[166,303,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Zeuneroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074644DF9B2FDF16B71" box="[604,622,1605,1629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007464C4F9B2FD726B71" box="[725,749,1605,1629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">?*</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074655EF9B2FCFE6B71" box="[847,865,1605,1629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007465D9F9B2FC456B71" box="[968,986,1605,1629]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746250F9B2FBFF6B71" box="[1089,1120,1605,1629]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A†</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007462ABF9B2FB486B71" box="[1210,1239,1605,1629]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746322F9B2FADA6B71" box="[1331,1349,1605,1629]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352234F1FFA7007466B7F99AFADA6BA9" box="[166,1349,1645,1669]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007466B7F99AFED16BA9" box="[166,334,1645,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66B7F99AFE886BA9" box="[166,279,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66B7F99AFE886BA9" box="[166,279,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Albertoilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074644DF99AFDF16BA9" box="[604,622,1645,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007464C4F99AFD726BA9" box="[725,749,1645,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074655EF99AFCFE6BA9" box="[847,865,1645,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007465D9F99AFC456BA9" box="[968,986,1645,1669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746250F99AFBFF6BA9" box="[1089,1120,1645,1669]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B‡</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007462ABF99AFB486BA9" box="[1210,1239,1645,1669]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746322F99AFADA6BA9" box="[1331,1349,1645,1669]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352234F1FFA7007466B7F962FADA6B81" box="[166,1349,1685,1709]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007466B7F962FED16B81" box="[166,334,1685,1709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66B7F961FE936B81" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,268,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66B7F961FE936B81" box="[166,268,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Ypopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074644DF962FDF16B81" box="[604,622,1685,1709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007464C4F962FD726B81" box="[725,749,1685,1709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074655EF962FCFE6B81" box="[847,865,1685,1709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007465D9F962FC456B81" box="[968,986,1685,1709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746250F962FBFF6B81" box="[1089,1120,1685,1709]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007462ABF962FB486B81" box="[1210,1239,1685,1709]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">?¶</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746322F962FADA6B81" box="[1331,1349,1685,1709]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352234F1FFA7007466B7F949FADA6BFA" box="[166,1349,1726,1750]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<th id="76F35D8DFFA7007466B7F949FED16BFA" box="[166,334,1726,1750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66B7F949FED16BFA" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,334,1726,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66B7F949FED16BFA" box="[166,334,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Republicopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074644DF949FDF16BFA" box="[604,622,1726,1750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007464C4F949FD726BFA" box="[725,749,1726,1750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">C</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA70074655EF949FCFE6BFA" box="[847,865,1726,1750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007465D9F949FC456BFA" box="[968,986,1726,1750]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746250F949FBFF6BFA" box="[1089,1120,1726,1750]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">A</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA7007462ABF949FB486BFA" box="[1210,1239,1726,1750]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
<td id="76F35D8DFFA700746322F949FADA6BFA" box="[1331,1349,1726,1750]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">B</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8D6686F914FDBE6A6F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1763,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<tableNote id="76F4373DFFA7FF8D6686F914FDBE6A6F" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" targetBox="[166,1349,1524,1750]" targetPageId="6">*likely B (but most of space posterior to 2A not preserved); †likely A (but region basal to level of CuA and CuPaα joining mostly not preserved); ‡most likely B (but distal-most portion of 1A compared here not preserved); § most likely before this level; ¶ likely beyond this level.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36B3FFA7FF8C66D6F886FF646C49" blockId="6.[151,1436,1905,2040]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D14FD3AFFA7FF8D66EBF886FE326AA7" box="[250,429,1905,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D6429F885FD2C6AA7" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[568,691,1905,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Republicopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="douseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6429F885FDD66AA7" box="[568,585,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D6446F886FD2C6AA7" box="[599,691,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">douseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistent in the character states listed in table 1. Although the length of CuA+CuPaα before its first branching varies to some degree, it is always long, distinct from that of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66C8F84EFE0F6AFF" authorityName="Zeuner" authorityYear="2022" box="[217,400,1977,2003]" family="Palaeorehniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Palaeorehniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All three wings have dark membranes. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98811FFA7FF8D659CF84EFC706AFF" box="[909,1007,1977,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has some spots, but much fewer than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA7FF8D66E9F829FEE36ADB" box="[248,380,2013,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA7FF8D66E9F829FEE36ADB" box="[248,380,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D14FD3AFFA7FF8D67ADF829FDC76AD4" box="[444,600,2014,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
do not bear such spots, but this might be an artefact; compare the part and counterpart of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA6FF8C672CFF60FE5D6D9D" box="[317,450,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Palaeorehnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C672CFF60FE5D6D9D" box="[317,450,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A36FFA6FF8C67C3FF60FD1D6D9D" box="[466,642,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-105@3.[151,1435,345,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaeorehnia maculata holotype wing, A–E: A, closeup of the basal posterior portion of the counterpart, showing 1A and portions of it folded up over the wing and portions of unknown veins distally (cf. veins of upturned portion in Ypopteron nicola, Fig. 4); B, photograph of the part showing preserved colouration; C, photograph of the counterpart; D, reproduction of the drawing of Zeuner (1939: plate 25, Fig. 1); E, new drawing from the photographs (in same rotational orientation as D); tentative Palaeorehnia maculata, University of Colorado (Boulder) collections UCM-18757, F and G: F, photograph; G drawing. Scale bars for A and B–F are 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6225006/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">Fig. 1A and 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The photograph and drawing of the tegmen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA6FF8C62B9FF60FAB86D9D" box="[1192,1319,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Albertoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cervirufi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C62B9FF60FB266D9D" box="[1192,1209,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C62D6FF60FAB86D9D" box="[1223,1319,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">cervirufi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B42FFA6FF8C6342FF60FEE56DF9" author="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="566" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref6577" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. & Wighton, D. C. (1983) Further observations on North American Tertiary orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 83 - 019" type="journal article" year="1983">Kevan and Wighton (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are not very informative as to colouration, but they described the wing as bearing reasonably well developed maculations that are not definite in shape, although this pattern could also be an artefact. In Zeuner’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA6FF8C672BFEF4FE386C30" box="[314,423,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C672BFEF4FED56C30" box="[314,330,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C6749FEF4FE386C30" box="[344,423,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">scotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA6FF8C67C6FEF4FDDD6C30" box="[471,578,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Zeuneroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C67C6FEF4FDDD6C30" box="[471,578,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">P. scotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), he makes no mention of colouration, and we know of no description or illustration of this. The wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D30FFA6FF8C67F6FED0FDD56C6D" authorityName="Archibald & Gu & Mathewes" authorityYear="2022" box="[487,586,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Ypopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C67F6FED0FE686C6C" box="[487,503,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">Y</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAA1FFA6FF8C6415FED0FDD56C6D" box="[516,586,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="566">nicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears infuscate throughout, although preservation of the membrane varies across it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |