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<document id="0522E1234C75BBC542EE873A899AAD41" ID-CLB-Dataset="281828" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.jcz.2023.02.003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92495122-c02e-44ea-8078-3472da717a9b" ID-ISSN="1873-2674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10833352" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702541450445" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ancajima, Georgette Paola &amp; Duarte, Marcelo" docDate="2023" docId="0392C3252359FFB5FCB2518479DEFA75" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolAnz.304.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologischer Anzeiger 304" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.02.003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD.1:ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD" docStyleName="ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Compsulyx cochereaui" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFABBB5D235BFFB1FFE3562D7A58FFD4" masterDocTitle="Morphological variation of the epiphyses in some Ambulycini hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Smerinthinae)" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1710778104923" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="64F41A31512D2B16A2FE5F105EE0410C">Morphological variation of the epiphyses in some Ambulycini hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Smerinthinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20CEA3535BA32E6C24B7C2EBB39D46CF">Ancajima, Georgette Paola</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97B80371416A45116EFEA3D72AAB62DE">Duarte, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0392C3252359FFB5FCB2518479DEFA75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375638" ID-GBIF-Taxon="219861674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392C3252359FFB5FCB2518479DEFA75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392C3252359FFB5FCB2518479DEFA75" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C32121B82359FFB3FCB251847F28F86A" box="[849,1392,1961,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8472332359FFB3FCB251847F28F86A" blockId="2.[818,1488,1014,1982]" box="[849,1392,1961,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B02359FFB3FCB251847EE5F869" ID-CoL="XJCD" authority="(Viette, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[849,1213,1961,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Compsulyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochereaui">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212359FFB3FCB251847EE5F869" bold="true" box="[849,1213,1961,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212359FFB3FCB251847E72F86A" bold="true" box="[849,1066,1961,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Compsulyx cochereaui</emphasis>
(Viette, 1971)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13006EB62359FFB3FB2F51867F4FF86A" box="[1228,1303,1963,1982]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[984,1014,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[102,957,150,806]" captionTargetId="figure-760@2.[100,959,148,808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Proposed characters of the epiphyses of Ambulycini. (A) Shape: a. elongated, as in Trogolegnum pseudambulyx; b. lanceolate, as in Ambulyx pryeri; c. spoon-shaped, as in Orecta lycidas; d. bent inward, as in Batocnema coquerelii. (B) Insertion point on the foretibia: a. at one-third of the tibia, as in Adhemarius gannascus; b. at one-quarter of the tibia, as in O. lycidas; c. at two-fifths of the tibia, as shown in female Akbesia davidi; d. at two-sevenths of the tibia, as in Protambulyx strigilis. (C) Upper lobe: a. straight, as observed in Compsulyx cochereaui; b. concave, as in Ad. dariensis; c. bilobed, as in B. coquerelii; d. angulate, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (D) Lower lobe: a. truncated, as in T. pseudambulyx; b. rounded, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (E) Invagination shape: a. vnotched, as in P. strigilis; b. u-notched, as in Ak. davidi. (F) Invagination degree: a. slightly accentuated, as observed in P. strigilis; b. strongly accentuated, in Am. pryeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13006EB62359FFB3FAA551867F3DF86A" box="[1350,1381,1963,1982]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[1035,1065,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1008,150,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-358@4.[100,1010,148,1353]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Epiphysial morphology of some Ambulycini (anterolateral view). (A) Ambulyx pryeri Distant, 1887. (B) Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771). (C) Akbesia davidi (Oberthür, 1884). (D) Compsulyx cochereaui (Viette, 1971). (E) Batocnema coquerelii (Boisduval, [1875]). (F) Orecta lycidas (Boisduval, [1875]). (G) Trogolegnum pseudambulyx (Boisduval, [1875]). (H) Adhemarius dariensis (Rothschild and Jordan, 1916). (I) Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790). (J) Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4422BB2358FFB2FF87515B78EFF874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10833358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833358/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[100,130,1910,1927]" targetBox="[256,1332,150,1882]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8472332358FFB2FF87515B78EFF874" blockId="3.[100,1487,1910,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212358FFB2FF87515B7AC5F853" bold="true" box="[100,157,1910,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Morphological details of the epiphysis in SEM. (A) Comb of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B02358FFB2FD41515B7985F853" authority="(Linnaeus, 1771)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[674,989,1910,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Protambulyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigilis">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212358FFB2FD41515B791DF853" bold="true" box="[674,837,1910,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Protambulyx strigilis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1771)
</taxonomicName>
. (B). Comb of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B02358FFB2FBB5515B7F2EF853" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1110,1398,1910,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Orecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycidas">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212358FFB2FBB5515B7E9FF853" bold="true" box="[1110,1223,1910,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orecta lycidas</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
. (C) Comb of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B02358FFB2FF9851A27BFEF875" authority="(Stoll, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[123,422,1935,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Adhemarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gannascus">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212358FFB2FF9851A27B6AF874" bold="true" box="[123,306,1935,1952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Adhemarius gannascus</emphasis>
(Stoll, 1790)
</taxonomicName>
. (D) Acanthae of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B02358FFB2FDDD51A278EAF874" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[574,690,1935,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Adhemarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gannascus">
<emphasis id="B94FAE212358FFB2FDDD51A278EAF874" bold="true" box="[574,690,1935,1952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ad. gannascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4422BB235FFFB5FBE856B87EF5FE71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833360" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10833360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833360/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[1035,1065,149,166]" targetBox="[101,1008,150,1351]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FBE856B87EF5FE71" blockId="4.[1035,1488,149,422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FBE856B87E1FFF72" bold="true" box="[1035,1095,149,166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Epiphysial morphology of some
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FA8E56B87F97FF72" box="[1389,1487,149,166]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ambulycini">Ambulycini</taxonomicName>
(anterolateral view). (A)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FB1956827E61FF0E" authority="Distant, 1887" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Ambulyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pryeri">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FB1956827F27FF14" bold="true" box="[1274,1407,175,192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ambulyx pryeri</emphasis>
Distant, 1887
</taxonomicName>
. (B)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FB8556E57FF2FF0E" authority="(Linnaeus, 1771)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1126,1450,200,218]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Protambulyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigilis">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FB8556E57F55FF0D" bold="true" box="[1126,1293,200,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Protambulyx strigilis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1771)
</taxonomicName>
. (C)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FBE856CF7F61FF27" authority="(Oberthur, 1884)" authorityName="M" baseAuthorityName="Oberthur" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1035,1337,226,243]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Akbesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidi">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FBE856CF7ED2FF27" bold="true" box="[1035,1162,226,243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Akbesia davidi</emphasis>
(Oberthür, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
. (D)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FA9456CF7EB3FED9" authority="(Viette, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Compsulyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochereaui">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FA9456CF7E38FED8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Compsulyx cochereaui</emphasis>
(Viette, 1971)
</taxonomicName>
. (E)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FAFD56D17EE2FEF2" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Batocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquerelii">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FAFD56D17F97FED8" bold="true" box="[1310,1487,251,268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Batocnema coquerelii</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
. (F)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FB0E57387E08FEEB" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Orecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycidas">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FB0E57387F3CFEF2" bold="true" box="[1261,1380,277,294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Orecta lycidas</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
. (G)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FB6057037E08FE8D" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Trogolegnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudambulyx">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FB6057037F3EFEEB" bold="true" box="[1155,1382,302,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trogolegnum pseudambulyx</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
. (H)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FB6457657F6FFE8D" authorityName="Rothschild &amp; Jordan" authorityYear="1916" box="[1159,1335,328,345]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Adhemarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dariensis">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FB6457657F6FFE8D" bold="true" box="[1159,1335,328,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Adhemarius dariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rothschild and Jordan, 1916). (I)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FB45574C7F94FEA7" authority="(Stoll, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[1190,1484,353,371]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Adhemarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gannascus">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FB45574C7F03FEA6" bold="true" box="[1190,1371,353,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Adhemarius gannascus</emphasis>
(Stoll, 1790)
</taxonomicName>
. (J)
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FBC857567F94FE58" authority="(Felder &amp; Felder, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Felder &amp; Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1067,1484,379,396]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Adhemarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurysthenes">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FBC857567EA8FE58" bold="true" box="[1067,1264,379,396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Adhemarius eurysthenes</emphasis>
(Felder &amp; Felder, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32121B8235FFFB5FF6753A379DEFA75" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FF6753A37B50F9C5" blockId="4.[100,770,1422,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Length and width: 2.46 and
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FE7253A37BB0FA76" box="[401,488,1422,1442]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
, respectively, covering 48.3% of the foretibia. Epiphyses lanceolate and apically inserted at about two-sevenths of the foretibia length. Upper lobe straight. Lower lobe rounded. Invagination strongly accentuated, v-notched. Foretibiae length:
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FF4F53D37B5BF9C5" box="[172,259,1534,1553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.88">4.88 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FF6750347880F9F9" blockId="4.[100,770,1422,1972]" box="[132,728,1561,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FF675034787FF9F8" bold="true" box="[132,551,1561,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FF6750347AB7F9F9" bold="true" box="[132,239,1561,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bactonema</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FF155034787FF9F8" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[246,551,1561,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Batocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquerelii">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FF1550347B0DF9F9" bold="true" box="[246,341,1561,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">coquerelii</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13006EB6235FFFB5FDD6503778D9F9F9" box="[565,641,1562,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[984,1014,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[102,957,150,806]" captionTargetId="figure-760@2.[100,959,148,808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Proposed characters of the epiphyses of Ambulycini. (A) Shape: a. elongated, as in Trogolegnum pseudambulyx; b. lanceolate, as in Ambulyx pryeri; c. spoon-shaped, as in Orecta lycidas; d. bent inward, as in Batocnema coquerelii. (B) Insertion point on the foretibia: a. at one-third of the tibia, as in Adhemarius gannascus; b. at one-quarter of the tibia, as in O. lycidas; c. at two-fifths of the tibia, as shown in female Akbesia davidi; d. at two-sevenths of the tibia, as in Protambulyx strigilis. (C) Upper lobe: a. straight, as observed in Compsulyx cochereaui; b. concave, as in Ad. dariensis; c. bilobed, as in B. coquerelii; d. angulate, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (D) Lower lobe: a. truncated, as in T. pseudambulyx; b. rounded, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (E) Invagination shape: a. vnotched, as in P. strigilis; b. u-notched, as in Ak. davidi. (F) Invagination degree: a. slightly accentuated, as observed in P. strigilis; b. strongly accentuated, in Am. pryeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833356/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13006EB6235FFFB5FD5250377895F9F9" box="[689,717,1562,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[1035,1065,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1008,150,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-358@4.[100,1010,148,1353]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Epiphysial morphology of some Ambulycini (anterolateral view). (A) Ambulyx pryeri Distant, 1887. (B) Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771). (C) Akbesia davidi (Oberthür, 1884). (D) Compsulyx cochereaui (Viette, 1971). (E) Batocnema coquerelii (Boisduval, [1875]). (F) Orecta lycidas (Boisduval, [1875]). (G) Trogolegnum pseudambulyx (Boisduval, [1875]). (H) Adhemarius dariensis (Rothschild and Jordan, 1916). (I) Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790). (J) Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833360/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FF67501B7B50F96D" blockId="4.[100,770,1422,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Length and width: 2.27 and
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FE72501B7BB0F99D" box="[401,488,1590,1609]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
, respectively, covering 69.8% of the foretibia. Epiphysis bent inward, and apically inserted at about one-quarter of the foretibia length. Upper lobe bilobed. Lower lobe truncated. Invagination slightly accentuated, v-notched. Foretibiae length:
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FF4F50887B5BF96D" box="[172,259,1701,1721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="3.23">3.23 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FF6750ED78EEF900" blockId="4.[100,770,1422,1972]" box="[132,694,1728,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B09B0235FFFB5FF6750ED7BB9F900" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[132,481,1728,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Orecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycidas">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FF6750ED7BB9F900" bold="true" box="[132,481,1728,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94FAE21235FFFB5FF6750ED7B57F900" bold="true" box="[132,271,1728,1748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Orecta lycidas</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13006EB6235FFFB5FE0C50EC7865F900" box="[495,573,1729,1748]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[984,1014,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[102,957,150,806]" captionTargetId="figure-760@2.[100,959,148,808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Proposed characters of the epiphyses of Ambulycini. (A) Shape: a. elongated, as in Trogolegnum pseudambulyx; b. lanceolate, as in Ambulyx pryeri; c. spoon-shaped, as in Orecta lycidas; d. bent inward, as in Batocnema coquerelii. (B) Insertion point on the foretibia: a. at one-third of the tibia, as in Adhemarius gannascus; b. at one-quarter of the tibia, as in O. lycidas; c. at two-fifths of the tibia, as shown in female Akbesia davidi; d. at two-sevenths of the tibia, as in Protambulyx strigilis. (C) Upper lobe: a. straight, as observed in Compsulyx cochereaui; b. concave, as in Ad. dariensis; c. bilobed, as in B. coquerelii; d. angulate, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (D) Lower lobe: a. truncated, as in T. pseudambulyx; b. rounded, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (E) Invagination shape: a. vnotched, as in P. strigilis; b. u-notched, as in Ak. davidi. (F) Invagination degree: a. slightly accentuated, as observed in P. strigilis; b. strongly accentuated, in Am. pryeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833356/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13006EB6235FFFB5FDAB50EC7839F900" box="[584,609,1729,1748]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1910,1927]" captionTargetBox="[256,1332,150,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[255,1333,148,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Morphological details of the epiphysis in SEM. (A) Comb of Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771). (B). Comb of Orecta lycidas (Boisduval, [1875]). (C) Comb of Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790). (D) Acanthae of Ad. gannascus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833358/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13006EB6235FFFB5FD7350EC78F3F900" box="[656,683,1729,1748]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[1035,1065,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1008,150,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-358@4.[100,1010,148,1353]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Epiphysial morphology of some Ambulycini (anterolateral view). (A) Ambulyx pryeri Distant, 1887. (B) Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771). (C) Akbesia davidi (Oberthür, 1884). (D) Compsulyx cochereaui (Viette, 1971). (E) Batocnema coquerelii (Boisduval, [1875]). (F) Orecta lycidas (Boisduval, [1875]). (G) Trogolegnum pseudambulyx (Boisduval, [1875]). (H) Adhemarius dariensis (Rothschild and Jordan, 1916). (I) Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790). (J) Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833360/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FF6750F07AE9F843" blockId="4.[100,770,1422,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Length and width in male: 2.41 and
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FE3550F07875F924" box="[470,557,1757,1776]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
, respectively, covering 50.0% of the foretibia. Length and width in the female: 2.52 and
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FD3B50D47AD3F8FC" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
, respectively, covering 46.0% of the foretibia. Epiphyses spoon-shaped in both sexes, and apically inserted at about one-quarter of the foretibia length. Upper lobe bilobed. Lower lobe rounded. Invagination strongly accentuated, v-notched. Foretibiae length:
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FDB3514478FDF8A8" box="[592,677,1897,1916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.72" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.72">4.72 mm</quantity>
(Ƌ),
<quantity id="4CC3DFD6235FFFB5FD3B51457AD0F84C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.95">4.95 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3DB9BA235FFFB5FF7451A87AFCF84C" box="[151,164,1925,1944]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B847233235FFFB5FF67518D79DEFA75" blockId="4.[100,770,1422,1972]" box="[132,902,1422,1972]" lastBlockId="4.[818,1488,1422,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Epiphyses are sexually dimorphic in the comb (For details see
<tableCitation id="C6B94788235FFFB5FCD153A37920FA75" box="[818,888,1422,1441]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[100,150,150,166]" captionText="Table 2 A detailed list of examined species, measurements of the epiphysis and characters. Abbreviations: (LM) light microscopy, (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, (M) Male, (F) Female, (el) epiphysis length, (ew) epiphysis width, (lf) foretibia length, (po) position length, (% occup.) proportion between (el) and (lf). Details of the measurements and parts in Fig. 1." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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