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<document id="71330BA163DDF18D5D035C9F24B3B9F2" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFE4FFCE76CC68AA45C3F8E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calyptrophora carinata Cairns 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="175A901EF0A944FE533BE8FA6DEEFBF3">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC059D7D7C2BD1BE76017D353F9D35E8">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="99D2140DFFCDAD436B0A233BDAA4EA1A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5961CD600EDB90B94FB4829769D5AE82">2018-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5456984EB1346B6516B63AC0DEAD3845" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFE4FFCE76CC68AA45C3F8E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951505" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE4FFCE76CC68AA45C3F8E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFE4FFCE76CC68AA45C3F8E1" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE76CC68AA4537FD5D" box="[151,517,693,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE76CC68AA4537FD5D" blockId="10.[151,517,693,755]" box="[151,517,693,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0EE1205FFE4FFCE76CC68AA4537FD5D" bold="true" box="[151,517,693,720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE76CC68AA4537FD5D" bold="true" box="[151,517,693,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE4FFCE76CC68AA4686FD5D" ID-CoL="5WX9F" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,436,693,720]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE76CC68AA4686FD5D" bold="true" box="[151,436,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calyptrophora carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFE4FFCE779968AA4537FD5D" box="[450,517,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE76CC68C64678FD61" box="[151,330,728,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE76CC68C64678FD61" blockId="10.[151,517,693,755]" box="[151,330,728,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE76CC68C647CBFD61" box="[151,249,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE775D68C74620FD61" box="[262,274,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
A–H
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE76CC693E46CDFCCD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE76CC693E46CDFCCD" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE76CC693E462AFCA9" bold="true" box="[151,280,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE4FFCE7724693D46ECFCA9" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[383,478,802,827]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE7724693D46ECFCA9" box="[383,478,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latin for carinate or ridged), in allusion to the ridged nature of the body wall, opercular, and coenenchymal scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE769C697646CEFC59" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C69764266FC35" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE769C697646D3FC11" bold="true" box="[199,481,872,899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type and Type Locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE4FFCE77AB69764266FC35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759066" collectingDate="2017-09-22" collectingDateMax="2535" collectingDateMin="2017-09-22" collectionCode="SEM" elevation="3659" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="USNM 1467625" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE4FFCE77AB6976456FFC11" box="[496,605,873,899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: colony fragments and
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFE4FFCE7539697644AEFC11" box="[866,924,873,899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SEM</collectionCode>
stubs
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE4FFCE75BE69774353FC11" box="[997,1121,872,899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2532" valueMax="2535">
<date id="FFA783A9FFE4FFCE75BE69774353FC11" box="[997,1121,872,899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2532" valueMax="2535">2532-2535</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFE4FFCE723769764219FC11" box="[1132,1323,872,899]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">USNM 1467625</specimenCode>
. Type Locality:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE76BF69914634FC35" box="[228,262,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EX</emphasis>
<date id="FFA783A9FFE4FFCE775D6993464CFC35" box="[262,382,908,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1708-05-15">1708-15-5</date>
, 28.69˚N, 161.67˚W (Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts),
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE720D6993439FFC35" box="[1110,1197,908,935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.659" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3659.0">
<elevation id="0034425AFFE4FFCE720D6993439FFC35" box="[1110,1197,908,935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.659" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3659.0">3659 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE4FFCE72E269924263FC35" box="[1209,1361,909,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-22">
<date id="FFA783A9FFE4FFCE72E269924263FC35" box="[1209,1361,909,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-22">22 Sept 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C69AF46CEFC59" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" box="[199,508,944,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE769C69AF469DFC59" bold="true" box="[199,431,944,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE4FFCE77E669AE46CAFC59" box="[445,504,945,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE769C69CB4475F8B9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C69CB451CFB55" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE769C69CB4663FC7D" bold="true" box="[199,337,980,1007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE4FFCE77CD69CA46C9FC7D" box="[406,507,981,1007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, which now constitutes seven colony fragments, the largest of which is
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE736D69CA424FFC7D" box="[1334,1405,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in length, and a number of smaller branches, represents about one-third of the entire colony (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE72D869E643EEFB81" box="[1155,1244,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Based on the
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE73DD69E5478DFBA5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in situ</emphasis>
image, it is estimated that the intact
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE4FFCE74086E024587FBA5" box="[595,693,1053,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was about
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE756A6E024447FBA5" box="[817,885,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="31.0">31 cm</quantity>
wide. Branching is roughly uniplanar and dichotomous, although several branching nodes produce three to five branches at the same level (polychotomous), resulting in a slightly bushy aspect; distal branches are up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE74A36E7A4409FBED" box="[760,827,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
long. The polyps are widely spaced (three whorls/cm), directed downward, and consist of pairs or whorls of three. Individual polyps are
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE72706E964380FB31" box="[1067,1202,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.6 mm</quantity>
in horizontal length; the whorl diameter is about
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE778A6EB24518FB55" box="[465,554,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C6ECE44B5FA0D" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The basal scale is 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE77976ECF4503FB79" box="[460,561,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
in height (including distal teeth) and bears two broad, flat teeth on its distal margin
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE76B66EEA461FFA9D" box="[237,301,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D–E), the teeth being up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE74386EEB45F5FA9D" box="[611,711,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
in length and ridged on their inner surface. The basal scale bears multiple prominent dorsolateral ridges (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE740E6F064593FAA1" box="[597,673,1304,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
C–D) as well as a basolateral ridge, the former continuing along the outer face of the basal teeth. The buccal scale is slightly shorter (
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in length) but is also strongly ridged, the ridges radiating from a dorsolateral mound on either side of the sagittal plane (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE72626F7E438FFAE9" box="[1081,1213,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 5A, F</figureCitation>
). The distal edge of the buccal scale is slightly serrate. No infrabasal scales are present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C6FB6423FF9BD" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The operculum is long (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE778F6FB6451EFA51" box="[468,556,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), all the opercular scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE750B6FB6449AFA51" box="[848,936,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
) being quite elongate with a high L:W ratio. The abaxial operculars are
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE779C6FD3457DFA75" box="[455,591,1484,1511]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
in length, with an L:W of about 3.1, and have multiple ridges on both their inner and outer surfaces, and a coarsely serrate margin. The lateral operculars are
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in length with an L: W of 2.3–2.4. The adaxial operculars are 1.0–
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in length and are quite slender (L:W = 3.2–4.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C6C26420FF9EA" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The coenenchymal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE4FFCE77A36C264562F9C1" box="[504,592,1592,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1808,1833]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[174,1414,148,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Calyptrophora carinata, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, adaxial, and lateral sides of a polyp. D, lateral and inner view of a basal scale, showing outer ridges and inner articular ridge. E, articular ridge of basal scale. F, outer, lateral and inner views of buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
) are elongate (up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE75666C2644A6F9C1" box="[829,916,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
in length) and slender (L:W = 3.3–7.8). They bear coarse granules as well as a prominent (up to
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in height) longitudinal ridge (i.e., a sail scale).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C6C9F4475F8B9" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE769C6C9F4654F909" bold="true" box="[199,358,1664,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comparisons</emphasis>
. Having downward directed polyps (
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE4FFCE754C6C9E445CF909" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" box="[791,878,1665,1691]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE754C6C9E445CF909" box="[791,878,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">wyvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex) and multiple branching nodes (polychotomous),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE4FFCE773C6CBA4547F92D" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[359,629,1701,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE773C6CBA4547F92D" box="[359,629,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calyptrophora carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
keys closest to
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE4FFCE756B6CBA4389F92D" authority="Wright &amp; Studer, 1889" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[816,1211,1701,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE756B6CBA4498F92D" box="[816,938,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. wyvillei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE4FFCE75E86CBA4389F92D" author="Wright, E. P. &amp; Studer, T." box="[947,1211,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref29295" refString="Wright, E. P. &amp; Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">
Wright &amp; Studer,
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE72D86CBA4389F92D" box="[1155,1211,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79806" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1889.0">1889</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the key, a widespread species known from
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE4FFCE77976CD64553F971" box="[460,609,1737,1763]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
to the Hawaiian Islands at
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE4FFCE75D66CD6432BF971" box="[909,1049,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.031" metricValueMax="1.278" metricValueMin="0.784" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1031.0" valueMax="1278.0" valueMin="784.0">784–1278 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE4FFCE727D6CD64386F971" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1062,1204,1737,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref27497" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2012) New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs, 126, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Cairns 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE4FFCE73636CD64781F895" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE73636CD64781F895" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. wyvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in many ways including having three to five polyps per whorl; non-ridged basal, buccal, and opercular scales; a lyrate branching mode; and a shallower distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE769C6D2A4329F8DD" box="[199,1051,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C6D2A4329F8DD" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" box="[199,1051,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE769C6D2A4606F8DD" bold="true" box="[199,308,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
. A white anemone was attached to the colony nears its main stem.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE4FFCE769C6D4745C3F8E1" box="[199,753,1880,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE4FFCE769C6D4745C3F8E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,801,1907]" box="[199,753,1880,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE4FFCE769C6D47466BF8E1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1880,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE4FFCE743B6D4645A2F8E1" box="[608,656,1881,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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