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<mods:title id="67E2FBD672F2EA3EE6E5BC9623729FCC">A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A8D903D225026AFC95FA0F51BC305D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4728662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181761658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4728662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8D903D225026AFC95FA0F51BC305D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8D903D225026AFC95FA0F51BC305D" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="2825" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">
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DESCRIPTIONOF
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D225026BFB9CFA0F54773506" authority="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer, 2020" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" box="[1077,1397,1531,1560]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFB9CFA0F54773506" bold="true" box="[1077,1397,1531,1560]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246097CD225026BFC95F9D452CB3523" box="[828,969,1568,1597]" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824" rank="genus">GEN. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFC95F9BE52FD357C" box="[828,1023,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
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(Lac.ti.plan.ti.ba.cil'lus. L. neut. n.
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<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFA2AF9BE54B8357C" box="[1411,1466,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">lactis</emphasis>
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milk; L. fem. n.
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFC75F99D551C359F" box="[988,1054,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">planta</emphasis>
plant, referring to the
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-group lactobacilli; L. masc. n.
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFBE9F97355933581" box="[1088,1169,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">bacillus</emphasis>
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
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<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFAD5F97C52C535A0" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
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a milk derived rodlet from the
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(
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFA80F95254B035A0" box="[1321,1458,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">Lactobacillus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFC95F93152A935C3" box="[828,939,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">plantarum</emphasis>
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group.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C011396D225026BFC95F90755553415" box="[828,1111,1779,1803]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFC95F90755023415" box="[828,1024,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are Gram-positive, non-sporeforming, homofermentative and non-motile rods.
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D225026BFAE6F8E552EA3456" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFAE6F8E5529B3456" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
fermenta wide range of carbohydrates; most species metabolise phenolic acids by esterase, decarboxylase andreductase activities.
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D225026BFB93F8995468349B" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1082,1386,1901,1925]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="plantarum">
<emphasis id="B975B407D225026BFB93F8995468349B" box="[1082,1386,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="2824">Lactiplantibacillusplantarum</emphasis>
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is atypical for its pseudocatalaseactivityand reduction of nitrate. For discrimination between the two subspecies of
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFDCEFF4353FA33D1" box="[615,760,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFDCEFF4353F633D1" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[615,756,183,207]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="plantarum">L. plantarum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
sequencing of the
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFE93FF22506833F3" box="[314,362,214,237]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">recA</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFE37FF2150DE33F3" box="[414,476,213,237]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">cpn60</emphasis>
genes or AFLP profiling is necessary [
<bibRefCitation id="EF9015E4D224026AFF42FF0050143212" author="Torriani S &amp; Felis GE &amp; Dellaglio F." box="[235,278,244,268]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" pagination="3450 - 3454" refId="ref69645" refString="228. Torriani S, Felis GE, Dellaglio F. Differentiation of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. pentosus, and L. paraplantarum by recA gene sequence analysis and multiplex PCR assay with recA genederived primers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67: 3450 - 3454." type="journal article" year="2001">228</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9015E4D224026AFEB6FF0050493212" author="Bringel F &amp; Castioni A &amp; Olukoya DK &amp; Felis GE &amp; Torriani S." box="[287,331,244,268]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" pagination="1629 - 1634" refId="ref69694" refString="229. Bringel F, Castioni A, Olukoya DK, Felis GE, Torriani S. Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis subsp. nov., isolated from vegetable matrices. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55: 1629 - 1634." type="journal article" year="2005">229</bibRefCitation>
]. The mol % G+C content of DNA ranges between 42.9 and 48.7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE6815D224026AFFD0FEB450BA3172" blockId="43.[120,762,320,620]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFFD0FEB4508D3246" box="[121,399,320,344]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFFD0FEB450393246" box="[121,315,320,344]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are isolated from many different fermented foods including fermented vegetables, meats, dairy products, and fermented cereals [
<bibRefCitation id="EF9015E4D224026AFE4CFE8A53013288" author="Ganzle MG" box="[485,515,382,406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" pagination="855 - 900" refId="ref61785" refString="58. Ganzle MG. Fermented Foods. In: Doyle MP, Diez Gonzalez F, Hill C (editors). Food Microbiol. Fundam. Front, 5 th ed. ASM Press; 2019. pp. 855 - 900." type="book chapter" year="2019">58</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9015E4D224026AFDA6FE8A532F3288" author="Hutkins RW" box="[527,557,382,406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" refId="ref61830" refString="59. Hutkins RW. Microbiology and technology of fermented foods, 2 nd. Chigaco, IL: IFT Press; 2019." type="book" year="2019">59</bibRefCitation>
], but they are also found in insect-associated habitats or as temporary residents of vertebrate intestinal microbiota and are characterized by a nomadic behaviour [
<bibRefCitation id="EF9015E4D224026AFEDAFE2E50A032EC" author="Martino ME &amp; Bayjanov JR &amp; Caffrey BE &amp; Wels M &amp; Joncour P" box="[371,418,474,498]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" pagination="4974 - 4989" refId="ref69739" refString="230. Martino ME, Bayjanov JR, Caffrey BE, Wels M, Joncour P et al. Nomadic lifestyle of Lactobacillus plantarum revealed by comparative genomics of 54 strains isolated from different habitats. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18: 4974 - 4989." type="journal article" year="2016">230</bibRefCitation>
].
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFE1DFE2F534032EC" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[436,578,474,498]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="plantarum">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFE1DFE2F534032EC" box="[436,578,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">L. plantarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely usedas amodel speciesfor metabolic, ecological, and genetic studies in lactobacilli.
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFECFFDEC50F23131" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[358,496,535,559]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="plantarum">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFECFFDEC50F23131" box="[358,496,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">L. plantarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of commercial importance as starter culture for multiple food fermentations, and is applied as probiotic culture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B3B9ED224026AFFD0FD7651BC305D" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBE6815D224026AFFD0FD7651A931C9" blockId="43.[121,760,642,727]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">
Aphylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA genes of all species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFEFCFD55531731A7" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" box="[341,533,673,697]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFEFCFD55531731A7" box="[341,533,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provided in
<figureCitation id="133A7490D224026AFD1AFD5551A531C9" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[185,216,1617,1636]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,181,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[264,1323,181,1565]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Gene family presence/absence patterns in Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Each column represents a gene family presence/absence pattern in species of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostoaceae, where presence is indicated with a dot. The absolute number of gene families that conform to each pattern is visualized in the marginal bar plot at the top. Separations between phylogroups are indicated with horizontal black lines. We defined genes that were present in all genomes of a clade and in none of the genomes outside of that clade as signature genes (dark blue); other genes are shown in light blue. Only presence/absence patterns followed by four or more gene families are shown. Patterns of presence in a single species or all species are not shown. Unassigned species are clusters of closely related genomes which could not be assigned to a known species due to low whole-genome similarity to a type strain and/or low 16S rRNA similarity to a type strain." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4730552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4730552/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">Figure S6K</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE6815D224026AFFD0FD1951BC305D" blockId="43.[121,760,749,835]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">
The type species is
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFEEAFD19537A301B" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[323,632,749,773]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="plantarum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFEEAFD19537A301B" box="[323,632,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246097CD224026AFDD7FD1953F6301B" box="[638,756,749,773]" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFFD0FCF8503B303A" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" box="[121,313,780,804]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFFD0FCF8503B303A" box="[121,313,780,804]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">Lactiplantibacillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously referred to as
<taxonomicName id="4C011396D224026AFDC6FCF953FA303A" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zheng &amp; Wittouck &amp; Salvetti &amp; Franz &amp; Harris &amp; Mattarelli &amp; OToole &amp; Pot &amp; Vandamme &amp; Walter &amp; Watanabe &amp; Wuyts &amp; Felis &amp; Gänzle &amp; Lebeer" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[623,760,780,804]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactiplantibacillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="plantarum">
<emphasis id="B975B407D224026AFDC6FCF953FA303A" box="[623,760,780,804]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="2825">L. plantarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>