440 lines
85 KiB
XML
440 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="6798408A79A4234745DD89A784DBB61F" ID-CLB-Dataset="31251" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4362.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99c9eb85-21bc-470b-beda-e3f5fd023404" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1076306" ID-ZooBank="F72F750D-563E-4960-BAB3-CBEE139A288C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1512393337967" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Negrete, Lisandro & Brusa, Francisco" docDate="2017" docId="0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4362.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4362 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraba multicolor" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FFAEC314FFFEFFC0BD299334CD6EFF88" masterDocTitle="Increasing diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) in the Interior Atlantic Forest with the description of two new species and new records from Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1698506383038" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9F574DE6D9918AB291C431BE3205E8D9">Increasing diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) in the Interior Atlantic Forest with the description of two new species and new records from Argentina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC48B1ED8406F6F1B22094DDA5607D90">Negrete, Lisandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5E64ED23A7C51A3EE80D8DD5EBB82DD0">Brusa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AE5CFBB2C99BD0C0C16BF73CC04B79B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5AAF08A4E401BED8E2138E04571BBF6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C2472219E6723F1EBA651ECF43AAC6A">4362</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042426" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137584801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6042426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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<subSubSection id="C32459F1FFECFFD2BDBE972ECCC8FBDE" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFECFFD2BDBE972ECF73FBBD" blockId="18.[151,541,1050,1110]" box="[151,541,1050,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0C9BD16FFECFFD2BDBE972ECF73FBBD" bold="true" box="[151,541,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFECFFD2BDBE972ECF73FBBD" ID-CoL="4CLZC" authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,541,1050,1077]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
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<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BDBE972ECF73FBBD" bold="true" box="[151,541,1050,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BDBE972ECC1DFBBC" bold="true" box="[151,371,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Paraba multicolor</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFECFFD2BCAB972FCF7BFBBD" author="Graff" box="[386,533,1051,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" refString="Graff, L. V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFECFFD2BDBE9709CCC8FBDE" blockId="18.[151,541,1050,1110]" box="[151,422,1085,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2BDB69709CC79FBDE" box="[159,279,1085,1110]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionStartId-2="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox-0="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetBox-1="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetBox-2="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetId-2="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6BC3FC1FFECFFD2BC0A9709CCEDFBDE" box="[291,387,1085,1110]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,548,571]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) from fixed specimens of Geoplana quagga and Paraba multicolor. CS: width of creeping sole; DG:distance from gonopore to anterior end; DM: distance from mouth to anterior end. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length (%). Thickness (µm) of cutaneous (CM) and parenchymal (PM) musculatures at the pre-pharyngeal region. CMI (cutaneous muscular index): ratio of height of cutaneous musculature to body height. PMI (parenchymal muscular index): ratio of height of parenchymal musculature to body height. Both indices measured at the pre-pharyngeal region. (-) not measured." pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Tables 3</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6BC3FC1FFECFFD2BCA6970ACCF0FBDE" box="[399,414,1086,1110]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1330,1353]" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements (mm) from fixed specimens of Geoplana quagga and Paraba multicolor. DPVP, distance between prostatic vesicle and pharyngeal pouch; LCOD, length of common glandular ovovitelline duct; LFA, length of female atrium; LFC, length of female canal; LMA, length of male atrium; LPP, length of penis papilla; LPV, length of prostatic vesicle. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length (%)." pageId="18" pageNumber="117">4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32459F1FFECFFD2BDBE97B1C826FAFE" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFECFFD2BDBE97B1CE5AFADA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1157,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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<materialsCitation id="3B560027FFECFFD2BDBE97B1CE62FB6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1703235513" collectingDate="2010-11-06" collectionCode="MLP" location="He" municipality="San Antonio town" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BDBE97B1CCEFFB16" bold="true" box="[151,385,1157,1182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2F92BFFFECFFD2BCA397B2CCAAFB15" box="[394,452,1158,1181]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">MLP</collectionCode>
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–
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||
<location id="8EE15CA1FFECFFD2BCFB97B2CC9CFB15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5:8EE15CA1FFECFFD2BCFB97B2CC9CFB15" box="[466,498,1158,1181]" municipality="San Antonio town" name="He" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">He</location>
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6471-3,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE59000FFECFFD2BF7397B2CE42FB15" box="[602,812,1157,1182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">San Antonio town</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectingDate id="EFC4D552FFECFFD2BE1197B1C967FB16" box="[824,1033,1157,1182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" value="2010-11-06">
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||
<date id="FF802CBAFFECFFD2BE1197B1C967FB16" box="[824,1033,1157,1182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" value="2010-11-06">6 November 2010</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
; cephalic and anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 52 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 5 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 52 slides
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B560027FFECFFD2BE3097FAC9A3FAA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1703235510" collectingDate="2010-11-06" collectionCode="MLP" location="He" municipality="San Antonio town" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2F92BFFFECFFD2BE3097FACE3DFB6D" box="[793,851,1230,1253]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">MLP</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<location id="8EE15CA1FFECFFD2BE4897FACEEFFB6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5:8EE15CA1FFECFFD2BE4897FACEEFFB6D" box="[865,897,1230,1253]" municipality="San Antonio town" name="He" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">He</location>
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6471-2,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE59000FFECFFD2BEC097FAC9D4FB6D" box="[1001,1210,1229,1254]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">San Antonio town</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC4D552FFECFFD2B9EE97F9C8F6FB6E" box="[1223,1432,1229,1254]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" value="2010-11-06">
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<date id="FF802CBAFFECFFD2B9EE97F9C8F6FB6E" box="[1223,1432,1229,1254]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" value="2010-11-06">6 November 2010</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
; cephalic and anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 60 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 10 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 40 slides
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B560027FFECFFD2B9FE9622CE5AFADA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1703235511" collectingDate="2010-11-06" collectionCode="MLP" location="He" municipality="San Antonio town" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="ED2F92BFFFECFFD2B9FE9622C87FFAA5" box="[1239,1297,1302,1325]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">MLP</collectionCode>
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–
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||
<location id="8EE15CA1FFECFFD2B8369622C851FAA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5:8EE15CA1FFECFFD2B8369622C851FAA5" box="[1311,1343,1302,1325]" municipality="San Antonio town" name="He" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">He</location>
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6471-1,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE59000FFECFFD2BDBE960ECC08FAD9" box="[151,358,1337,1362]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">San Antonio town</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC4D552FFECFFD2BC58960DCF51FADA" box="[369,575,1337,1362]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" value="2010-11-06">
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<date id="FF802CBAFFECFFD2BC58960DCF51FADA" box="[369,575,1337,1362]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" value="2010-11-06">6 November 2010</date>
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</collectingDate>
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; preserved in ethanol.
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFECFFD2BDEE9669C826FAFE" blockId="18.[151,1437,1157,2010]" box="[199,1352,1373,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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<materialsCitation id="3B560027FFECFFD2BDEE9669C826FAFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1703235505" box="[199,1352,1373,1398]" country="Argentina" latitude="-26.057396" location="Locality. San Antonio town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.73553" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Misiones province">
|
||
<location id="8EE15CA1FFECFFD2BDEE9669CF6FFAFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397BB6CFFECFFD6BDBE972ECCADF8C5:8EE15CA1FFECFFD2BDEE9669CF6FFAFD" box="[199,513,1373,1398]" country="Argentina" latitude="-26.057396" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.73553" name="Locality. San Antonio town" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" stateProvince="Misiones province">
|
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<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BDEE9669CC41FAFE" bold="true" box="[199,303,1373,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Locality.</emphasis>
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||
San Antonio town
|
||
</location>
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||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A6CBDFFECFFD2BF389669CFD1FAFE" box="[529,703,1373,1398]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" precision="1" value="-26.057396">26°03’26.63’’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A6CBDFFECFFD2BFE29669CEEBFAFE" box="[715,901,1373,1398]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" precision="1" value="-53.73553">53°44’07.91’’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFECFFD2BEB09669C905FAFE" box="[921,1131,1373,1398]" country="Argentina" name="Misiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Misiones province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFECFFD2B95F9669C98BFAFE" box="[1142,1253,1373,1398]" name="Argentina" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2B9DC9669C859FAFE" box="[1269,1335,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,249,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,878,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,878,1841]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map with the known distribution of Geoplana quagga, Obama ladislavii, and Paraba multicolor throughout Brazil (original extension of the Atlantic Forest in dark grey). In detail, the Argentine portion of the Atlantic Forest (Misiones province) with the new records of these species and localities of the new species here described. (CIAR) Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos, (MO) Moconá Provincial Park, (OS) Osununú Private Reserve, (SA) San Antonio, (SE) Salto Encantado Provincial Park." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076310/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32459F1FFECFFD6BDEE96B5CCD7FDB5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFECFFD2BDEE96B5CEE6F8E6" blockId="18.[151,1437,1157,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
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||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BDEE96B5CC37FA12" bold="true" box="[199,345,1409,1434]" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BC4A96B5CF32FA11" box="[355,604,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Body lanceolate, with the anterior region gradually narrowing, and the posterior body region ending abruptly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2BF659691CFABFA36" box="[588,709,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum graphite black with a wide yellow orange median band (~30% of body width) along the entire body except a small portion in the cephalic region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2B9B196FDC87DFA6A" box="[1176,1299,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A thin red orange stripe runs throughout the median band, which is a bit thicker at the level of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2BC3C9525CCF8F9A2" box="[277,406,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pigment bordering the median band is more concentrated, forming jet black paramedian stripes, darker than the background colour. After fixation, the dorsal pigment becomes slightly faded and the para-median stripes as well as the red orange median stripe are better discernible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2B971956DC9DEF9FA" box="[1112,1200,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral surface is cream. The eyes, with clear halos, are uniserial around the anterior tip and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFECFFD2B94A954AC9F2F91E" box="[1123,1180,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
|
||
on the body margins; posteriorly, they remain marginal and extend in two and three irregular rows for
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFECFFD2B9489595C9D4F932" box="[1121,1210,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6mm</quantity>
|
||
. Then, they spread dorsally and pluriserially, forming 10–12 irregular rows for
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFECFFD2BE6495F2CEACF956" box="[845,962,1734,1758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12mm</quantity>
|
||
, being posteriorly more isolated and less numerous. At the pre-pharyngeal level, they form 6–8 rows of eyes, and posteriorly remain dorsal, reaching the posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2BC179439CCD3F8AE" box="[318,445,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). When crawling, maximum length was ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFECFFD2BE889439CE83F8AE" box="[929,1005,1805,1830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
|
||
. After fixation, maximum length was
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFECFFD2BDBE9405CC5DF8C2" box="[151,307,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8899999999999997" metricValueMax="4.25" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="38.9" valueMax="42.5" valueMin="35.3">35.3–42.5mm</quantity>
|
||
and maximum width was
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFECFFD2BF479405CF9CF8C2" box="[622,754,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="5.1" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.6">4.6–5.6mm</quantity>
|
||
. The position of the mouth and gonopore relative to body length varies from 63% to 67% and from 74% to 82% respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFECFFD3BDEE944DC84EFE24" blockId="18.[151,1437,1157,2010]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFECFFD2BDEE944DCCD9F819" box="[199,439,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Internal morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal epidermis (30–35µm high), with abundant rhabdites, receives abundant fine granular xanthophil secretion, and scarce fine granular erythrophil and cyanophil secretions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFECFFD2B9F594A9C837F83E" box="[1244,1369,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral epidermis (35–40µm high), ciliated on the creeping sole (~100% of body width), is filled with small rhabdites which occupy the apex of epidermal cells, and abundant fine granular cyanophil secretion. The glandular margin contains abundant coarse xanthophil granules and scarce fine cyanophil granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEDFFD3B9AC9388C86EFF5C" box="[1157,1280,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">Fig. 9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sensory pits are simple invaginations (30–50µm deep) distributed in a single row along the cephalic region and extending up to ~500µm from the anterior tip. The cutaneous musculature, organized with the three typical layers of geoplaninids, is almost twice thicker ventrally than dorsally. Its thickness relative to body height at the prepharyngeal region is 4–7% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC3FC1FFEDFFD3BCFE9278CF41FEEC" box="[471,559,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,548,571]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) from fixed specimens of Geoplana quagga and Paraba multicolor. CS: width of creeping sole; DG:distance from gonopore to anterior end; DM: distance from mouth to anterior end. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length (%). Thickness (µm) of cutaneous (CM) and parenchymal (PM) musculatures at the pre-pharyngeal region. CMI (cutaneous muscular index): ratio of height of cutaneous musculature to body height. PMI (parenchymal muscular index): ratio of height of parenchymal musculature to body height. Both indices measured at the pre-pharyngeal region. (-) not measured." pageId="19" pageNumber="118">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The parenchymal musculature is organized with three layers: a dorsal layer with decussate diagonal fibres, a supra-intestinal layer with transverse fibres, and a sub-intestinal layer with transverse fibres. Its thickness relative to body height at the pre-pharyngeal region is 12–13% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC3FC1FFEDFFD3B99592A0C87CFE24" box="[1212,1298,404,429]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,548,571]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) from fixed specimens of Geoplana quagga and Paraba multicolor. CS: width of creeping sole; DG:distance from gonopore to anterior end; DM: distance from mouth to anterior end. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length (%). Thickness (µm) of cutaneous (CM) and parenchymal (PM) musculatures at the pre-pharyngeal region. CMI (cutaneous muscular index): ratio of height of cutaneous musculature to body height. PMI (parenchymal muscular index): ratio of height of parenchymal musculature to body height. Both indices measured at the pre-pharyngeal region. (-) not measured." pageId="19" pageNumber="118">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF415AF2FFEDFFD3BDBE9437C9DEF8FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFEDFFD3BDBE9437C9DEF8FD" blockId="19.[151,1436,1795,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEDFFD3BDBE9437CC7DF890" bold="true" box="[151,275,1795,1817]" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFEDFFD3BC329437CCB8F891" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[283,470,1795,1817]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="118" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEDFFD3BC329437CCB8F891" box="[283,470,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">Paraba multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEDFFD3BCCD9437CF66F892" bold="true" box="[484,520,1795,1818]" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEDFFD3B9279437C95EF892" bold="true" box="[1038,1072,1795,1818]" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEDFFD3BC4A9415CCCCF8B0" bold="true" box="[355,418,1825,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">(C–F)</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEDFFD3B8089474C82BF8DF" bold="true" box="[1313,1349,1856,1879]" pageId="19" pageNumber="118">(G)</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2). Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF415AF2FFEAFFD4BDBE91E3CC53FC84" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" targetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFEAFFD4BDBE91E3CC53FC84" blockId="20.[151,1436,727,780]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEAFFD4BDBE91E3CC4CFD64" bold="true" box="[151,290,727,749]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEAFFD4BC0291E3CC81FD65" box="[299,495,727,749]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFEAFFD4BC0291E3CC85FD65" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[299,491,727,749]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">Paraba multicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFEAFFD4BDEE9007CF96FBC0" blockId="20.[151,1437,819,1960]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Pharynx cylindrical (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFEAFFD4BC929007CF55FCC4" box="[443,571,819,844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.6mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 6% of body length), with the dorsal insertion posteriorly displaced (300–350µm), and mouth located in the distal third of the pharyngeal pouch (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFEAFFD4BEDD906CC90EFCF8" box="[1012,1120,856,880]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.0">3–3.8mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4B9989063C865FCF8" box="[1201,1291,855,880]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pharyngeal stroma traversed by abundant fine granular erythrophil and cyanophil secretions, whose cell bodies are placed in the surrounding parenchyma anterior to the pharynx and pierce the pharyngeal tip. Pharynx lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscle fibres (2.5µm thick) and a subjacent circular muscle layer (5–10µm thick). The epithelium of the pharyngeal lumen is columnar and ciliated, surrounded by a thick muscle layer consisting of circular fibres with some longitudinal fibres interspersed (35–60µm thick). An oesophagus is present (22–24% of pharyngeal length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFEAFFD4BDEE9767C926F820" blockId="20.[151,1437,819,1960]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Dorsal testes, rounded, located between the supra-intestinal parenchymal muscle layer and intestinal branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BDB69743CC74FB18" box="[159,282,1143,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 9C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). They form three irregular rows on each side of the body and extend behind the ovaries to near the pharyngeal root (16–18% and 52–60% of body length from the anterior end, respectively). At pre-pharyngeal level, sperm ducts, which are located among fibres of the sub-intestinal parenchymal muscle layer, are dorsal and medially displaced to the ovovitelline ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BF9097D7CE7BFB74" box="[697,789,1251,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Behind the pharynx, they are expanded and full of spermatozoa, forming spermiducal vesicles, and open laterally into the paired portions of the prostatic vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BDB69618CD91FACC" box="[159,255,1324,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BC279618CC51FACC" box="[270,319,1324,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The extrabulbar prostatic vesicle is composed of proximal globose paired portions and a distal unpaired portion, which is tubular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BF0D967BCFECFAE0" box="[548,642,1359,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BFA79664CE6BFAE0" box="[654,773,1360,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">11A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFEAFFD4BEBD9664C978FAE0" box="[916,1046,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.1mm</quantity>
|
||
long) runs sinuously, traverses the penis bulb and, after a short intrabulbar tract, communicates with the ejaculatory duct, which is slightly ventrally displaced inside the penis papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BF1F96A3CFF7FA38" box="[566,665,1431,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BF8296ACCFB0FA38" box="[683,734,1432,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The slightly assymetrical penis papilla (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFEAFFD4B9FA96ACC83AFA38" box="[1235,1364,1432,1456]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9mm</quantity>
|
||
long) occupies most of the male atrium (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFEAFFD4BF379688CF00FA5D" box="[542,622,1468,1493]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5mm</quantity>
|
||
long). Folds of the dorsal wall of the male atrium separate this from the female atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BC6696EBCCDDFA70" box="[335,435,1503,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BCEC96D4CC96FA70" box="[453,504,1504,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sperm ducts are lined with cuboidal epithelium, while distally (spermiducal vesicles) they are lined with columnar epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BFC99530CE26F994" box="[736,840,1540,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two portions of the prostatic vesicle are lined with non-ciliated columnar epithelium that receives apically cyanophil secretion as well as abundant fine granular erythrophil secretion, which is more abundant in the paired portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BEFC9578C90BF9EC" box="[981,1125,1612,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 11A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cell bodies of these erythrophil glands are located in the surrounding parenchyma, anterior to the copulatory apparatus. The musculature of the prostatic vesicle, composed of a circular layer with some interspersed longitudinal fibres, is thicker in the paired portions (20–25µm thick) than in the unpaired portion (5–10µm thick). The epithelial lining of the ejaculatory duct is cuboidal and ciliated, followed by a thin circular muscle layer (2.5µm thick). The penis papilla is lined by a cuboidal epithelium, pierced by highly abundant fine granular erythrophil secretion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4B81895CBCDC1F8B4" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 11A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also, amorphous erythrophil secretion and cyanophil granules discharge mainly at the level of penis insertions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEAFFD4BDB69473CC40F8E8" box="[159,302,1863,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Fig. 11A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The musculature of the penis is composed of circular fibres (5–10µm thick). The male atrium is lined with a columnar epithelium filled with erythrophil and cyanophil granules. The muscularis of the male atrium is composed of a circular layer with interspersed longitudinal fibres (5–15µm thick).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF415AF2FFEBFFD5BDBE9555CECCF95B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120" targetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFEBFFD5BDBE9555CECCF95B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1633,1747]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEBFFD5BDBE9555CC71F9FE" bold="true" box="[151,287,1633,1655]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFEBFFD5BC0F9555CC8CF9FF" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[294,482,1633,1655]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="21" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEBFFD5BC0F9555CC8CF9FF" box="[294,482,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Paraba multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFEBFFD5BCD99555CF41F9F0" bold="true" box="[496,559,1633,1656]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">(A–F)</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B), proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars: A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFEBFFD6BDEE95CECCD7FDB5" blockId="21.[151,1437,1786,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">
|
||
The ovaries, ovoid in shape, are located between the sub-intestinal parenchymal muscle layer and the nervous plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5BDF4942ACC2EF8BF" box="[221,320,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ovovitelline ducts arise from the mid-dorsal third of the ovaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5B975942AC9D1F8BF" box="[1116,1215,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vitelline follicles, well developed, are located among intestine branches and discharge along the ovovitelline ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5B9DC9476C8F6F8D2" box="[1269,1432,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[238,1345,485,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,481,1774]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paraba multicolor. (A) Live specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-2). (B) Preserved specimen in dorsal view (MLP-He 6471-3). (C–F) Transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region with details (MLP-He 6471-3): pre-pharyngeal region (C), detail of glandular margin (D), detail of testes (E), detail of sperm duct and ovovitelline duct (F). (G) Sagittal section of the pharynx (MLP-He 6471-2).Scale bars: A, B: 10mm, C, G: 1mm, D, E: 100µm, F: 50µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076346/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Figs. 9C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5BDBE9453CDA8F8F7" box="[151,198,1895,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the level of the gonopore, the ovovitelline ducts ascend and run to the middle plane, joining each other in a short common duct (~100µm long) located above the posterior region of the female atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5B9F994BEC841F82B" box="[1232,1327,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5B81494BFC8E1F82B" box="[1341,1423,1931,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">11A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The common ovovitelline duct is horizontal and, distally, it is ventrally flexed to open into the female atrium, which is almost tubular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5BF3F94E7CF1BF863" box="[534,629,2003,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFEBFFD5BFAB94E7CFBDF863" box="[642,723,2003,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">11A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Histologically, the female atrium can be differentiated in two portions (see below). The ental part of the proximal portion is vertical, with a narrow lumen, and continues almost horizontally and more spacious, while the distal portion curves ventrally before opening in the gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFE8FFD6B8139388C8F9FF5C" box="[1338,1431,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFE8FFD6BDBE93D4CDA4FF70" box="[151,202,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ovovitelline ducts are lined with cuboidal ciliated epithelium followed by a circular muscle layer (2.5µm thick). Their distal ascending portions receive abundant secretion from shell glands as the common ovovitelline duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFE8FFD6BDF19213CC0FFEC8" box="[216,353,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 11A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter is lined by ciliated columnar epithelium surrounded by circular muscle fibres (10– 15µm thick). The epithelial lining of the proximal region of the female is columnar and non-ciliated with stratified appearance (180–250µm high), while the distal portion is lined with columnar ciliated epithelium (60–100µm high) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFE8FFD6BDB692A0CD93FE24" box="[159,253,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[257,1321,199,683]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[243,1345,193,703]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paraba multicolor. Schematic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, in sagittal view (MLP-He 6471-3). Scale bar: 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFE8FFD6BC2392A0CC35FE24" box="[266,347,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[294,1290,199,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[289,1298,193,1612]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paraba multicolor. (A–F) Sagittal sections of the reproductive system: copulatory apparatus (MLP-He 6471-3) (A), opening of the sperm duct into the prostatic vesicle (MLP-He 6471-3) (B),proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle (MLP- He 6471-3) (C), detail of the male system (MLP-He 6471-2) (D), ovary (MLP-He 6471-3) (E), detail of the female atrium (MLP-He 6471-2) (F). Scale bars:A, D: 500µm; B, E: 200µm; C, F: 100µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076354/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">11A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The female atrium receives abundant fine granular erythrophil secretion, more abundant in the proximal portion, and less abundant fine cyanophil granules. Its muscularis is composed of a circular subepithelial layer (15–25µm thick) and a subjacent longitudinal layer (10–15µm thick). A common muscle coat, composed of longitudinal and oblique fibres, well organized around the male atrium (50–70µm thick), is less conspicuous around the female atrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32459F1FFE8FFD6BDEE9173C819F910" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFE8FFD6BDEE9173C819F910" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BDEE9173CFE3FDE8" bold="true" box="[199,653,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Remarks and comparative discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFE8FFD6BFBD917CC96FFDE8" authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[660,1025,583,608]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BFBD917CCE0BFDE8" box="[660,869,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Paraba multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE5D9173CE97FDE8" author="Graff" box="[884,1017,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Graff, L. V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported in some localities of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6BD9D9158CD96FD0D" box="[180,248,620,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BC429158CCD4FD0C" box="[363,442,620,644]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BCED9158CF06FD0D" box="[452,616,620,645]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BF5A9158CE2BFD0D" box="[627,837,620,645]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BE579158CE9FFD0D" box="[894,1009,620,645]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B92C9158C9EBFD0C" author="Graff" box="[1029,1157,620,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Graff, L. V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9B99159C84BFD0D" author="Marcus" box="[1168,1317,620,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B8189158CD8EFD20" author="Froehlich" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich CG. 1955 b. Sobre morfologia e taxonomia das Geoplanidae. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 195 - 279." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Froehlich 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BDC591BBCC5DFD20" author="Froehlich" box="[236,307,655,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1956 a) Tricladida Terricola das regioes de Teresopolis e Ubatuba. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 12, 313 - 343." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="a">1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BC1691BBCCE6FD20" author="Froehlich" box="[319,392,655,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1956 b) Planarias terrestres do Parana. Dusenia, 7, 173 - 191." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="b">1956b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BCBD91BBCFB8FD20" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[404,726,655,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130516FFFFE8FFD6BFC491BBCE41FD20" box="[749,815,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,249,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,878,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,878,1841]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map with the known distribution of Geoplana quagga, Obama ladislavii, and Paraba multicolor throughout Brazil (original extension of the Atlantic Forest in dark grey). In detail, the Argentine portion of the Atlantic Forest (Misiones province) with the new records of these species and localities of the new species here described. (CIAR) Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos, (MO) Moconá Provincial Park, (OS) Osununú Private Reserve, (SA) San Antonio, (SE) Salto Encantado Provincial Park." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1076310/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6BEBF91A4CE90FD20" box="[918,1022,656,680]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6B92791BBC915FD20" box="[1038,1147,655,680]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
|
||
) as an introduced species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BDB79180CC4BFD44" author="Arndt" box="[158,293,692,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Arndt, W. (1934) Die Landplanarienfunde in Deutschland. Mit einer Ubersicht uber die zurzeit aus Europa bekannten Terricolen. Zoogeographica, 2, 375 - 392." type="journal article" year="1934">Arndt 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The external appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFE8FFD6BF599181CE6EFD44" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[624,768,692,716]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BF599181CE6EFD44" box="[624,768,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">P. multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits high variability since the dorsal ground colour can be dark brown, dark grey or black, with a median band pigmented from pale yellowish, yellow, ochre, orange to reddish, flanked by white or black para-median stripes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE2791C8CEE1FC9C" author="Graff" box="[782,911,764,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Graff, L. V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BEB591C9C95DFC9D" author="Marcus" box="[924,1075,764,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B91691C8C995FC9D" author="Froehlich" box="[1087,1275,764,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1956 a) Tricladida Terricola das regioes de Teresopolis e Ubatuba. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 12, 313 - 343." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="a">Froehlich 1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B82E91C8CC55FCB0" author="Leal-Zanchet" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, in some specimens, the occurrence of a narrow stripe of a rust-red pigment along the median band can be observed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BCB09070CFB0FCD4" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[409,734,836,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6BEF49070C923FCD5" box="[989,1101,836,861]" name="Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
fit with the description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485B4D8FFE8FFD6BDBE9053CD97FC08" box="[151,249,871,896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BC15905CCCC1FC08" box="[316,431,871,896]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, with a yellow orange median band (‘fulvo-ferrugineus’ according to Graff) with a narrow red orange median stripe, although the para-median stripes in the Argentinean specimens are black and those in the specimen studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BCA6909BCF4FFC40" author="Graff" box="[399,545,943,968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Graff, L. V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are whitish. Flatworms from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BEAA909BC90EFC40" box="[899,1120,943,968]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
also agree in general with Argentinean specimens, but do not exhibit the rust-red pigment along the median band (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9BC90E0CDBDFB98" author="Leal-Zanchet" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Regarding body size, specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6BFB290C3CE64FB98" box="[667,778,1015,1040]" name="Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFE8FFD6BE3390C3CEE3FB98" box="[794,909,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="45.0">45–50mm</quantity>
|
||
long in maximum extension) are intermediate between those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BCAB9728CF34FBBD" box="[386,602,1052,1077]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFE8FFD6BF539728CFAAFBBD" box="[634,708,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="35.0">35mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE309728C90CFBBC" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[793,1122,1052,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6B8009728C8F2FBBD" box="[1321,1436,1052,1077]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6A79FFFE8FFD6BDB79774CD89FBD0" box="[158,231,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="70.0">70mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BC119774CCBEFBD0" author="Marcus" box="[312,464,1087,1112]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Once fixed, the relative distance of the mouth and gonopore in relation to the anterior end is similar to that observed in specimens from all localities from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6BEB59750CE8AFBF5" box="[924,996,1124,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9499750C981FBF4" author="Graff" box="[1120,1263,1124,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Graff, L. V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described only the external aspect of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFE8FFD6BC9097BDCE72FB28" authority=", Marcus (1951)" authorityName=", Marcus" authorityYear="1951" box="[441,796,1159,1184]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BC9097BDCF3DFB28" box="[441,595,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">P. multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BF4597BDCE72FB28" author="Marcus" box="[620,796,1159,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE4097B3C9B4FB28" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[873,1242,1159,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided more comprehensive descriptions of both the external and internal anatomy of this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9BA9798C80DFB4D" author="Froehlich" box="[1171,1379,1196,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich CG. 1955 b. Sobre morfologia e taxonomia das Geoplanidae. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 195 - 279." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Froehlich (1955b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also included some notes regarding internal features of the musculature and glandular secretions of the pre-pharyngeal region. The presence of a glandular margin, with abundant coarse granular xanthophil secretion, and the thickness of the cutaneous musculature relative to body height at the pre-pharyngeal region (~6% on average) are congruent with specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BCA09608CF35FADD" box="[393,603,1340,1365]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BFB89608CE5AFADD" box="[657,820,1340,1365]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE6B9608C96EFADD" author="Froehlich" box="[834,1024,1340,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich CG. 1955 b. Sobre morfologia e taxonomia das Geoplanidae. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 195 - 279." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Froehlich 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9229608C820FADC" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[1035,1358,1340,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, the cylindrical pharynx with the dorsal insertion a bit posteriorly displaced, short oesophagus and mouth opening in the distal part of the pharyngeal pouch agree with descriptions given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BEE996B1C908FA15" author="Marcus" box="[960,1126,1412,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9B496B0CD8DFA48" author="Leal-Zanchet" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Regarding both the general morphology and histology of the copulatory apparatus, the Argentinean specimens are similar to those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BF0396F8CF97FA6D" box="[554,761,1484,1509]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAC498FFE8FFD6BE0696F8CECEFA6D" box="[815,928,1484,1509]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE8496F8C92BFA6D" author="Marcus" box="[941,1093,1484,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B97996F8C8FFFA6C" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[1104,1425,1484,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BDBE96DBCC89F980" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[151,487,1519,1544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-analysed material studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BE7C96C5CE95F980" author="Marcus" box="[853,1019,1519,1544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and interpreted that the female canal considered by Marcus corresponds to the most proximal portion of the female atrium, whose lumen is narrow. We agree with this opinion, based on observations of the Argentinean specimens. Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6B9639503C8F2F9D8" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[1098,1436,1591,1616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to a vagina (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BCAF9569CCC7F9FC" box="[390,425,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
female canal) that connects the short common ovovitelline duct with the ental portion of the female atrium. However, histologically, we did not distinguish a female canal in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6B829954BC81DF910" box="[1280,1395,1663,1688]" name="Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32459F1FFE8FFD6BDEE9590CCADF8C5" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B810A7AFFE8FFD6BDEE9590CCADF8C5" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
|
||
Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFE8FFD6BC289590CCA7F934" authorityName="Negrete & Brusa" authorityYear="2017" box="[257,457,1700,1724]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quagga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BC289590CCA7F934" box="[257,457,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Geoplana quagga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other geoplaninids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E71F9FFE8FFD6BFF59590CEC5F934" ID-CoL="4CLZC" authorityName=", Marcus" authorityYear="1951" box="[732,939,1700,1724]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Paraba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AD668FFE8FFD6BFF59590CEC5F934" box="[732,939,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Paraba multicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in anthropized areas (backyards, vacant lots) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BC0295F3CC86F968" author="Froehlich" box="[299,488,1735,1760]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1955 a) On the biology of land planarians. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 20, 263 - 271." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="a">Froehlich 1955a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BCDC95F3CF52F968" author="Froehlich" box="[501,572,1735,1760]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1956 a) Tricladida Terricola das regioes de Teresopolis e Ubatuba. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 12, 313 - 343." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="a">1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BF6095F3CFEAF968" author="Froehlich" box="[585,644,1735,1760]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1958) On a collection of Brazilian Land Planarians. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 21, 93 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3382. bffclzoologia. 1957.120237" type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although it is not restricted to these disturbed environments since it has been also found in native forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF778BFFE8FFD6BF4895D8CEDBF88C" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[609,949,1772,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" refString="Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Matos, L. B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2011">Leal-Zanchet & Matos 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Likewise, specimens from San Antonio (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3294AEAFFE8FFD6BDB7943BCC7FF8A0" box="[158,273,1807,1832]" name="Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were found below flower plots in a backyard, probably being an accidental introduction through the trade of ornamental plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |