196 lines
21 KiB
XML
196 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="D8F9EDE2BBEC189815FB1D87C47F5425" ID-CLB-Dataset="46097" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16f488d9-eb77-4ff5-a7ce-99eeb7875371" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252218" ID-ZooBank="D5E03502-7BD3-41F4-A4CF-5537B1462A23" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460404217522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Makarkin, Vladimir N. & Archibald, S. Bruce" docDate="2014" docId="039287A3FE19370D23C76BE2FDADFAAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03784p444.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3784 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Florissantoraphidia Makarkin & Archibald, 2014, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="432" masterDocId="FFABFFDBFE06371223506A3EFFE0FF82" masterDocTitle="A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="432" updateTime="1698299590966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="15B484CA108C060A86DD0B25B58A26E8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A409BBB5CC705DBA3D1DF7676B594A40">
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<mods:title id="B8D464522B8906A55173B759B64DD3C4">A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9D6AE1F27C595A2975E813DA2ABCBC27">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02763DF6D293BF3ED8A3C19A285402EE">Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="200E2FF12EBAC031603D8FC7D24F8335">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5D7ACF909A68644E60C6D00478614AE0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BF5197E7C4CC2F846953FA3150B58FBE">
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<mods:date id="2F4AD7AB16F4DFE22BCC26B3A13150B6">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="33A82595AB1369FA846C1888640C8200" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2404638F623738182E68F53950E6362B">3784</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="51F861488E9047B7F4C50E33A7B15749" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7E8ACE5EF958D28A7139C214CEA3E57B">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="13585ADBEA910939762C09CBF30F5E28" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039287A3FE19370D23C76BE2FDADFAAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131165" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119420860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A3FE19370D23C76BE2FDADFAAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A3FE19370D23C76BE2FDADFAAD" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<subSubSection id="C321653EFE19370D23C76BE2FDB4FE74" box="[151,596,476,502]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D23C76BE2FDB4FE74" blockId="31.[151,596,476,502]" box="[151,596,476,502]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<heading id="D0CC81D9FE19370D23C76BE2FDB4FE74" bold="true" box="[151,596,476,502]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23C76BE2FDB4FE74" bold="true" box="[151,596,476,502]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D23BE6BE2FE3FFE74" ID-CoL="4KJM" box="[238,479,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Florissantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23BE6BE2FE3FFE74" bold="true" box="[238,479,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Florissantoraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57DCFE19370D22B66BE2FDB4FE74" box="[486,596,476,502]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653EFE19370D23C7681CFD7BFDB9" box="[151,667,546,571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D23C7681CFD7BFDB9" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" box="[151,667,546,571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23C7681CFED2FDB9" bold="true" box="[151,306,546,571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<typeStatus id="54808817FE19370D23C7681CFF32FDB9" box="[151,210,546,571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D2269681CFD78FDB9" authority="Engel, 2003" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2003" box="[313,664,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funerata">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D2269681CFDE5FDB9" box="[313,517,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Raphidia funerata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE19370D215C681CFD78FDB9" author="Engel" box="[524,664,546,571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refString="Engel, M. S. (2003) A new Eocene-Oligocene snakefly from Florissant, Colorado (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences, 106, 124 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1660 / 0022 - 8443 (2003) 106 [0124: anesff] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Engel, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653EFE19370D23976878FA6CFD6C" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D23976878FD9DFD48" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23976878FEA1FDDD" bold="true" box="[199,321,582,607]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Moderate-sized raphidiids (forewing ca.
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<quantity id="4CC39B50FE19370D206D6879FC74FDDC" box="[829,916,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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long); pterostigma long, rather pale, with incorporated branch of RA distinct; distal crossvein 3ra-rp located within pterostigma, far proximad its distal ending. In hind wing, 1r-m long, parallel to R; two
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D218068B0FD14FD25" box="[720,756,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">doi</emphasis>
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[one in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D201F68B0FC0DFD25" box="[847,1005,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Archiraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D201F68B0FC0DFD25" box="[847,1005,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Archiraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]; CuA pectinate, three-branched [onebranched in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D2271688CFE5EFD49" box="[289,446,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Archiraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D2271688CFE5EFD49" box="[289,446,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Archiraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D229D688CFD8DFD49" box="[461,621,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Megaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D229D688CFD8DFD49" box="[461,621,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Megaraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D239768E8FA6CFD6C" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" box="[199,1420,726,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D239768E8FE73FD6D" bold="true" box="[199,403,726,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Species included.</emphasis>
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Two species from Florissant,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D21B468E8FB34FD6D" authority="Rohwer, 1909" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1909" box="[740,1236,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Florissantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mortua">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D21B468E8FBFDFD6C" box="[740,1053,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Florissantoraphidia mortua</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE19370D277C68E8FB2CFD6D" author="Rohwer" box="[1068,1228,726,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refString="Rohwer, S. A. (1909) Three new fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. American Journal of Science, 28, 533 - 536. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 4 - 28.168.533" type="journal article" year="1909">Rohwer, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D265B68E9FA65FD6D" box="[1291,1413,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funerata">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D265B68E9FA65FD6D" box="[1291,1413,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">F. funerata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653EFE19370D239768C4FAF3FC90" box="[199,1299,762,787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D239768C4FAF3FC90" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" box="[199,1299,762,787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D239768C4FEAEFC91" bold="true" box="[199,334,762,787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From Florissant,
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<typeStatus id="54808817FE19370D214468C5FDA4FC91" box="[532,580,763,787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">type</typeStatus>
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locality of the
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<typeStatus id="54808817FE19370D21BE68C5FCFEFC91" box="[750,798,763,787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">type</typeStatus>
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species, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D20E468C4FBFBFC91" box="[948,1051,762,787]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D20E468C4FBFBFC91" box="[948,1051,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Raphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus-group name.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653EFE19370D23976920FDADFAAD" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D23976920FC58FC45" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23976920FEDBFCB5" bold="true" box="[199,315,798,823]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The three-branched pectinate CuA in the hind wing is the most distinctive feature of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D23C7697CFE99FCD9" box="[151,377,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Florissantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23C7697CFE99FCD9" box="[151,377,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Florissantoraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57DCFE19370D22D0697DFE06FCD8" box="[384,486,835,859]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Within the family, this condition occurs only in single species of the North
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<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE19370D266C697CFA7CFCD9" box="[1340,1436,834,859]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">America</collectingCountry>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D23B26958FECDFCFD" box="[226,301,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23B26958FECDFCFD" box="[226,301,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; to our knowledge, most other species in this genus normally possess a two-branched CuA as do some species of the Palearctic genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D211269B4FD34FC21" box="[578,724,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D211269B4FD34FC21" box="[578,724,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Phaeostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D21B369B4FC9CFC21" box="[739,892,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dichrostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D21B369B4FC9CFC21" box="[739,892,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Dichrostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D20DB69B4FBF8FC21" box="[907,1048,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Harraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D20DB69B4FBF8FC21" box="[907,1048,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Harraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D270669B4FE62FC45" authority="H. Aspock & U. Aspock, 1968" authorityName="H. Aspock & U. Aspock" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Mongoloraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D270669B4FAFBFC21" box="[1110,1307,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Mongoloraphidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE19370D267469B5FE62FC45" author="Aspock" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refString="Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. (1968 c) Vorlaufige Mitteilung zur generischen Klassifizierung der Raphidiodea (Insecta, Neuroptera). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1968" yearSuffix="c">H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968c</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. CuA is one-branched in other extant Raphiididae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D239769ECFD07FB41" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D239769ECFE49FC69" box="[199,425,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Florissantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D239769ECFE49FC69" box="[199,425,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Florissantoraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57DCFE19370D22E169EDFDF9FC68" box="[433,537,979,1003]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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may be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D200A69ECFC45FC69" box="[858,933,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D200A69ECFC45FC69" box="[858,933,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following character states: the costal space is narrower; the pterostigma is longer; 3ra-rp is located within the pterostigma [usually just distad pterostigma (very rarely in distal part of pterostigma) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D20496E24FC84FBB1" box="[793,868,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D20496E24FC84FBB1" box="[793,868,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; the basal 1r-m in the hind wing is long, running nearly parallel to RA [short, crossvein-like, inclined to RA at some angle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D20B96E00FBD4FBD5" box="[1001,1076,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D20B96E00FBD4FBD5" box="[1001,1076,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. The only known fossil species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D23E56E5CFEE0FBF9" box="[181,256,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D23E56E5CFEE0FBF9" box="[181,256,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D22706E5DFE2EFBF9" box="[288,462,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineralensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D22706E5DFE2EFBF9" box="[288,462,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">A. mineralensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from a single hind wing, whose characters agree well with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D27E96E5CFAE4FBF9" box="[1209,1284,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D27E96E5CFAE4FBF9" box="[1209,1284,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We consider it likely that ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE19370D22606EB8FE9BFB1D" box="[304,379,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Agulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D22606EB8FE9BFB1D" box="[304,379,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Agulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE19370D22DC6EB8FDD0FB1D" box="[396,560,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">protomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
from the Early Eocene Green River Formation does not belong to this genus, however (Archibald & Makarkin, ongoing research).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE19370D23976EF1FDADFAAD" blockId="31.[151,1436,546,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Some doubt remains as to the distinctiveness of the two species included here in the new genus, as differences present in their known fossils might possibly be intraspecific. We prefer to leave these separate, however, until future fossils may clarify this question.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |