127 lines
15 KiB
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127 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="F7D874619F94BCB8C3FE4DFBE07EBC68" ID-CLB-Dataset="22711" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d92d903-e952-4d57-a9a9-d2ca461df931" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768743" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7F3FE8E-E562-4848-BB1E-7042281F8699" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587993603345" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Geraads, Denis & Spassov, Nikolaï" docDate="2020" docId="03B087A7F76AFFEE5B19989DFBF007D6" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.42.9.123-137.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 42 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Machairodus , Kaup 1833" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FF89FFDFF769FFED5A019E29FFCB0564" masterDocTitle="A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1698836828055" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="93097B3D44A996562E3D19DC5ACEC9D1">
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<mods:title id="1767DCC5DB14A13A972172F260FB8C5F">A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="620D0505DFD6C589D2DFF1D60045DA73" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="272DE31E8A847FBBC521B68F613E5ACB">Geraads, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="041E38E7E94054E9973BD7949B15487B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29B4385865E1A0D6B8AD35DEEC4CC8E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="64C03F83156E317D1368CA6902614352">Spassov, Nikolaï</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5EC1F726075E6D4D420019FDD3717333">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6564170C6579F85B3999DD735C5BD752">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="38D95E54675FE7865B42CE9E89DF05B5">
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<mods:date id="67C3A6AB3CE82DE93E47AD0CA580ADA5">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5E25A27A19B7557CEE5193775DE47D1D">2020-04-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CA112CF9D04D20479CE8AC16D40CA19C">42</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="92846906EB1F436823BCCED840F7F450" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B087A7F76AFFEE5B19989DFBF007D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3800386" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3800386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087A7F76AFFEE5B19989DFBF007D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A7F76AFFEE5B19989DFBF007D6" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
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<subSubSection id="C303653AF76AFFEE5B19989DFDB803AA" box="[280,627,1716,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA636B1F76AFFEE5B19989DFDB803AA" blockId="3.[280,627,1716,1743]" box="[280,627,1716,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="D0EE81DDF76AFFEE5B19989DFDB803AA" box="[280,627,1716,1743]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE5B64989DFDB803AA" authority="Kaup, 1833" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[357,627,1716,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5B64989DFE2703AA" box="[357,492,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE5BF2989CFDB803AA" author="KAUP J. J." box="[499,627,1716,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" refId="ref9667" refString="KAUP J. J. 1833. - Description d'ossements fossiles de mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a present qui se trouvent au Museum grand-ducal de Darmstadt. Second cahier. Heyer, Darmstadt, 135 p." type="book" year="1833">Kaup, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C303653AF76AFFEE5A859929FBF007D6" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA636B1F76AFFEE5A859929FBF007D6" blockId="3.[132,775,1792,2029]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1456,217,690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE74F76AFFEE5A859929FECD0272" box="[132,262,1792,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">TYPE SPECIES</collectionCode>
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. —
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5B379928FE0D027D" box="[310,454,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Felis aphanista</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE5BCC9928FD8E027D" author="KAUP J." box="[461,581,1793,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" pagination="150 - 158" refId="ref9633" refString="KAUP J. 1832. - Vier neue Arten urweltlicher Raubthiere, welche im zoologischen Museum zu Darmstadt aufbewahrt werden. Archiv fur Mineralogie, Bergbau und Huttenkunde 5: 150 - 158." type="journal article" year="1832">Kaup, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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is usually regarded as the type species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE5B669932FDA70250" authority="Kaup, 1833" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[359,620,1819,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5B669932FE2C0257" box="[359,487,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE5BEE9935FDA70250" author="KAUP J. J." box="[495,620,1820,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" refId="ref9667" refString="KAUP J. J. 1833. - Description d'ossements fossiles de mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a present qui se trouvent au Museum grand-ducal de Darmstadt. Second cahier. Heyer, Darmstadt, 135 p." type="book" year="1833">Kaup, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but this is incorrect. Kaup based his description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE5809991FFD4D022A" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[520,646,1846,1870]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5809991FFD4D022A" box="[520,646,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on an upper canine from Eppelsheim in Darmstadt, but his title “
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE58A09979FF2302E7" authority=", Kaup" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE58A09979FF6F02E7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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, Kaup
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</taxonomicName>
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” is followed by the sub-title “Ours [French for ‘bear’], Cuv; Cultridens, Jobert et Croiset [sic]”, and in his description (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE5A8D9989FEED02DC" author="KAUP J. J." box="[140,294,1952,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" refId="ref9667" refString="KAUP J. J. 1833. - Description d'ossements fossiles de mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a present qui se trouvent au Museum grand-ducal de Darmstadt. Second cahier. Heyer, Darmstadt, 135 p." type="book" year="1833">Kaup 1833: 25</bibRefCitation>
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) he stated “je pense qu’il serait convenable […] d’employer le nom de
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5B679993FE0F02B6" box="[358,452,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">cultridens</emphasis>
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pour le genre auquel appartiennent les canines trouvées dans la
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<collectingRegion id="49DDF853F76AFFEE5BCC99FCFDD50288" box="[461,542,2005,2028]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Toscane</collectingRegion>
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et dans le grand-duché de Hesse-Darmstadt.” According to Art. 12.2.5 of the
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE74F76AFFEE5F699EF0FA600595" box="[1384,1451,217,241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">ICZN</collectionCode>
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, these indications could be regarded as a designation of
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5F799EDDFC400442" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Ursus cultridens</emphasis>
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Cuvier, 1824 as the type species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE5EF79F27FABF0442" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[1270,1396,270,294]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5EF79F27FABF0442" box="[1270,1396,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, even if the Eppelsheim canine turns out to be of the same species as the
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<typeStatus id="54A28813F76AFFEE59549F6BFC65043E" box="[853,942,322,346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE59D29F6BFBAE043E" box="[979,1125,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Felis aphanista</emphasis>
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, and no matter what Kaup and other authors wrote afterwards (
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5E6D9F77FB630411" box="[1132,1192,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">contra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE5EAC9F74FA6B0411" author="MORLO M. & SEMENOV Y. A." box="[1197,1440,349,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" pagination="123 - 138" refId="ref10296" refString="MORLO M. & SEMENOV Y. A. 2004. - New dental remains of Machairodus Kaup 1833 (Felidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Turolian of Ukraine: significance for the evolution of the genus. Kaupia 13: 123 - 138." type="journal article" year="2004">Morlo & Semenov 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). This would make
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE59DF9F5EFB9704EB" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[990,1116,375,399]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE59DF9F5EFB9704EB" box="[990,1116,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a junior synonym of
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5F329F51FA6404EB" box="[1331,1455,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Megantereon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE592C9FBBFBEA04CE" author="CROIZET J. B. & JOBERT A. C. G." box="[813,1057,402,426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" refId="ref8974" refString="CROIZET J. B. & JOBERT A. C. G. 1828. - Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles du departement du Puy-de-Dome. Paris, 122 p." type="book" year="1828">Croizet & Jobert, 1828</bibRefCitation>
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, if the type species of the latter genus,
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE592C9F84FC1A04A0" box="[813,977,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Me. megantereon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B40F76AFFEE59D79F85FB0904A0" author="CROIZET J. B. & JOBERT A. C. G." box="[982,1218,428,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" refId="ref8974" refString="CROIZET J. B. & JOBERT A. C. G. 1828. - Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles du departement du Puy-de-Dome. Paris, 122 p." type="book" year="1828">Croizet & Jobert, 1828</bibRefCitation>
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, is indeed a synonym of
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE592C9FEEFC7204BB" box="[813,953,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Me. cultridens</emphasis>
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(Cuvier, 1824), as generally believed. Things are not so ‘simple’, however. As pointed out to us by L. Werdelin, the use of
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE59929FD5FC3A0770" box="[915,1009,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">cultridens</emphasis>
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by Kaup is not unambiguous, as several taxa were included by him under this name, which might invalidate the new genus name. Another problem is that Cuvier’s statement: “c’est ce qui me détermine à changer le nom d’
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5EF59C65FA8E0707" box="[1268,1349,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">etruscus,</emphasis>
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que j’avais donné à cet ours en celui de
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5E469C4CFB6E0719" box="[1095,1189,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">cultridens</emphasis>
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.” creates a nice example of objective synonym. For the sake of stability, we will use
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D32F76AFFEE5F5C9CA9FCAA07D6" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Machairodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAA3F76AFFEE5F5C9CA9FCAA07D6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Machairodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its usual meaning.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |