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<document id="92B1FDEF02A70A56ED725F82D3B5E9C8" ID-CLB-Dataset="31071" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4369.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34826a1d-7146-4d75-9585-b226f798ffdb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1135772" ID-ZooBank="97CAA2FC-F3CC-407B-8768-2BB9DE037C86" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1515148404056" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mooi, Rich, Martínez, Sergio A., Del Río, Claudia J. &amp; Ramos, Maria Inês Feijó" docDate="2018" docId="0392BB4BFFA3F5527D92FB59FDCBF8D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4369.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4369 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abertella pirabensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="321" masterDocId="FFABC333FFB2F5467D05FFF7FFE2FFA5" masterDocTitle="Late Oligocene - Miocene non-lunulate sand dollars of South America: Revision of abertellid taxa and descriptions of two new families, two new genera, and a new species" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1698512411552" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A6491CC67BA2D6EA48E74FBF3A30448B">Late Oligocene - Miocene non-lunulate sand dollars of South America: Revision of abertellid taxa and descriptions of two new families, two new genera, and a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D833478DE593A4CDF754EC1ECD85D32">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A33836BB50A8CE9109FFD87A04C6638">Martínez, Sergio A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30F51878F0A42EEAFBE86BE63996212C">Del Río, Claudia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F23A153514CAD5A7C9D598C16BB6345">Ramos, Maria Inês Feijó</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0392BB4BFFA3F5527D92FB59FDCBF8D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961806" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139582397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392BB4BFFA3F5527D92FB59FDCBF8D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392BB4BFFA3F5527D92FB59FDCBF8D5" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA3F5577D92FB59FEDCFB4F" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FB59FD31FB6D" blockId="17.[151,723,1198,1258]" box="[151,723,1198,1224]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<heading id="D0CCBD31FFA3F5577D92FB59FD31FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,723,1198,1224]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577D92FB59FD31FB6D" authority="(Marchesini Santos, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,723,1198,1224]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577D92FB59FD31FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,723,1198,1224]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577D92FB59FE6BFB6D" bold="true" box="[151,393,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Abertella pirabensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA3F5577C92FB59FD29FB6D" author="Marchesini" box="[407,715,1198,1224]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1958">Marchesini Santos, 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FB26FEDCFB4F" blockId="17.[151,723,1198,1258]" box="[151,318,1233,1258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA3F5577D92FB26FEE2FB4F" box="[151,256,1233,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1776,1798]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,462,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,451,1700]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities for taxa discussed in the text. Inset at lower left centers on the Santa Cruz region of Patagonia. Numbered occurrences correspond to unequivocal Iheringiella patagonensis localities (inside boxed region in main map): 1. Pampa Castillo, Chile (Andre Wyss, pers. comm.); 2. Cañadón El Lobo, Santa Cruz, Argentina (CPBA 16493-95); 3. Oven Point/Sholl's Tomb, Santa Cruz, Argentina (Ortmann 1902), Punta Cuevas, Santa Cruz, Argentina (MACN 4586 and Cuitiño 2011), Playa La Mina, Santa Cruz, Argentina (Cuitiño 2011); 4. Meseta Chica, Bajo de San Julián, Santa Cruz, Argentina (MACN 5144 and Cuitiño 2011); 5. Upper Rio Chalia, Santa Cruz, Argentina (Ortmann 1902); 6. Puerto Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Argentina (ROM 5433M, 5468M, 5469M); 7. Sector Flamenco, Tierra del Fuego, Chile (Larrain 1984)—reported to be from Eocene strata, but this is questionable (Mooi et al. 2000)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135774/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA3F5577C0BFB25FEFCFB4F" box="[270,286,1234,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA3F5577C2FFB25FED8FB4F" box="[298,314,1234,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">9</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA3F5577D92FAEEFC88FAC9" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FAEEFCB7FA8A" blockId="17.[151,1401,1305,1419]" box="[151,853,1305,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
1958
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577DD5FAEEFD84FA8A" authority="Marchesini Santos" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" authorityYear="1958" box="[208,614,1305,1327]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" genus="Karlaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577DD5FAEEFE43FA8A" box="[208,417,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Karlaster pirabensis</emphasis>
Marchesini Santos
</taxonomicName>
: 16–19, pl. 5: figs. 1–3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FACFFC7FFAEB" blockId="17.[151,1401,1305,1419]" box="[151,925,1336,1358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
1979
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577DD5FACFFDDEFAEB" authority="Santos-Brito" authorityName="Santos-Brito" box="[208,572,1336,1358]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" genus="Karlaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577DD5FACFFE43FAEB" box="[208,417,1336,1358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Karlaster pirabensis</emphasis>
Santos—Brito
</taxonomicName>
: 736–738, pl. 3: fig. 1, pl. 4: fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FAA1FC88FAC9" blockId="17.[151,1401,1305,1419]" box="[151,874,1366,1388]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
1997
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577DD5FAA1FD8CFAC9" authority="(Marchesini Santos)" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[208,622,1366,1388]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577DD5FAA1FE7CFAC9" box="[208,414,1366,1388]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Abertella pirabensis</emphasis>
(Marchesini Santos)
</taxonomicName>
—Martínez &amp; Mooi: 61.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA3F5577D92FA82FA9BFA2E" box="[151,1401,1397,1419]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FA82FA9BFA2E" blockId="17.[151,1401,1305,1419]" box="[151,1401,1397,1419]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
2000
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577DD5FA82FD93FA2E" authority="(Marchesini Santos)" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[208,625,1397,1419]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577DD5FA82FE7CFA2E" box="[208,414,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Abertella pirabensis</emphasis>
(Marchesini Santos)
</taxonomicName>
(as senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577E58FA82FB4EFA2E" authority="Brito 1986" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1986" box="[861,1196,1397,1419]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577E58FA82FBD8FA2E" box="[861,1082,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Abertella complanata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA3F5577945FA82FB4EFA2E" author="Brito" box="[1088,1196,1397,1419]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Brito, I. M. (1986) Abertella complanata Brito (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) da Formacao Pirabas (Para, Brasil). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Nova Serie, Geologia, 28, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1986">Brito 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)—Mooi
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577809FA81FADDFA2E" box="[1292,1343,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
: 266.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA3F5577D92FA40FDDBF998" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577D92FA40FDDBF998" blockId="17.[151,1437,1463,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577D92FA40FEF3FA75" bold="true" box="[151,273,1463,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
An
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA3F5577C44FA4FFE4BFA75" authorityName="Durham" authorityYear="1953" box="[321,425,1464,1488]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577C44FA4FFE4BFA75" box="[321,425,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Abertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the posterior notch is deep and sharply defined, the periproct just barely between the second pair of posterior interambulacral postbasicoronals, and the length of the disjunction between the interambulacral basicoronal and first postbasicoronals much less than half the length of the corresponding basicoronal in paired interambulacra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA3F5577DC2F9B0FBB9F9C5" box="[199,1115,1607,1632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577DC2F9B0FBB9F9C5" blockId="17.[151,1437,1463,2029]" box="[199,1115,1607,1632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577DC2F9B0FE31F9C5" bold="true" box="[199,467,1607,1632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Type material studied.</emphasis>
The holotype, DNPM 4493, is the only known specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA3F5527DC2F99BFE14FD20" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577DC2F99BFECEF8B0" blockId="17.[151,1437,1463,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA3F5577DC2F99BFEBBF920" bold="true" box="[199,345,1644,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Description.</emphasis>
In general, the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA3F5577E14F99BFBD1F920" box="[785,1075,1644,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Marchesini Santos (1958)</bibRefCitation>
is accurate and detailed, except for the instances discussed below. Her images do not satisfy modern standards, and we provide additional images of both surfaces, detailed views of the oral surface and wall of the notch, and a reconstructed plate map (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA3F5577826F943FA90F969" box="[1315,1394,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA3F557787BF943FA6CF969" box="[1406,1422,1716,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">9</figureCitation>
). The following description is of the same format as for placatenellid species discussed above, to facilitate comparisons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA3F5577DC2F8E8FBCFF848" blockId="17.[151,1437,1463,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<typeStatus id="5480B4FFFFA3F5577DC2F8E8FECDF89D" box="[199,303,1823,1848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA3F5577C44F8E8FE5FF89D" box="[321,445,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
) approximately
<quantity id="4CC3A7B8FFA3F5577F7FF8E8FD29F892" box="[634,715,1823,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
TL (as defined in
<tableCitation id="C6B93FE6FFA3F5577EA3F8E8FC18F89D" box="[934,1018,1823,1848]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="19.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Camachoaster maquedensis n. gen., n. sp.: measurements (in mm) of holotype and both paratypes from the Chenque Formation, Punta Maqueda, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina." pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Ratio of width to length including lobes on either side of notch 1.21. Aboral surface slightly domed, oral surface extremely flat, nearly planar and without significant sculpting or radial depressions. Highest point of test approximately 11% TL, located at apical system. Well-defined posterior notch, depth estimated to be approximately 11% TL, width approximately 10% TL at ambitus, notch widening near ambitus. Marginal indentations extremely shallow where perradial suture meets ambitus in posterior paired ambulacra, nearly absent in anterior paired ambulacra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA0F5547DC2FF60FB5DFF5D" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Apical system monobasal, star-shaped, 54% TL from ocular III to anterior edge of test, length 9% TL, numerous hydropores scattered over madreporic plate. Four gonopores, one in each of paired interambulacra and located at suture between madreporic plate and first adapical plates of interambulacral column.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA0F5547DC2FEF3FEC4FD69" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
Ambulacra petaloid adapically. Posterior paired petals (I and V) longest, but only slightly so, each extending 65% of corresponding test radius, but 34% TL; anterior paired petals (II and IV) 62% of corresponding test radius, but 33% TL; anterior unpaired (III) shortest, 61% of corresponding test radius, but 32% TL. Petal V width at widest point 13% TL, interporiferous zone 4% TL; petal IV width 13% TL, interporiferous zone 5% TL; petal III width 15% TL, interporiferous zone 6% TL. Petals not obviously lyrate, but have outer edges of each pore pair column in a given petal parallel for most of its length, petals almost closed distally, with three or four trailing tube feet at distal end of each column of respiratory tube feet. Respiratory tube foot pore pairs strongly conjugated, inner pore slightly elongate or almost circular, outer pore extremely elongated, comprising about two thirds length of pore pair, apparently subdivided by stereom septae. Five or six occluded plates present at tips of petals. At ambitus, ambulacra greatly widened, forming strip-like ambital plates, curving strongly adapically to form test wall along each side of posterior notch (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA0F5547CE0FD9BFDD4FD21" box="[485,566,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA0F5547F41FD9BFD6FFD21" box="[580,653,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">9C, D</figureCitation>
). Ambulacra all in agreement with Lovén’s Rule (
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA0F55479C8FD9AFAE9FD21" box="[1229,1291,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA0F5547811FD9BFF31FD0D" author="David" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="David, B., Mooi, R. &amp; Telford, M. (1996) The ontogenetic basis of Loven's Rule clarifies homologies of the echinoid peristome. In: Emson, R., Smith, A. B. &amp; Campbell, A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research 1995. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 164." type="journal article" year="1996">
David
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA0F5547867FD9AFA77FD21" box="[1378,1429,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">et al</emphasis>
. 1996
</bibRefCitation>
). Ambulacral basicoronal plates all similar, narrow and straight with almost parallel radial sutures on each side (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA0F5547DD6FD43FEFBFD69" box="[211,281,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF445AD5FFA0F5547D92F8A2FE3EF862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" targetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA0F5547D92F8A2FE3EF862" blockId="18.[151,1436,1877,1991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA0F5547D92F8A2FEF1F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1877,1899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA0F5547C1CF8A2FD1EF8CE" authority="(Marchesini Santos, 1958)" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" authorityYear="1958" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[281,764,1877,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA0F5547C1CF8A2FE0AF8CE" box="[281,488,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Abertella pirabensis</emphasis>
(Marchesini Santos, 1958)
</taxonomicName>
, photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF445AD5FFA1F5557D92FF6FFC64FF6A" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA1F5557D92FF6FFC64FF6A" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557D92FF6FFEE8FF0A" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA1F5557C17FF60FDDDFF0A" authority="Mooi &amp; Martínez &amp; Del Río &amp; Ramos, 2018" authorityName="Mooi &amp; Martínez &amp; Del Río &amp; Ramos" authorityYear="2018" box="[274,575,151,175]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Camachoaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maquedensis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557C17FF60FDDDFF0A" box="[274,575,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Camachoaster maquedensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C6B34FFA1F5557F43FF6FFD3FFF0A" box="[582,733,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rank="species">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C6B34FFA1F5557F43FF6FFD70FF0A" box="[582,658,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557F43FF6FFD70FF0A" bold="true" box="[582,658,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557FA5FF6FFD3FFF0A" bold="true" box="[672,733,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: measurements (in mm) of holotype and both paratypes from the Chenque Formation, Punta Maqueda, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA1F5557E3EFF1CFAE1F99E" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<table id="F93BF8FDFFA10AB97D9AFF1DFA68F9FF" box="[159,1418,234,1626]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFF1DFA68FEBA" box="[159,1418,234,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFF1DFC0CFEBA" box="[827,1006,234,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557E3EFF1CFCA1FEBA" bold="true" box="[827,926,235,287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Holotype (</emphasis>
MACN-Pi 5809
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557EE3FEFFFC0CFEBA" bold="true" box="[998,1006,264,287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FF1DFB5AFEBA" box="[1029,1208,234,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557900FF1CFBEFFEBA" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Paratype 1 (</emphasis>
MACN-Pi 5859
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F55579B5FEFFFB5AFEBA" bold="true" box="[1200,1208,264,287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FF1DFA68FEBA" box="[1239,1418,234,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F55579D2FF1CFB3DFEBA" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Paratype 2 (</emphasis>
MACN-Pi 5860
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA1F5557887FEFFFA68FEBA" bold="true" box="[1410,1418,264,287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFEC5FA68FE23" box="[159,1418,306,390]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFEC5FCC4FE23" box="[159,806,306,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Test length (from junction of perradial suture of ambulacrum III with anterior edge of test to junction of interradial suture of interambulacrum 5 with posterior edge of test [inside notch])</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFEC5FC0CFE23" box="[827,1006,306,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">59.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FEC5FB5AFE23" box="[1029,1208,306,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">55.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FEC5FA68FE23" box="[1239,1418,306,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">57.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFE6EFA68FE6B" box="[159,1418,409,462]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFE6EFCC4FE6B" box="[159,806,409,462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Test width (maximum, estimated for second paratype by doubling width of left side of test to center of peristome)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFE6EFC0CFE6B" box="[827,1006,409,462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">72.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FE6EFB5AFE6B" box="[1029,1208,409,462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">67.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FE6EFA68FE6B" box="[1239,1418,409,462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">68.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFE16FA68FE52" box="[159,1418,481,503]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFE16FCC4FE52" box="[159,806,481,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Test height (at apical system)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFE16FC0CFE52" box="[827,1006,481,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">6.4</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FE16FB5AFE52" box="[1029,1208,481,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">5.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FE16FA68FE52" box="[1239,1418,481,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFDFDFA68FD85" box="[159,1418,522,544]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFDFDFCC4FD85" box="[159,806,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Ratio of test width to length</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFDFDFC0CFD85" box="[827,1006,522,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">1.22</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FDFDFB5AFD85" box="[1029,1208,522,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">1.23</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FDFDFA68FD85" box="[1239,1418,522,544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">1.19</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFDC3FA68FD22" box="[159,1418,564,647]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFDC3FCC4FD22" box="[159,806,564,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Depth of posterior notch (from junction of interradial suture of interambulacrum 5 to a line drawn between the posteriormost extensions of the lobes adjacent to the notch)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFDC3FC0CFD22" box="[827,1006,564,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">0.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FDC3FB5AFD22" box="[1029,1208,564,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">0.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FDC3FA68FD22" box="[1239,1418,564,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFD6DFA68FD6A" box="[159,1418,666,719]" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFD6DFCC4FD6A" box="[159,806,666,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Apex position (from anterior edge of test to anterior edge of madreporic plate)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFD6DFC0CFD6A" box="[827,1006,666,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">29.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FD6DFB5AFD6A" box="[1029,1208,666,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">26.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FD6DFA68FD6A" box="[1239,1418,666,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">27.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFD15FA68FCB2" box="[159,1418,738,791]" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFD15FCC4FCB2" box="[159,806,738,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Ambulacrum I length (from corresponding ocular to intersection of perradial suture and ambitus)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFD15FC0CFCB2" box="[827,1006,738,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">31.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FD15FB5AFCB2" box="[1029,1208,738,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">27.7</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FD15FA68FCB2" box="[1239,1418,738,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">28.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFCDDFA68FCFA" box="[159,1418,810,863]" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFCDDFCC4FCFA" box="[159,806,810,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Ambulacrum II length (from corresponding ocular to intersection of perradial suture and ambitus)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFCDDFC0CFCFA" box="[827,1006,810,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">32.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FCDDFB5AFCFA" box="[1029,1208,810,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">29.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FCDDFA68FCFA" box="[1239,1418,810,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">30.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFC85FA68FC02" box="[159,1418,882,935]" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFC85FCC4FC02" box="[159,806,882,935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Ambulacrum III length (from corresponding ocular to intersection of perradial suture and ambitus)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFC85FC0CFC02" box="[827,1006,882,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">29.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FC85FB5AFC02" box="[1029,1208,882,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">26.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FC85FA68FC02" box="[1239,1418,882,935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">27.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFC4DFA68FC4A" box="[159,1418,954,1007]" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFC4DFCC4FC4A" box="[159,806,954,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid I length (from corresponding ocular to point at which trailing tube feet start)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFC4DFC0CFC4A" box="[827,1006,954,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">17.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FC4DFB5AFC4A" box="[1029,1208,954,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">15.4</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FC4DFA68FC4A" box="[1239,1418,954,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">17.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFBF5FA68FBBD" box="[159,1418,1026,1048]" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFBF5FCC4FBBD" box="[159,806,1026,1048]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid I width (at widest point)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFBF5FC0CFBBD" box="[827,1006,1026,1048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">7.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FBF5FB5AFBBD" box="[1029,1208,1026,1048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">5.9</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FBF5FA68FBBD" box="[1239,1418,1026,1048]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFBDBFA68FBE7" box="[159,1418,1068,1090]" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFBDBFCC4FBE7" box="[159,806,1068,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid I interporiferous zone width (at widest point)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFBDBFC0CFBE7" box="[827,1006,1068,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FBDBFB5AFBE7" box="[1029,1208,1068,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FBDBFA68FBE7" box="[1239,1418,1068,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFBA2FA68FB2F" box="[159,1418,1109,1162]" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFBA2FCC4FB2F" box="[159,806,1109,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid II length (from corresponding ocular to point at which trailing tube feet start)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFBA2FC0CFB2F" box="[827,1006,1109,1162]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">16.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FBA2FB5AFB2F" box="[1029,1208,1109,1162]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">15.4</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FBA2FA68FB2F" box="[1239,1418,1109,1162]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">15.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFB6AFA68FB16" box="[159,1418,1181,1203]" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFB6AFCC4FB16" box="[159,806,1181,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid II width (at widest point)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFB6AFC0CFB16" box="[827,1006,1181,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">7.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FB6AFB5AFB16" box="[1029,1208,1181,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">5.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FB6AFA68FB16" box="[1239,1418,1181,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">6.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFB31FA68FB79" box="[159,1418,1222,1244]" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFB31FCC4FB79" box="[159,806,1222,1244]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid II interporiferous zone width (at widest point)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFB31FC0CFB79" box="[827,1006,1222,1244]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.7</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FB31FB5AFB79" box="[1029,1208,1222,1244]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.3</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FB31FA68FB79" box="[1239,1418,1222,1244]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">3.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFB07FA68FA81" box="[159,1418,1264,1316]" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFB07FCC4FA81" box="[159,806,1264,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid III length (from corresponding ocular to point at which trailing tube feet start)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFB07FC0CFA81" box="[827,1006,1264,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">16.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FB07FB5AFA81" box="[1029,1208,1264,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">14.1</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FB07FA68FA81" box="[1239,1418,1264,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">16.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFACFFA68FAEB" box="[159,1418,1336,1358]" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFACFFCC4FAEB" box="[159,806,1336,1358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid III width (at widest point)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFACFFC0CFAEB" box="[827,1006,1336,1358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">7.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FACFFB5AFAEB" box="[1029,1208,1336,1358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">6.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FACFFA68FAEB" box="[1239,1418,1336,1358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">7.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFA96FA68FAD2" box="[159,1418,1377,1399]" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFA96FCC4FAD2" box="[159,806,1377,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Petaloid III interporiferous zone width (at widest point)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFA96FC0CFAD2" box="[827,1006,1377,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">3.4</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FA96FB5AFAD2" box="[1029,1208,1377,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">3.1</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FA96FA68FAD2" box="[1239,1418,1377,1399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">3.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFA7DFA68FA05" box="[159,1418,1418,1440]" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFA7DFCC4FA05" box="[159,806,1418,1440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Peristome length</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFA7DFC0CFA05" box="[827,1006,1418,1440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FA7DFB5AFA05" box="[1029,1208,1418,1440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.8</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FA7DFA68FA05" box="[1239,1418,1418,1440]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFA43FA68FA4D" box="[159,1418,1460,1512]" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFA43FCC4FA4D" box="[159,806,1460,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Peristome position (anterior edge of test to anterior edge of peristome)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFA43FC0CFA4D" box="[827,1006,1460,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">30.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FA43FB5AFA4D" box="[1029,1208,1460,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">27.0</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FA43FA68FA4D" box="[1239,1418,1460,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">28.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AFA0BFA68F9B7" box="[159,1418,1532,1554]" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AFA0BFCC4F9B7" box="[159,806,1532,1554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Periproct length</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EFA0BFC0CF9B7" box="[827,1006,1532,1554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">1.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900FA0BFB5AF9B7" box="[1029,1208,1532,1554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">1.2</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2FA0BFA68F9B7" box="[1239,1418,1532,1554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B081FFFA10AB97D9AF9D2FA68F9FF" box="[159,1418,1573,1626]" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<th id="76DA6163FFA10AB97D9AF9D2FCC4F9FF" box="[159,806,1573,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Periproct position (anterior edge of test to anterior edge of periproct)</th>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97E3EF9D2FC0CF9FF" box="[827,1006,1573,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">53.5</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB97900F9D2FB5AF9FF" box="[1029,1208,1573,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">52.1</td>
<td id="76DA6163FFA10AB979D2F9D2FA68F9FF" box="[1239,1418,1573,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">54.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA1F5527DC2F96DFEA5FF70" blockId="19.[151,1436,1690,2003]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
Interambulacra narrow and straight on oral surface, narrowing towards ambitus, but containing paired, zig-zag plates right up to madreporic plate. On oral surface, three or four postbasicoronal plates in each halfinterambulacrum in interambulacrum 5, four or five in the other interambulacra. Widest point of interambulacra 1 and 4 at first or second postbasicoronals, about one third of way to ambitus, narrowing distally to about two thirds that width so that paired interambulacra about 21% width of adjacent ambulacra at ambitus. In each paired interambulacrum, first postbasicoronal slightly elongated, two to three times as long as wide in posterior paired interambulacra, three to four times as long as wide in anterior paired interambulacra. Unpaired, posterior interambulacrum narrowing as it approaches ambitus inside notch (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA1F5557EBEF861FBE5F80A" box="[955,1031,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). All interambulacral basicoronals discontinuous, separated from first postbasicoronals by adjacent ambulacral first postbasicoronals, very widely so in interambulacrum 5 (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527CB6FF60FE13FF15" box="[435,497,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig.4</figureCitation>
), but by far less than half length of a corresponding basicoronal in paired interambulacra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FF28FA76FEC1" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Peristome circular, relatively small, about 4% TL, with distinct perradial process in each ambulacrum extending into peristome beyond slight bulge containing sphaeridium. Anterior edge of peristome 54% TL from anterior edge of test. Periproct small, about 4% TL, situated 90% TL from anterior edge of test, just barely between second pair of postbasicoronals, with slight apparent contact with one of the first pair of postbasicoronals (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527844FEBBFA64FEC1" box="[1345,1414,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FE98FBC9FE09" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Aboral tuberculation homogeneous, oral tuberculation nearly so, without discernible enlargement of tubercles in oral interambulacral regions. Tube foot pores visible in food grooves (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527EC0FE63FBFCFE09" box="[965,1054,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FE40FCEBFD98" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Food grooves well developed (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527F1AFE40FD8CFE75" box="[543,622,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527F7FFE4FFD5FFE75" box="[634,701,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">9B, C</figureCitation>
), restricted to oral surface, with primary bifurcation near adapical ends of ambulacral basicoronal plates. After this branch point, food grooves continuously diverging as they approach ambitus. Secondary branching faint or non-existent. No significant depressions along perradial sutures on oral surface, no evidence of pressure drainage channels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FDB0FE14FD20" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<materialsCitation id="3B530000FFA6F5527DC2FDB0FE14FD20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482790" country="Brazil" location="Ponta de Pirabas" municipality="Ilha de Fortaleza" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527DC2FDB0FEBBFDC5" bold="true" box="[199,345,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Occurrence.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527C65FDBFFE16FDC5" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[352,500,584,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527C65FDBFFE16FDC5" box="[352,500,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the early Miocene Pirabas Formation,
<location id="8EE45C86FFA6F552798DFDBFFAA6FDC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392BB4BFFA3F5527D92FB59FDCBF8D5:8EE45C86FFA6F552798DFDBFFAA6FDC5" box="[1160,1348,583,608]" country="Brazil" municipality="Ilha de Fortaleza" name="Ponta de Pirabas" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" stateProvince="Para">Ponta de Pirabas</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE09027FFA6F552784AFDB0FEE0FD20" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Ilha de Fortaleza</collectingMunicipality>
, State of
<collectingRegion id="49FFC4BFFFA6F5527C6FFD9BFE7DFD21" box="[362,415,620,644]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C4ACDFFA6F5527CAFFD9BFE10FD20" box="[426,498,620,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32159D6FFA6F5527DC2FD78FDCBF8D5" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FD78FAABFB91" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527DC2FD78FED9FD0D" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Remarks.</emphasis>
We suggest that all previous attempts to allocate this taxon to a genus were incorrect to some degree. We were able to confirm the original suggestion, indicated by the figures of
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F552794FFD43FA8EFD68" box="[1098,1388,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Marchesini Santos (1958)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527D92FD20FEC6FD55" author="Brito" box="[151,292,727,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Brito, I. M. (1979) Clipeasteroides Cenozoicos do Brasil (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 54, 729 - 740." type="journal article" year="1979">Brito (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, that all interambulacra are discontinuous. This alone suggests that the attempts to place
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F552780DFD2FFA79FD55" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1288,1435,728,752]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F552780DFD2FFA79FD55" box="[1288,1435,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527DDAFD0BFDB5FCB0" authority="Lahille, 1896" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1896" box="[223,599,764,789]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Monophorasteridae
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527CC4FD0BFDB5FCB0" author="Lahille" box="[449,599,764,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Lahille, F. (1896) Variabilite et affinites du Monophora darwini. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 7, 411 - 444." type="journal article" year="1896">Lahille, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are misguided because all the interambulacra of all species in that family are broadly continuous, both postbasicoronal plates being in contact with the basicoronal, with a minor exception in a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527C53FCB2FE2FFCF9" box="[342,461,836,860]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" genus="Monophoraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="telfordi">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527C53FCB2FE2FFCF9" box="[342,461,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">M. telfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527F0DFCB3FD2AFCF8" author="Mooi" box="[520,712,836,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Mooi, R., Martinez, S. &amp; del Rio, C. J. (2016) A new South American Miocene species of ' one-holed' sand dollar (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida: Monophorasteridae). Zootaxa, 4173 (1), 45 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4173.1.4" type="journal article" year="2016">
Mooi
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527F49FCB2FD66FCF9" box="[588,644,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527FDFFCB3FBE1FCF9" author="Martinez" box="[730,1027,836,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Martinez, S. &amp; Mooi, R. (1997) &quot; Karlaster &quot; pirabensis from the Brazilian Miocene is a species of Abertella (Scutellina, Echinoidea), not a monophorasterid. 158 Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Sao Paulo, 1997, 61." type="journal article" year="1997">Martínez and Mooi (1997)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F552793FFCB3FAEAFCF9" box="[1082,1288,836,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Mooi, R., Martinez, S. &amp; Parma, S. G. (2000) Phylogenetic systematics of Tertiary monophorasterid sand dollars (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from South America. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (2), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000031486" type="journal article">
Mooi
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F552797BFCB2FB54FCF9" box="[1150,1206,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
compared
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527881FCB3FEEEFC25" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527881FCB3FEEEFC25" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with what was then known as
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527F75FC9FFC87FC25" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1986" box="[624,869,872,896]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527F75FC9FFC87FC25" box="[624,869,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Abertella complanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(here placed in the new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F55279C8FC9FFAB8FC25" authority="Mooi &amp; Martínez &amp; Del Río &amp; Ramos, 2018" authorityName="Mooi &amp; Martínez &amp; Del Río &amp; Ramos" authorityYear="2018" box="[1229,1370,872,896]" class="Echinoidea" family="Eoscutellidae" genus="Placatenella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="306" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F55279C8FC9FFAB8FC25" box="[1229,1370,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Placatenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and became convinced that
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527CA1FC7BFDABFC01" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1986" box="[420,585,908,932]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527CA1FC7BFDABFC01" box="[420,585,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. complanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527E70FC7BFBE8FC01" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[885,1034,908,932]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527E70FC7BFBE8FC01" box="[885,1034,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this was before the oral surface plate pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527CB7FC47FDABFC6D" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[434,585,944,968]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527CB7FC47FDABFC6D" box="[434,585,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be confirmed to be of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527ED9FC47FBA6FC6D" authorityName="Durham" authorityYear="1953" box="[988,1092,944,968]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527ED9FC47FBA6FC6D" box="[988,1092,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Abertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
configuration. Moreover, the hitherto unknown plate architecture of the oral surface of what we here recognize as
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527950FC23FA92FC49" baseAuthorityName="Brito" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1109,1392,980,1004]" class="Echinoidea" family="Eoscutellidae" genus="Placatenella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527950FC23FA92FC49" box="[1109,1392,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Placatenella complanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has turned out to be unique among all taxa with a posterior notch because all the oral interambulacra are continuous. This is clearly unlike any
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527CBCFBEBFDC3FB91" authorityName="Durham" authorityYear="1953" box="[441,545,1052,1076]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527CBCFBEBFDC3FB91" box="[441,545,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Abertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and undermines any relation between
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527EDDFBEBFB8EFB91" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[984,1132,1052,1076]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527EDDFBEBFB8EFB91" box="[984,1132,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F55279A6FBEAFAA0FB91" baseAuthorityName="Brito" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1187,1346,1052,1076]" class="Echinoidea" family="Eoscutellidae" genus="Placatenella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F55279A6FBEAFAA0FB91" box="[1187,1346,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">P. complanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FBC8FD80FB61" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
The conclusion is that the only known specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527E3CFBB7FC30FBFD" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[825,978,1088,1112]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527E3CFBB7FC30FBFD" box="[825,978,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="5480B4FFFFA6F5527929FBC8FB73FBFD" box="[1068,1169,1087,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, described as the
<typeStatus id="5480B4FFFFA6F5527869FBB7FA7EFBFD" box="[1388,1436,1088,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">type</typeStatus>
specimen of a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527CD7FB93FDDEFBD9" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" authorityYear="1958" box="[466,572,1124,1148]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" genus="Karlaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527CD7FB93FDDEFBD9" box="[466,572,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Karlaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527F70FB93FC40FBD8" box="[629,930,1124,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Marchesini Santos (1958)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527EB5FB93FAB2FBD8" authority="Marchesini Santos (1958)" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" authorityYear="1958" box="[944,1360,1124,1149]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" genus="Karlaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527EB5FB93FBFEFBD9" box="[944,1052,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Karlaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527923FB93FAB2FBD8" box="[1062,1360,1124,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Marchesini Santos (1958)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is not recognized by the present revision, and in this respect, we follow the work of
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F552792BFB70FAE4FB05" box="[1070,1286,1159,1184]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Mooi, R., Martinez, S. &amp; Parma, S. G. (2000) Phylogenetic systematics of Tertiary monophorasterid sand dollars (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from South America. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (2), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000031486" type="journal article">
Mooi
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527970FB7EFB53FB05" box="[1141,1201,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
in regarding
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527D92FB5BFEE1FB61" authorityName="Marchesini Santos" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,259,1196,1220]" class="Echinoidea" family="Monophorasteridae" genus="Karlaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527D92FB5BFEE1FB61" box="[151,259,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Karlaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527CF7FB5BFDB8FB61" authorityName="Durham" authorityYear="1953" box="[498,602,1196,1220]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527CF7FB5BFDB8FB61" box="[498,602,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Abertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2FB26FC25F9AD" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
We have been unable to support the assertion by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527FE3FB38FBE4FB4D" box="[742,1030,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Marchesini Santos (1958)</bibRefCitation>
that
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527938FB27FB33FB4D" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1085,1233,1232,1256]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527938FB27FB33FB4D" box="[1085,1233,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessed an anal lunule. Breakage along the posterior edge of the only known specimen would have rendered it impossible to make the determination that the distal parts of the lobes meet again at the ambitus. However, the curvature of the ambulacral plate sutures on either side of the posterior indentation is not consistent with that observed in all other scutelliforms that possess an anal lunule. The anal lunule of all mellitids and monophorasterids possesses walls constructed of interambulacral plates in the cross-linked pattern (
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527E73FA72FC56FA39" box="[886,948,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527EB9FA73FB8AFA39" author="Seilacher" box="[956,1128,1412,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Seilacher, A. (1979) Constructional morphology of sand dollars. Paleobiology, 5, 191 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300006527" type="journal article" year="1979">Seilacher 1979</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527971FA73FB29FA39" box="[1140,1227,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[365,1223,193,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[365,1223,193,1866]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Camachoaster maquedensis n. sp., details of test features. A: Holotype MACN-Pi 5809, pencil marks indicating partialaboral plate architecture in regionwithin andaround petal in ambulacrum II, gonoporesindicated by white arrows, pores of trailing tube feet by black arrows. B: Paratype MACN-Pi 5859, complete aboral ambulacrum IV showing shape of petal. C: Holotype MACN-Pi 5809, details of tuberculation, food groove (black arrow), and peristome (peristomial projection indicated by white arrow).All scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135788/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F55279D2FA73FA7BFA39" author="Mooi" box="[1239,1433,1412,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Mooi, R., Martinez, S. &amp; Parma, S. G. (2000) Phylogenetic systematics of Tertiary monophorasterid sand dollars (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from South America. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (2), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000031486" type="journal article" year="2000">
Mooi
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527819FA72FAB7FA39" box="[1308,1365,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 4.4), a situation than can be considered diagnostic for the anal lunule. In
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F552790CFA5FFB7FFA65" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1033,1181,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F552790CFA5FFB7FFA65" box="[1033,1181,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are no traces of the cross-linked pattern, leading us to reconstruct
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527E04FA3BFC7FFA41" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[769,925,1484,1508]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527E04FA3BFC7FFA41" box="[769,925,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a notch of moderate depth through extrapolation of the aforementioned ambulacral plate curvatures (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527E70FA18FC58F9AD" box="[885,954,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,218,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of oral plate architecture of Iheringiella patagonensis (Desor, 1847) (based on ROM 5433M), Abertella gualichensisMartínez et al., 2005(based on the holotype,MACN-Pi 4706),Abertella pirabensis(Marchesini Santos, 1958) (reconstruction based on the holotype and only known specimen, DNPM 4493, details of interambulcrum 2 inferred by comparison with interambulacrum 4, and of ambulacrum V by comparison with ambulacrum I), and Placatenella complanata (Brito, 1981) (based on the holotype, MNRJ 5460-I, as well as MNRJ 5536-I, MPEG 886-I, MPEG 2405-I). Food grooves indicated by dotted lines, peristome and periproctin solid black, interambulacra shaded, scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135780/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B840A5DFFA6F5527DC2F9E3FDCBF8D5" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Examination of the anterior wall of the notch reveals no evidence for the existence of an opening that could be interpreted as a periproct (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527CC9F9C0FDC8F9F5" box="[460,554,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA77ACFFA6F5527F44F9C0FC8BF9F5" box="[577,873,1591,1616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Marchesini Santos, M. E. (1958) Equinoides Miocenicos da Formacao Pirabas. Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia, Boletim, 179, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Marchesini Santos (1958)</bibRefCitation>
appears to have been correct in interpreting the aperture on the oral surface as the periproct. It is neither a trace of an anal lunule, nor damage to the fossil. However, there does appear to be some damage to the test around the edges of the aperture, causing enlargement that could explain why the periproct appears to be in slight contact with the first interambulacral postbasicoronals (
<figureCitation id="130016D8FFA6F5527D9AF930FF1AF945" box="[159,248,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[166,1430,755,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Abertella pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), photographs of the holotype, DNPM 4493. A: Aboral surface. B: Oral surface. C. Strongly side-lighted detail of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow), food groove (black arrow), tuberculation, and periproct (p). D. Oblique, nearly edge-on view of posterior edge showing notch (white arrow) and periproct (p). Scale bars 10 mm in length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). The periproct of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527CCDF93FFDBEF945" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[456,604,1736,1760]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527CCDF93FFDBEF945" box="[456,604,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is between the second pair of interambulacral postbasicoronals, not solely enclosed within the first pair as in all monophorasterids. Therefore, the periproct position of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F55279BCF91BFAADF8A1" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1209,1359,1772,1796]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F55279BCF91BFAADF8A1" box="[1209,1359,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is like that of abertellids, but not of monophorasterids. The unequal development of the interambulacral basicoronals is also very similar to the condition seen in other
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527FA6F8C3FCE9F8E9" authorityName="Durham" authorityYear="1953" box="[675,779,1844,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527FA6F8C3FCE9F8E9" box="[675,779,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Abertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notably
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527E76F8C3FC14F8E9" box="[883,1014,1844,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miskellyi">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527E76F8C3FC14F8E9" box="[883,1014,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. miskellyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, further undermining placement of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B71DEFFA6F5527881F8C3FEEEF8D5" baseAuthorityName="Marchesini Santos" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Echinoidea" family="Abertellidae" genus="Abertella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pirabensis">
<emphasis id="B94FD64FFFA6F5527881F8C3FEEEF8D5" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. pirabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the monophorasterids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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