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<mods:title id="0210DED48BFB8623C8B24B5AF43544B8">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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Genus
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Gray, 1858
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC676CC6EB64620FB53" box="[151,274,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Callogorgia</emphasis>
Gray, 1858: 286
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC677856EB745BCFB53" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[478,654,1192,1217]" page="119" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC677856EB7456CFB53" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[478,606,1192,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="116 - 160" refId="ref26890" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1982) Some new and old species of the primnoid genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the related genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95 (1), 116 - 160." type="journal article" year="1982">Bayer, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 119
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123 (key to Indo-Pacific species).—
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<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC672506EB743C0FB53" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[1035,1266,1192,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="840 - 867" refId="ref27748" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (2002) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 2: The genus Callogorgia Gray, 1858. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115 (4), 840 - 867." type="journal article" year="2002">Cairns &amp; Bayer, 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 841
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845; 2009: 40.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC6775B6ED8468BFB72" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[256,441,1223,1248]" page="425" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC6775B6ED846BAFB72" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[256,392,1223,1248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="413 - 440" refId="ref27384" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2010) A review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts, Part 3: The genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. Pacific Science, 64 (3), 413 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 64.3.413" type="journal article" year="2010">Cairns, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 425
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(Hawaiian species); 2016b: 58 (
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFECFFC675516ED744A4FB72" box="[778,918,1223,1248]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species); 2018: 6 (key to Indo-Pacific species).—
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<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC6769C6EF946F8FB6D" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H." box="[199,458,1254,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref28169" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H. (2018) A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18 (66), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1182 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">Cairns &amp; Wirshing, 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 8
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, 18, fig. 4o.
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<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFECFFC676CC6F1A46B8FA8F" authority="Gray, 1870: 46" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,394,1284,1309]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Fanellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC676CC6F1A47DFFA8F" box="[151,237,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fanellia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC676A86F1A46B8FA8F" author="Gray, J. E." box="[243,394,1284,1309]" page="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC676A86F1A4654FA8F" author="Gray, J. E." box="[243,358,1285,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref28426" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Catalogue of the Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 51 pp." type="book" year="1870">Gray, 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 46
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</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC677F36F1B4564FA8F" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[424,598,1284,1309]" page="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC677F36F1B4514FA8F" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[424,550,1284,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="116 - 160" refId="ref26890" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1982) Some new and old species of the primnoid genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the related genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95 (1), 116 - 160." type="journal article" year="1982">Bayer, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 134
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135 (key to species).—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC675106F1B4351FA8F" author="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Stefani, J." box="[843,1123,1284,1309]" page="470" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC675106F1B4300FA8F" author="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Stefani, J." box="[843,1074,1284,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="449 - 518" refId="ref27032" refString="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Stefani, J. (1989) Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin de Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4, 10 (3), 449 - 518." type="journal article" year="1989">Bayer &amp; Stefani, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 470
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471 (key to genus and all species).—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC6774F6F3C4529FAAE" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[276,539,1315,1340]" page="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC6774F6F3C46CAFAAE" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[276,504,1315,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref28003" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns &amp; Bayer, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 40
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41.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFECFFC674046F3C4448FAAE" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H." box="[607,890,1315,1340]" page="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC674046F3C4451FAAE" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H." box="[607,867,1315,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref28169" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H. (2018) A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18 (66), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1182 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">Cairns &amp; Wirshing, 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 8
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, 18.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFECFFC676CC6F784412FAED" blockId="2.[151,800,1382,1407]" box="[151,800,1382,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC676CC6F784610FAED" bold="true" box="[151,290,1382,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFECFFC676CC6F7847FEFAED" box="[151,204,1383,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
Species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFECFFC677756F7845B8FAED" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[302,650,1382,1407]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC677756F784537FAEC" box="[302,517,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gorgonia verticillata</emphasis>
Pallas, 1766
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, by monotypy.
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<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFECFFC676CC6FB347CCF9C5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFECFFC676CC6FB347CCF9C5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC676CC6FB34638FA55" bold="true" box="[151,266,1452,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Colonies uniplanar, pinnately or dichotomously branched. Polyps arranged in pairs or whorls of up to 16, all polyps facing upward. Polyps covered by eight longitudinal rows of body wall scales, the number of scales per row decreasing from ab- to adaxial polyp side. Body wall scales granular, smooth, pitted, tuberculate, or covered with tall ridges (cristate) for all or part of polyp. Inner side of opercular scales convex, covered with a multiply serrate keel.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFECFFC6769C6C7F4326F951" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFECFFC6769C6C7F4326F951" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC6769C6C7F4677F9E9" bold="true" box="[199,325,1632,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Discussion</emphasis>
. With the recent synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFECFFC674C36C7E45C5F9E9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[664,759,1633,1659]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Fanellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC674C36C7E45C5F9E9" box="[664,759,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fanellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFECFFC6756F6C7E448EF9E9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[820,956,1633,1659]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC6756F6C7E448EF9E9" box="[820,956,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Callogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the genus now contains 38 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC6730A6C7E466EF90D" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref28169" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Wirshing, H. H. (2018) A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18 (66), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1182 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">Cairns &amp; Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
, Cairns 2018). A key to the 22 Indo-Pacific species was recently published by Cairns (2018). Discussions of the genus are included in
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFECFFC674616CB6440EF951" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[570,828,1705,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref28003" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns &amp; Bayer (2009)</bibRefCitation>
and Cairns (2018).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFECFFC6769C6CD3466BF975" bold="true" box="[199,345,1740,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution</emphasis>
. Indo-Pacific, Atlantic,
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.
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