290 lines
40 KiB
XML
290 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1469FDBB8C064C049FAA565E9F4478E5">A Revision Of The Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosops, Part 1. Species Of The Subgenus Sciophanes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="52FB3C34CB70838F8711D3BAB4226155">Díaz-Nieto, Juan F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="264DE029409609B3EA0A2F2F25FD3A57">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A68972981AFFDD06A17349D02DFEF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630903" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180670565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A68972981AFFDD06A17349D02DFEF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A68972981AFFDD06A17349D02DFEF2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C3156BEF981AFFDF06A17349D021FDEA" box="[222,594,597,621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDF06A17349D021FDEA" blockId="13.[222,594,597,621]" box="[222,594,597,621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0F88F08981AFFDF06A17349D021FDEA" box="[222,594,597,621]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF0754734AD021FDEA" ID-CoL="5LHH" authority="Matschie, 1916" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[299,594,597,621]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF0754734AD3D4FDEA" box="[299,423,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Marmosops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595981AFFDF07D17349D021FDEA" author="Matschie, P." box="[430,594,597,621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref37917" refString="Matschie, P. 1916. Bemerkungen uber die Gattung Didelphis L. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin 1916: 259 - 272." type="journal article" year="1916">Matschie, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156BEF981AFFDF06CF739BD00EFCA4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDF06CF739BD3ABFD47" blockId="13.[144,673,647,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<collectionCode id="ED1EA0A1981AFFDF06CF739BD33EFD18" box="[176,333,647,671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="54B486C6981AFFDF06CF739BD29BFD19" box="[176,232,647,670]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES
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</collectionCode>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF071C7394D2BEFD47" authority="(Lund, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF071C7394D035FD18" box="[355,582,648,671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Marmosops incanus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595981AFFDF0422739BD2B5FD47" author="Lund, P. W." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="219 - 272" refId="ref37742" refString="Lund, P. W. 1840. [Preprint of] Blik paa Brasiliens Dyreverden for sidste Jordomvaeltning. Tredie Afflandling: Fortsaettelse af Pattedyrene. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Naturvidenskabelige og Matematiske Afflandlinger 8: 219 - 272 + pls. xiv-xxiv. [Preprint 56 pp., repaginated; not seen. Journal issue paginated as above published 1841]" type="book chapter" year="1840">Lund, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDF06CF73D5D00EFCA4" blockId="13.[144,673,647,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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CONTENTS: At least 19 species (as recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595981AFFDF06EF73F7D31EFC85" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[144,365,746,770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref39914" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 322: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">Voss and Jansa, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595981AFFDF070773F7D052FC85" author="Voss, R. S. & B. K. Lim & J. F. Diaz-Nieto & S. A. Jansa" box="[376,545,746,770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref40118" refString="Voss, R. S., B. K. Lim, J. F. Diaz-Nieto, and S. A. Jansa. 2013. A new species of Marmosops (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) from the Pakaraima Highlands of Guyana, with remarks on the origin of the endemic Pantepui mammal fauna. American Museum Novitates 3778: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2013">Voss et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595981AFFDF045373F6D37EFCA4" author="Diaz-Nieto, J. F. & S. A. Jansa & R. S. Voss" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="914 - 940" refId="ref36051" refString="Diaz-Nieto, J. F., S. A. Jansa, and R. S. Voss. 2016 a. DNA sequencing reveals unexpected Recent diversity and an ancient dichotomy in the American marsupial genus Marmosops (Didelphidae: Thylamyini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 914 - 940." type="journal article" year="2016">Díaz-Nieto et al., 2016a</bibRefCitation>
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; and this report) in two subgenera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3156BEF981AFFDC06CF7230D195FC01" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDF06CF7230D074F966" blockId="13.[144,673,647,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<superScript id="7C7A952C981AFFDF072F7236D32AFCBC" attach="left" box="[336,345,810,827]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</superScript>
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Combined length of adult head and body ca.
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<quantity id="4CF79581981AFFDF071E7251D394FCE2" box="[353,487,845,869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="142.5" valueMax="195.0" valueMin="90.0">90–195 mm</quantity>
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; adult weight ca.
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<quantity id="4CF79581981AFFDF06EF7273D373FC00" box="[144,256,879,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="g" value="80.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="20.0">20–140 g</quantity>
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. Rhinarium with two ventrolateral grooves on each side of median sulcus; dark circumocular mask present; pale supraocular spot absent; dark midrostral stripe absent; throat gland consistently present in adult males of some species (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF07507509D3C3FBAC" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[303,432,1044,1068]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF07507509D3C3FBAC" box="[303,432,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. incanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF07BB7509D017FBAC" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[452,612,1044,1068]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF07BB7509D017FBAC" box="[452,612,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. noctivagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) but apparently absent in others (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF047B752AD000FBCA" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[516,627,1078,1101]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucae">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF047B752AD000FBCA" box="[516,627,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. caucae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF04FD752AD289FBE9" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF04FD752AD289FBE9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. parvidens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Dorsal pelage unpatterned, usually some shade of dull grayish brown, but distinctly redder or grayer in some species; dorsal hair bases always dark gray; dorsal guard hairs short and inconspicuous; ventral fur self-colored (whitish, buffy, or brown) or entirely or partially gray based. Manus mesaxonic (dIII> dIV); manual claws small, shorter than fleshy apical pads of digits; dermatoglyph-bearing manual plantar pads present; central palmar epithelium smooth or sparsely tuberculate; lateral carpal tubercles externally conspicuous on wrists of large adult males of most species; medial carpal tubercles absent in both sexes. Pedal digits unwebbed; dIV longer than other pedal digits; plantar surface of heel macroscopically naked (a microscopic pelage of very short hairs, not coarse fur, is usually 2 After
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595981AFFDF06AD7782D394F936" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[210,487,1694,1713]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref39914" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 322: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">Voss and Jansa (2009: 134–137)</bibRefCitation>
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, but including minor corrections and supplementary observations of character variation discovered in the course of this study.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDF04AE71E6D6F0FCA4" blockId="13.[720,1250,250,1762]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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present). Pouch absent; mammae varying among examined species from 3–1–3 = 7 to 7–1–7 = 15 (anteriormost pairs “pectoral” when mammae ≥ 11; e.g., in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF05397042D1B5FEF2" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[838,966,349,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF05397042D1B5FEF2" box="[838,966,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. ocellatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); cloaca present. Tail longer than combined length of head and body, slender and muscular (not incrassate), and macroscopically naked (without a conspicuously furred base); naked caudal integument uniformly dark (usually grayish), bicolored (dark above, pale below), or particolored (dark proximally, paler distally); caudal scales in spiral series, each scale with three bristlelike hairs emerging from caudal margin; median hair of each caudal-scale triplet usually much thicker and darker than lateral hairs; ventral caudal surface modified for prehension distally (with naked median groove and apical pad bearing dermatoglyphs).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDF048F7230D6E5F918" blockId="13.[720,1250,250,1762]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Premaxillary rostral process long and well developed in some species (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF02547252D6C6FCE2" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1067,1205,845,869]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF02547252D6C6FCE2" box="[1067,1205,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. parvidens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF02BD7252D15FFC01" baseAuthorityName="Pine" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinheiroi">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF02BD7252D15FFC01" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. pinheiroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) but short in others (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF023A7273D6A4FC01" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1093,1239,879,902]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF023A7273D6A4FC01" box="[1093,1239,879,902]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. noctivagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and apparently absent in some (
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF022E728CD6A3FC20" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1105,1232,912,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF022E728CD6A3FC20" box="[1105,1232,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. incanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Nasals long, extending anteriorly beyond I1 (concealing nasal orifice in dorsal view), and conspicuously widened posteriorly near maxillary-frontal suture except in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF05047508D1BCFBAC" baseAuthorityName="Allen and Chapman" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[891,975,1044,1067]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carri">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF05047508D1BCFBAC" box="[891,975,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. carri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF05A57508D623FBAC" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[986,1104,1043,1067]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscatus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF05A57508D623FBAC" box="[986,1104,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. fuscatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF02F67508D085FBCB" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF02F67508D085FBCB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. incanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which have narrow, more or less parallelsided nasals). Maxillary turbinals (viewed through nasal orifice) elaborately branched. Lacrimal foramina usually two on each side, concealed from lateral view inside orbit (e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF025375A5D6C4FB56" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1068,1207,1209,1233]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF025375A5D6C4FB56" box="[1068,1207,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. parvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or exposed on orbital margin (e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF023075C6D6A2FB75" baseAuthorityName="Pine" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1103,1233,1242,1266]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinheiroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF023075C6D6A2FB75" box="[1103,1233,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. pinheiroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Interorbital region without abrupt constrictions; supraorbital margins rounded in some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF05777422D1E3FAD2" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[776,912,1341,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF05777422D1E3FAD2" box="[776,912,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. parvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), beaded in others (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF02EF7422D16AFAF1" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF02EF7422D16AFAF1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. noctivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); postorbital processes usually absent. Left and right frontals and parietals separated by persistent median sutures. Parietal and alisphenoid in contact on lateral braincase (no frontal-squamosal contact). Sagittal crest absent. Petrosal consistently exposed laterally through fenestra in parietal-squamosal suture in most species (but fenestra polymorphically absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF0592775AD601F9DA" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1005,1138,1606,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF0592775AD601F9DA" box="[1005,1138,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. incanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDF02BE775AD130F9F9" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDF02BE775AD130F9F9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. noctivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Parietal-mastoid contact present (interparietal does not contact squamosal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864981AFFDC048F77B5D021FC6E" blockId="13.[720,1250,250,1762]" lastBlockId="14.[144,672,250,1762]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Maxillopalatine fenestrae present; palatine fenestrae present in some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7981AFFDC02BE77D6D288FE95" authorityName="Voss, Tarifa & Yensen" authorityYear="2004" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476981AFFDC02BE77D6D288FE95" italics="true" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. creightoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but absent in others (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC045171E6D2DDFEB5" baseAuthorityName="Pine" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinheiroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC045171E6D2DDFEB5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. pinheiroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); maxillary fenestrae absent; posterolateral palatal foramina small, not extending anteriorly lingual to M4 protocones; posterior palate with prominent lateral corners (the choanae constricted behind). Maxillary and alisphenoid not in contact on floor of orbit (separated by palatine). Transverse canal foramen present. Alisphenoid tympanic process small, often bluntly conical or laterally compressed (never smoothly globular), always with a well-developed anteromedial process enclosing the extracranial course of mandibular nerve (secondary foramen ovale present), and not contacting rostral tympanic process of petrosal. Anterior limb of ectotympanic directly suspended from basicranium. Stapes triangular, with large obturator foramen. Fenestra cochleae exposed, not concealed by rostral and caudal tympanic processes of petrosal. Paroccipital process small, rounded, and adnate to petrosal. Dorsal margin of foramen magnum bordered by supraoccipital and exoccipitals, incisura occipitalis present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB038649819FFDC06CF72EFD38BFBCB" blockId="14.[144,672,250,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Two mental foramina usually present on lateral surface of each hemimandible; angular process acute and strongly inflected.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB038649819FFDC06CF754AD606FE7E" blockId="14.[144,672,250,1762]" lastBlockId="14.[720,1249,250,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Unworn crowns of I2–I5 symmetrically rhomboidal (“premolariform”), with subequal anterior and posterior cutting edges, increasing in length (mesiodistal dimension) from I2 to I5. Upper canine (C1) alveolus in premaxillarymaxillary suture; C1 without accessory cusps in some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC07167401D388FAB3" authorityName="Voss, Tarifa & Yensen" authorityYear="2004" box="[361,507,1308,1332]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC07167401D388FAB3" box="[361,507,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. creightoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or with only posterior accessory cusp (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC078F7422D01EFAD2" baseAuthorityName="Goldman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[496,621,1342,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC078F7422D01EFAD2" box="[496,621,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or with both anterior and posterior accessory cusps (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC06B0749CD312FA10" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[207,353,1407,1431]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC06B0749CD312FA10" box="[207,353,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. parvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). First upper premolar (P1) smaller than posterior premolars but well formed and not vestigial; second and third upper premolars (P2 and P3) subequal in height; P3 with posterior cutting edge only; upper milk premolar (dP3) large and molariform. Molars strongly carnassialized (postmetacristae much longer than postprotocristae); relative widths usually M1 <M2 <M3 <M4; centrocrista strongly inflected labially on M1–M3; ectoflexus shallow or indistinct on M1, shallow but usually distinct on M2, and consistently deep on M3; anterolabial cingulum and preprotocrista discontinuous (anterior cingulum incomplete) on M
|
||
<quantity id="4CF795819819FFDC026A7020D631FED3" box="[1045,1090,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC05717042D1D4FEF2" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[782,935,350,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC05717042D1D4FEF2" box="[782,935,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. noctivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but anterolabial cingulum narrowly continuous with preprotocrista (anterior cingulum complete) in others (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC02BE70BCD148FE5F" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC02BE70BCD148FE5F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. parvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); postprotocrista without carnassial notch. Last upper tooth to erupt is P3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB038649819FFDC048F731FD195FC01" blockId="14.[720,1249,250,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Lower incisors (i1–i4) with distinct lingual cusps. Lower canine (c1) distinctively tall, recurved, and unicuspid in some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC04AF737AD119FDFA" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[720,874,614,637]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC04AF737AD119FDFA" box="[720,874,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. noctivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but smaller and premolariform in others (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC0508739BD18DFD19" baseAuthorityName="Pine" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[887,1022,646,670]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinheiroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC0508739BD18DFD19" box="[887,1022,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. pinheiroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Second lower premolar (p2) subequal in height to p
|
||
<quantity id="4CF795819819FFDC021373B4D6E8FD38" box="[1132,1179,679,704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC051373D5D198FD67" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[876,1003,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC051373D5D198FD67" box="[876,1003,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. incanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but distinctly taller than p
|
||
<quantity id="4CF795819819FFDC056273F6D13FFC85" box="[797,844,746,770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
most others; lower milk premolar (dp3) trigonid complete. Hypoconid labially salient on m3; hypoconulid twinned with entoconid on m1–m3; entoconid usually taller than hypoconulid on m1–m3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156BEF9819FFDD048F7293D02DFEF2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB038649819FFDD048F7293D02DFEF2" blockId="14.[720,1249,250,1762]" lastBlockId="15.[144,672,250,373]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
REMARKS: As discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC024D7293D1F9FC4F" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref39914" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 322: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">Voss and Jansa (2009: 137–138)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the monophyly of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC04AF72CED13DFC6E" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[720,846,978,1001]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC04AF72CED13DFC6E" box="[720,846,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strongly supported by phylogenetic analyses of nuclear exon sequences and by combined analyses of nuclear genes and morphological characters. In the latter analyses, several morphological traits optimized as generic synapomorphies, including (1) spirally arranged caudal scales, (2) the petiolate morphology of the central hair in each caudal-scale triplet, and (3) the presence of a distinct rostral process of the premaxillae. Generic monophyly is also supported by unique deletions at the DMP1 and BRCA1 loci (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC051D7421D63DFAD2" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[866,1102,1341,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref39914" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 322: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">Voss and Jansa, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 29, 31). The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC05D97443D651FAF1" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[934,1058,1375,1398]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC05D97443D651FAF1" box="[934,1058,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was additionally corroborated in recent phylogenetic analyses with much denser taxon sampling by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC021874BCD117FA5E" author="Diaz-Nieto, J. F. & S. A. Jansa & R. S. Voss" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="914 - 940" refId="ref36051" refString="Diaz-Nieto, J. F., S. A. Jansa, and R. S. Voss. 2016 a. DNA sequencing reveals unexpected Recent diversity and an ancient dichotomy in the American marsupial genus Marmosops (Didelphidae: Thylamyini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 914 - 940." type="journal article" year="2016">Díaz-Nieto et al. (2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC050A74DDD1CEFA5E" author="Diaz-Nieto, J. F. & S. A. Jansa & R. S. Voss" box="[885,957,1473,1497]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref36108" refString="Diaz-Nieto, J. F., S. A. Jansa, and R. S. Voss. 2016 b. Phylogenetic relationships of Chacodelphys (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) based on " ancient " DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy [doi. org / 10.1093 / jmammal / gyv 197]." type="book" year="2016">2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), who sequenced several genes not included in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC05AA74FFD693FA7D" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[981,1248,1506,1530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref39914" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 322: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">Voss and Jansa’s (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
study. As discussed elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC0250771FD12EF9BB" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref39858" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolecular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003: 56–57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), DNA-DNA hybridization results reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC052A7759D610F9DA" author="Kirsch, J. A. W. & R. E. Palma" box="[853,1123,1605,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="403 - 425" refId="ref37238" refString="Kirsch, J. A. W., and R. E. Palma. 1995. DNA / DNA hybridization studies of carnivorous marsupials. V. A further estimate of relationships among opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Mammalia 59: 403 - 425." type="journal article" year="1995">Kirsch and Palma (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959819FFDC02E67759D124F9F8" author="Kirsch, J. A. W. & F. - J. Lapointe & M. S. Springer" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="211 - 280" refId="ref37287" refString="Kirsch, J. A. W., F. - J. Lapointe, and M. S. Springer. 1997. DNA-hybridization studies of marsupials and their implications for metatherian classification. Australian Journal of Zoology 45: 211 - 280." type="journal article" year="1997">Kirsch et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC0278777AD6E3F9F9" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[1031,1168,1638,1662]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC0278777AD6E3F9F9" box="[1031,1168,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nested inside the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79819FFDC05F47794D674F918" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[907,1031,1672,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769819FFDC05F47794D674F918" box="[907,1031,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unambiguously attributable to misidentified voucher material. Diagnostic morphological comparisons among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79818FFDD06EF71E6D37CFE96" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[144,271,250,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769818FFDD06EF71E6D37CFE96" box="[144,271,250,273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other didelphid genera with which it was formerly confused (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79818FFDD04707007D0E9FEB4" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[527,666,283,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769818FFDD04707007D0E9FEB4" box="[527,666,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79818FFDD06EF7021D284FED3" box="[144,247,317,340]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769818FFDD06EF7021D284FED3" box="[144,247,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79818FFDD07467020D3EDFED3" baseAuthorityName="Voss and Jansa" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[313,414,316,340]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE4769818FFDD07467020D3EDFED3" box="[313,414,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thylamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were described, illustrated, and tabulated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959818FFDD07E47041D028FEF2" author="Voss, R. S. & T. Tarifa & E. Yensen" box="[411,603,349,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref40060" refString="Voss, R. S., T. Tarifa, and E. Yensen. 2004. An introduction to Marmosops (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), with the description of a new species from Bolivia and notes on the taxonomy and distribution of other Bolivian forms. American Museum Novitates 3466: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2004">Voss et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |