208 lines
21 KiB
XML
208 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A31B932A9F16DD1D89BDD069F3D6F088">Mormoopidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24E716F0407BD7A37E4B76A0AEEAB109">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D314BB3497FDBFA8385C2CEF1D4A4405">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="F0727B2B9DE16616B38040B42D9D14C1">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="022EB1D1FBB6CE15D8C09DB5839D389D">
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<mods:title id="B35BEE1210BC68BE0A4A9748C03102AE">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A63743915FFFE3E4DFC5BF28E3A80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6858116" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197821938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6858116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A63743915FFFE3E4DFC5BF28E3A80A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A63743915FFFE3E4DFC5BF28E3A80A" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E4DFC5BF2FB2ACB8" box="[173,227,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E4DFC5BF2FB2ACB8" blockId="8.[168,1300,3228,3353]" box="[173,227,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0F83139915FFFE3E4DFC5BF2FB2ACB8" box="[173,227,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<figureCitation id="13349AD0915FFFE3E4DFC5BF2FB2ACB8" box="[173,227,3228,3274]" captionStart="Plate 34: Mormoopidae" captionStartId="3.[148,178,3292,3317]" captionTargetBox="[14,2785,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Antllean Ghost-faced Bat (Mormoops blainuviller), 2. Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat (Mormoops megalophylla), 3. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus davyi), 4. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus fulvus), 5. Big Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus gymnonotus), 6. Macleay’s Mustached Bat (Pleronotus macleayii), 7. Sooty Mustached Bat (Pleronotus quadridens), 8. Wagner's Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus personatus), 9. Dobson’s Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus psilotis), 10. Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), 11. Hispaniolan Common Mustached Bat (Preronotus pusillus), 12. Puerto Rican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus portoricensis), 13. Mexican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mexicanus), 14. Mesoamerican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), 15. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat (Pleronotus fuscus), 16. Paraguana Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus paraguanensis), 17. Womurs Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus rubiginosus), 18. Amazonian Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus alitonus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419849/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">15.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E480C5BF2CCAACB8" box="[242,923,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E480C5BF2CCAACB8" blockId="8.[168,1300,3228,3353]" box="[242,923,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0F83139915FFFE3E480C5BF2CCAACB8" box="[242,923,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915FFFE3E480C5BF2CCAACB8" box="[242,923,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Allen’s Common Mustached Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E7ACC5BF2A42ACB8" box="[990,1299,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E7ACC5BF2A42ACB8" blockId="8.[168,1300,3228,3353]" box="[990,1299,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0F83139915FFFE3E7ACC5BF2A42ACB8" box="[990,1299,3228,3274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915FFFE3E7ACC5BF2A42ACB8" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1903" box="[990,1299,3228,3274]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscus">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E7ACC5BF2A42ACB8" box="[990,1299,3228,3274]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Pleronotus fuscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E4D8C5FF2DD8AD6B" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E4D8C5FF2BECAC83" blockId="8.[168,1300,3228,3353]" box="[170,1213,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0F83139915FFFE3E4D8C5FF2BECAC83" box="[170,1213,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E4D8C5FF2FA7AC83" bold="true" box="[170,246,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915FFFE3E48DC5FF2EB8AC83" box="[255,489,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Ptéronote des Caraibes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E58CC5FF2D08AC83" bold="true" box="[510,601,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915FFFE3E613C5FF2C2EAC83" box="[609,895,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Allen-Schnurrbartfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E7E1C5FF2CBFAC83" bold="true" box="[915,1006,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915FFFE3E78BC5FF2BECAC83" box="[1017,1213,3292,3313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Pteronotus de Allen</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E4D8C4272DD8AD6B" blockId="8.[168,1300,3228,3353]" box="[170,649,3332,3353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0F83139915FFFE3E4D8C4272DD8AD6B" box="[170,649,3332,3353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E4D8C4272EF0AD6B" bold="true" box="[170,417,3332,3353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915FFFE3E5DBC4272DD8AD6B" box="[425,649,3332,3353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Allen's Mustached Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E4DBC46D2CB3AD15" box="[169,994,3406,3431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E4DBC46D2CB3AD15" blockId="8.[168,1374,3404,3474]" box="[169,994,3406,3431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E4DBC46D2E14AD15" bold="true" box="[169,325,3406,3431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915FFFE3E52BC46D2C8CAD15" authority="J. A. Allen, 1911" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1911" box="[345,989,3406,3431]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Chilonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rubiginosa" subSpecies="fusca">Chilonycteris rubiginosa fusca J. A. Allen, 1911</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E786C46D2BC7ADFC" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E786C46D2BC7ADFC" blockId="8.[168,1374,3404,3474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<materialsCitation id="3B678C08915FFFE3E786C46D2BC7ADFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863927312" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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“Las Quiguas,
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[=
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<quantity id="4CF72BB0915FFFE3E4D8C4562FA0ADFC" box="[170,241,3445,3470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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] south of Puerto Cabello, altitude
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[=
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<quantity id="4CF72BB0915FFFE3E70DC4562C88ADFC" box="[895,985,3445,3470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" unit="m" value="198.0">198 m</quantity>
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],
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3E783C4562BD6ADFC" box="[1009,1159,3445,3470]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3EC7BC8382547A23F" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3EC7BC8382547A23F" blockId="8.[2056,2649,283,706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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Pteronotusfuscus was formerly classified as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915FFFE3ECBBC81C2605A112" box="[2249,2388,319,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">P. parnellii</taxonomicName>
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, but here it is considered a distinct species. Its distribution potentially includes coastal and inland sites of
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EC05C89A2651A1A4" box="[2167,2304,441,470]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and south-western
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EE6BC89A2730A18F" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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on the border with
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EDFEC8C72546A18F" box="[2444,2583,484,509]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, but phylogenetic status of these populations has not yet been assessed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3EC7ACB7926B7A2B0" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF70D6DD915FFFE3EC7ACB7926B7A2B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419839/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" targetBox="[1441,2033,287,703]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3EC7ACB7926B7A2B0" blockId="8.[2056,2649,283,706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3EC7ACB7927E8A201" bold="true" box="[2056,2233,602,627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3ECA2CB79260AA201" box="[2256,2395,602,627]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3ED07CB792559A201" box="[2421,2568,602,627]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, NW
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EC7BCBA12724A2E9" box="[2057,2165,642,667]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3ECA7CBA12629A2E9" box="[2261,2424,642,667]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EDE2CBA1255AA2E9" box="[2448,2571,642,667]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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, and Margarita Is in the Lesser Antilles.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D1CBEA29A1A43F" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D1CBEA29A1A43F" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D1CBEA29CEA298" bold="true" box="[1443,1695,713,746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.63-72 mm, tail 20-27 mm, ear 18-25 mm, hindfoot 13-16 mm, forearm 56-62 mm; weight 13-4-22-4 g. Pelage color is brown to reddish; ventral fur is paler. Skull has narrow and delicate rostrum; nasal bones are parallel and flat. Condylo-basal lengths are 19-21 mm. Maxillary bones are not inflated in their suture with nasals; greatest width across molars is generally less than 8-1 mm in individuals from
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3E212CAAD299BA3DD" box="[1632,1738,910,943]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3E366CAAD28F9A3DD" box="[1812,1960,910,943]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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. It is larger externally and cranially on
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3ED92CAAD2AAAA3A4" name="Trinidad Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Trinidad Island</collectingCountry>
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, and noticeable reduction in overall size is noted in individuals from Margarita Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3E279CAC629CFA38C" box="[1547,1694,997,1022]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
. Additional external and cranial features shared with other species in the subgenus Phyllodia are listed in descriptive notes for Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915FFFE3E222CD0F29B2A43F" box="[1616,1763,1068,1101]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">P. parnellii</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D6CD702887A560" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D6CD702887A560" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D6CD702942A406" bold="true" box="[1444,1555,1107,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tropical dry forests, lower montane forests, and croplands with dense vegetation. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat occurs throughout
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EC93CD582625A4EE" box="[2273,2420,1147,1180]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, except in most of the Llanos. It seems to be more tolerant of lower temperatures than smaller mormoopids, roosting in relatively colder caves at ¢.26°C. It is sensitive to temperatures lower than 8°C for long periods of time.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D6CC3A27CAA513" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D6CC3A27CAA513" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D6CC3A29FEA548" bold="true" box="[1444,1711,1305,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen’s Common Mustached Bat is insectivorous, but there is no specific information available on prey items in its diet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D6CC4427F2A58D" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D6CC4427F2A58D" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D6CC44297AA5FA" bold="true" box="[1444,1579,1383,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen’s Common Mustached Bat is seasonally monoestrous, with most females giving birth in beginning of rainy season (May-June). On
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3ED3BCCAC2574A5C2" box="[2377,2597,1423,1456]" name="Trinidad Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Trinidad Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, females with young have been found in May. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915FFFE3EC58CC9527ECA5A5" box="[2090,2237,1462,1495]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pregnant females have been reported in April and lactating females in July-August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D1CF262827A607" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D1CF262827A607" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D1CF2629C3A654" bold="true" box="[1443,1682,1541,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Echolocation calls consist in long CF-FM pulses, with most energy at a frequency of ¢.62 kHz in Venezuelan populations; frequency used by Trinidadian individuals is lower at ¢.58-9 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D6CF5F28A7A7F8" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D6CF5F28A7A7F8" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D6CF5F2727A6EF" bold="true" box="[1444,2166,1660,1693]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen’s Common Mustached Bat commonly roosts in large cave systems associated with other mormoopids and phyllostomids, butit is also found in smaller caves and other type of roosts. Fluctuations in colony sizes seem to be related to seasonal movements due to reproductive activity. Males and females roost together during mating season, but sexual segregation apparently occurs during gestation and lactation. Males select coolest areas of caves, and females select warmer roosts for nurseries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D7CEB32929A872" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D7CEB32929A872" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D7CEB32858A7C3" bold="true" box="[1445,1801,1936,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat is included under Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat, which is classified as Least Concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915FFFE3E1D4C12C28E3A80A" pageId="8" pageNumber="442" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915FFFE3E1D4C12C28E3A80A" blockId="8.[1443,2650,713,2168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915FFFE3E1D4C12C296EA85A" bold="true" box="[1446,1599,2063,2088]" pageId="8" pageNumber="442">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso et al. (1992), Clare et al. (2013), Eshelman & Morgan (1985), GBIF Secretariat (2017), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Gutiérrez & Molinari (2008), Handley (1976), Pavan & Marroig (2016), Pavan et al. (2018), Smith (1972), Vasquez-Parra et al. (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |