196 lines
20 KiB
XML
196 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8C62CE1D4362FF3EEF9C8E76523AF4E0">Mormoopidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA21348E7EC971346ADBFBE2451FD968">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFE46D891ACFB5F45C1B8F54BD28B151">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="91E3430E9FF1C9B8BE74D5421FDCF123">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="2B3A8F91354821A0714BCEDE8A5D5F80">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="87F6A907286952ED1719A200FD8BC9BC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC08B1F51C158382D9144BC2E3C4DBD3">
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<mods:title id="E7C60590B2FCA612D241AEAE9FCDEAD8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C5F39B03E616C555D14D3EB04E1A417">
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<mods:start id="9DD6FFE9ECDE997E403FEFBC92A21D66">424</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="6F2D013CFBB5FE0DA8FA8CE5D2FF1657" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A637439153FFEFE4DEC5572767A8B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606810" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197821906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6606810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A637439153FFEFE4DEC5572767A8B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A637439153FFEFE4DEC5572767A8B4" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DEC5572F9DACD0" box="[172,204,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DEC5572F9DACD0" blockId="4.[170,1201,3188,3278]" box="[172,204,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4DEC5572F9DACD0" box="[172,204,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<figureCitation id="13349AD09153FFEFE4DEC5572F9DACD0" box="[172,204,3188,3234]" captionStart="Plate 34: Mormoopidae" captionStartId="3.[148,178,3292,3317]" captionTargetBox="[14,2785,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Antllean Ghost-faced Bat (Mormoops blainuviller), 2. Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat (Mormoops megalophylla), 3. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus davyi), 4. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus fulvus), 5. Big Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus gymnonotus), 6. Macleay’s Mustached Bat (Pleronotus macleayii), 7. Sooty Mustached Bat (Pleronotus quadridens), 8. Wagner's Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus personatus), 9. Dobson’s Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus psilotis), 10. Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), 11. Hispaniolan Common Mustached Bat (Preronotus pusillus), 12. Puerto Rican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus portoricensis), 13. Mexican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mexicanus), 14. Mesoamerican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), 15. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat (Pleronotus fuscus), 16. Paraguana Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus paraguanensis), 17. Womurs Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus rubiginosus), 18. Amazonian Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus alitonus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419849/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4AEC5572C7CACD0" box="[220,813,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4AEC5572C7CACD0" blockId="4.[170,1201,3188,3278]" box="[220,813,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4AEC5572C7CACD0" box="[220,813,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE4AEC5572C7CACD0" box="[220,813,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Thomas's Naked-backed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE702C5572BF6ACD0" box="[880,1191,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE702C5572BF6ACD0" blockId="4.[170,1201,3188,3278]" box="[880,1191,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE702C5572BF6ACD0" box="[880,1191,3188,3234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE702C5572BF6ACD0" ID-CoL="874KS" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[880,1191,3188,3234]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE702C5572BF6ACD0" box="[880,1191,3188,3234]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Pteronotus fulvus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D9C5972BE1ACBB" box="[171,1200,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D9C5972BE1ACBB" blockId="4.[170,1201,3188,3278]" box="[171,1200,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4D9C5972BE1ACBB" box="[171,1200,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4D9C5972FA6ACBB" bold="true" box="[171,247,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE572C5972ECFACBB" box="[256,414,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Ptéronote fauve</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE5C1C5972D5FACBB" bold="true" box="[435,526,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE661C5972C04ACBB" box="[531,853,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Thomas-Nacktriickenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE719C5972C97ACBB" bold="true" box="[875,966,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE7A2C5972BE1ACBB" box="[976,1200,3252,3273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Pteronotus de Thomas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D8C5D42CE7AD6A" box="[170,950,3319,3352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D8C5D42CE7AD6A" blockId="4.[169,1377,3319,3481]" box="[170,950,3319,3352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4D8C5D42E17AD6A" bold="true" box="[170,326,3319,3352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE526C5D42CE0AD6A" ID-CoL="855NG" authority="Thomas" box="[340,945,3319,3352]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Chilonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">Chilonycteris davyifulvus [sic] Thomas, 1892</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE7B0C5D42E06AD32" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE7B0C5D42E06AD32" blockId="4.[169,1377,3319,3481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<materialsCitation id="3B678C089153FFEFE7B0C5D42E06AD32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863927318" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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“Las Penas, west coast ofJalisco,”
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE498C4002E02AD32" box="[234,339,3363,3392]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D9C4652DDAADFD" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D9C4652DDAADFD" blockId="4.[169,1377,3319,3481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE4D9C4652E7EAD15" box="[171,303,3398,3431]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
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fulvus was formerly classified as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE7BCC4652B62AD15" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[974,1075,3398,3431]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">P. davyi</taxonomicName>
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, but here it is considered a distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFEC7AC83527CDA1DC" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF70D6DD9153FFEFEC7AC83527CDA1DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419809/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" startId="4.[2056,2228,278,311]" targetBox="[1442,2033,290,705]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFEC7AC83527CDA1DC" blockId="4.[2056,2650,278,705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFEC7AC83527E5A145" bold="true" box="[2056,2228,278,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Distribution</emphasis>
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. From
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<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFED54C83526DBA145" box="[2342,2442,278,311]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Sonora</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFEDADC8352764A12D" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
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S along Pacific and Gulf coasts of N
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFEC78C8462723A1F4" box="[2058,2162,357,390]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, respectively, to
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFED25C84626A4A1F4" box="[2391,2549,357,390]" name="El Salvador" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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and W
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFEC78C8AE27C8A1DC" box="[2058,2201,397,430]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFEC7BC8962917A38C" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFEC7BC8962917A38C" blockId="4.[2056,2650,278,705]" lastBlockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFEC7BC896264AA1A4" bold="true" box="[2057,2331,437,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Descriptive notes</emphasis>
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. Head-body ¢.48-52 mm, tail 20-23 mm, ear 17-18 mm, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CF72BB09153FFEFECE1CB2427A5A256" box="[2195,2292,519,548]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 40-5-46-7 mm; weight ¢.7-8:
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<quantity id="4CF72BB09153FFEFECCCCB0927BEA239" box="[2238,2287,554,587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" unit="g" value="7.0">7 g</quantity>
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. Thomas’s Naked-backed Bat is the smallest species of naked-backed bat. Dorsal and head pelage colors range from dark brown to bright orange; ventral hairs have grayish white tips. Rostrum is broad but comparatively narrower than in other species of naked-backed bats. Braincase is oval and less robust than in Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE2C8CA342876A34A" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1722,1831,791,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">P. davyi</taxonomicName>
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). Condylo-basal lengths are 13-7-15 mm. Individuals from
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE1D7CA1C2963A312" box="[1445,1586,831,864]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE20BCA1C2846A312" box="[1657,1815,831,864]" name="El Salvador" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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are larger on average than in other areas of its distribution; a marked increase in overall size is also observed in the northernmost distributional limit in
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<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFE268CAB129D1A3DD" box="[1562,1664,914,943]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Sonora</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE2E6CAB129ACA3DD" box="[1684,1789,914,943]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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. Additional external and cranial features shared with other species in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE37FCA9628C3A3A4" box="[1805,1938,949,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
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are listed in descriptive notes for Davy’s Nakedbacked Bat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D7CD27264BA4B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D7CD27264BA4B1" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D7CD272941A457" bold="true" box="[1445,1552,1028,1061]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Tropical dry forest, usually lowland habitats, mostly below
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<quantity id="4CF72BB09153FFEFED1ACD272693A457" box="[2408,2498,1028,1061]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat is abundant throughoutits distribution. It has narrow thermal specificity for roosting and is usually reported from hot caves (higher than 30°C), with 27°C being the lowest recorded roost temperature. This physiological limitation probably restricts habitats occupied by Thomas’s Naked-backed Bat.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D7CDEA29B0A54B" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D7CDEA29B0A54B" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D7CDEA29F5A498" bold="true" box="[1445,1700,1225,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
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. Thomas’s Naked-backed Bat feeds mainly on dipterans, lepidopterans, and dermapterans, but diversity of insects included in diets might increase when prey abundance is low.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D7CC1C2786A58C" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D7CC1C2786A58C" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D7CC1C2976A512" bold="true" box="[1445,1575,1343,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Breeding</emphasis>
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. Thomas’s Naked-backed Bat is seasonally monoestrous, with most females giving birth in the beginning of the rainy season. Maternity colonies mostly contain females, but males might be present in small numbers. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFEC9DCCAD2609A5DD" box="[2287,2392,1422,1455]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, mating occurs in January—March. Pregnant females are reported in April-May, with embryos ofvariable sizes (3-20 mm), and lactating females in July-September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D1CF272500A699" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D1CF272500A699" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D1CF2729DEA657" bold="true" box="[1443,1679,1540,1573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Activity patterns</emphasis>
|
||
. Thomas’s Naked-backed Bat has a bimodal activity pattern, which seems to correspond to abundance peaks of crepuscular and nocturnal insects. It typically forages along riparian corridors, in open places 2-10 m aboveground, over water surfaces, and in forest trails. Echolocation calls during search phase consist of short CF-FM pulses of c.6 milliseconds. Second harmonic, which is the most intense, has two short CF components at 68-71 kHz and 58-60 kHz, joined by a FM downward sweep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D7CFD22745A872" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D7CFD22745A872" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D7CFD2270EA760" bold="true" box="[1445,2143,1777,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Movements, Home range and Social organization</emphasis>
|
||
. Thomas’s Naked-backed Bat roosts in hot and humid caves and usually forms large colonies. Fluctuations in colony sizes are commonly reported and are probably related to seasonal movements due to reproductive activity. It exhibits a limited tolerance to low temperatures, which probably excludes it from temperate areas in its northernmost distribution. It has been suggested that mountain peaks and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFECD4CE942641A7AA" box="[2214,2320,1975,2008]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) act as physical barriers to dispersal of Thomas’s Naked-backed Bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D4C1252517A83D" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D4C1252517A83D" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D4C1252851A855" bold="true" box="[1446,1792,2054,2087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat is included under Davy’s Naked-backed Bat, which is classified as Least Concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE1D5C17D2767A8B4" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE1D5C17D2767A8B4" blockId="4.[1440,2651,712,2246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE1D5C17D296DA805" bold="true" box="[1447,1596,2142,2167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Bibliography</emphasis>
|
||
. Arriaga-Flores et al. (2012), Avila & Medellin (2004), Birney et al. (1974), GBIF Secretariat (2017), Guevara-Chumacero et al. (2010), O'Farrell & Miller (1997), Pavan & Marroig (2016), Rydell et al. (2002), Salinas-Ramos et al. (2015), Smith (1972), Torres-Flores et al. (2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |