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<mods:title id="33D401EC97B41485C3C3247C9624D577">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039287A1953DFFDACFF7596BFDE926D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4697732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4697732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A1953DFFDACFF7596BFDE926D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A1953DFFDACFF7596BFDE926D3" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="C321653C953DFFDACFF7596BFEB623CB" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7953DFFDACFF7596BFD2023EF" blockId="84.[151,1437,870,1725]" box="[151,729,870,897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0CC81DB953DFFDACFF7596BFD2023EF" bold="true" box="[151,729,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACFF7596BFD2023EF" ID-CoL="4RB3G" ID-ENA="906901" authority="(von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="von Bonde &amp; Swart" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,729,870,897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rajella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudaspinosa">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFF7596BFD2023EF" bold="true" box="[151,729,870,897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFF7596BFE7723EE" bold="true" box="[151,398,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Rajella caudaspinosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACEFD596BFD2823EF" author="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B." box="[413,721,870,896]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref118185" refString="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. &quot; Pickle &quot;. University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1923">von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B7953DFFDACFF75987FEB623CB" blockId="84.[151,1437,870,1725]" box="[151,335,906,932]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Munchkin Skate</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C953DFFDACFF759A2FC2B255E" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7953DFFDACFF759A2FC422383" blockId="84.[151,1437,870,1725]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACFF759A2FD3F23A7" ID-CoL="6X3KL" authority="von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923: 8" authorityName="von Bonde &amp; Swart" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,710,942,969]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudaspinosa">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFF759A2FE9623A7" box="[151,367,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raia caudaspinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACE1859A2FD3F23A7" author="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B." box="[376,710,942,969]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref118185" refString="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. &quot; Pickle &quot;. University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1923">von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923: 8</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 1, pl. 21.
<typeStatus id="54808815953DFFDACC1559A3FC2423A7" box="[885,989,942,968]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(unique): whereabouts unknown. Type locality:
<collectingRegion id="49FFF855953DFFDACE4959DFFE252383" box="[297,476,978,1004]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627953DFFDACE8659DFFD8E2383" box="[486,631,978,1004]" name="South Africa" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EE4606C953DFFDACDE359DFFC422383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A1953DFFDACFF7596BFDE926D3:8EE4606C953DFFDACDE359DFFC422383" box="[643,955,978,1004]" country="South Africa" name="southwestern Indian Ocean." pageId="84" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">southwestern Indian Ocean.</location>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B7953DFFDACFF759FBFC2B255E" blockId="84.[151,1437,870,1725]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFF759FBFEA2247F" bold="true" box="[151,347,1014,1040]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Local synonymy</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACE0B59FAFDBB247F" ID-CoL="6X3KL" authority=": Smith, 1949 a: 67" authorityName=": Smith" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1949" box="[363,578,1014,1040]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudaspinosa">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACE0B59FAFDBB247F" box="[363,578,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raia caudaspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A6953DFFDACD3159FBFCEC247F" box="[593,789,1014,1040]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACD3159FBFCEC247F" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[593,789,1014,1040]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref114538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">Smith, 1949a: 67</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, not fig. 72 (=
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACCA059FAFB63247F" ID-CoL="6Q69H" authorityName=": Compagno" authorityYear="1999" box="[960,1178,1014,1040]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Leucoraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACCA059FAFB63247F" box="[960,1178,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Leucoraja wallacei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in part);
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACA6B59FBFF1B245B" author="Smith, J. L. B." pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref115700" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp." type="book" year="1965">Smith, 1965: 67</bibRefCitation>
(in part, not fig. 72).
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACEBF5E16FD7F245B" ID-CoL="78RKK" authority=": von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923: 6" authorityName=": von Bonde &amp; Swart" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1923" box="[479,646,1050,1076]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albalinea">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACEBF5E16FD7F245B" box="[479,646,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raia albalinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A6953DFFDACDF75E16FB7A245B" box="[663,1155,1050,1077]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACDF75E16FC1D245B" author="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B." box="[663,996,1050,1077]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref118185" refString="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. &quot; Pickle &quot;. University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1923">von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923: 6</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1, pl. 20
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACBEF5E16FAD3245B" authority=": Barnard, 1925: 68" authorityName=": Barnard" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1925" box="[1167,1322,1050,1076]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plutonia">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACBEF5E16FAD3245B" box="[1167,1322,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raia plutonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A6953DFFDACA5B5E17FED52437" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACA5B5E17FED52437" author="Barnard" firstAuthor="Barnard" page="68" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard, 1925: 68</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part, for
<typeStatus id="54808815953DFFDACEA75E32FDFB2436" box="[455,514,1087,1113]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACD4E5E32FD2E2437" ID-CoL="78RKK" authority=": von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923: 6" authorityName=": von Bonde &amp; Swart" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1923" box="[558,727,1086,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albalinea">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACD4E5E32FD2E2437" box="[558,727,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raia albalinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACD915E32FC332437" ID-CoL="793N5" authority=": Norman, 1935: 37" authorityName="Norman" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1935" box="[753,970,1086,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudaspinosa">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACD915E32FC332437" box="[753,970,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raja caudaspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A6953DFFDACCBC5E32FB4B2437" box="[988,1202,1086,1113]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACCBC5E32FB4B2437" author="Norman" box="[988,1202,1086,1113]" firstAuthor="Norman" page="37" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref110714" refString="Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1935">Norman, 1935: 37</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACBA15E33FA6E2437" author="Fowler" box="[1217,1431,1086,1112]" firstAuthor="Fowler" page="376" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref101290" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941: 376</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACFA65E6FFE6B2413" author="Hulley" box="[198,402,1122,1148]" firstAuthor="Hulley" page="170" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="151 - 220" refId="ref104963" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220." type="journal article" year="1970">Hulley, 1970: 170</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7ac, pl. 3ab;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACD1A5E6FFCBD2413" author="Hulley" box="[634,836,1122,1148]" firstAuthor="Hulley" page="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref105041" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499" type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Hulley, 1972a: 86</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 5859;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACCBE5E6FFB522413" author="Hulley" box="[990,1195,1122,1148]" firstAuthor="Hulley" page="120" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="115 - 128" refId="ref105183" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128." type="book chapter" year="1986">Hulley, 1986: 120</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 25.7;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACA455E6FFEC524CF" author="Stehmann, M." pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref116339" refString="Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1995">Stehmann, 1995: 109</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34953DFFDACE295E8AFC2A24CF" ID-CoL="793N5" authority=": Compagno et al., 1989: 96" authorityName="Compagno" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1989" box="[329,979,1158,1185]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudaspinosa" subGenus="Rajella">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACE295E8AFE8724CF" box="[329,382,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Raja</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACEF05E8BFE1824CF" box="[400,481,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Rajella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACE935E8BFD7424CF" box="[499,653,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">caudaspinosa</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACDFE5E8BFC2A24CF" author="Compagno" box="[670,979,1158,1185]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="96" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACC425E8AFCAC24CF" box="[802,853,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 1989: 96
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACB6E5E8BFAAB24CF" author="Compagno" box="[1038,1362,1158,1185]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="103" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="43 - 139" refId="ref96066" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664" type="journal article" year="1991">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACBF25E8AFB3C24CF" box="[1170,1221,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 1991: 103
</bibRefCitation>
;
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Ebert
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFA65EA6FF0024AB" box="[198,249,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 1991: 77
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.
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACEE45EA7FD8E24AB" box="[388,631,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Rajella caudaspinosa</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACDE85EA7FC7E24AB" author="Compagno" box="[648,903,1194,1220]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="117" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 117</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 5a;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACA005EA7FE182487" author="Ebert &amp; Compagno" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="121" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref96013" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert &amp; Compagno, 2007: 121</bibRefCitation>
;
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Ebert
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACD525EC2FD9A2487" box="[562,611,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 2008: 94
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACD8B5EC3FC542486" author="NPOA" box="[747,941,1230,1257]" firstAuthor="NPOA" page="53" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013: 53</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACCD95EC3FB932487" author="Ebert D. A." box="[953,1130,1230,1256]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref98383" refString="Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp." type="book" year="2014">Ebert, 2014: 76</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 123;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACBBC5EC3FEB12563" author="Weigmann, S. &amp; Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Thiel, R." pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="359 - 387" refId="ref118816" refString="Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Thiel, R. (2014 a) Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3847 (3), 359 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3847.3.3" type="journal article" year="2014">
Weigmann
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACA3D5EC2FA772487" box="[1373,1422,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 2014a: 384
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACE365EFFFD822563" author="da Silva" box="[342,635,1266,1293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="da Silva" page="247" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="233 - 248" refId="ref96965" refString="da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. &amp; Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471" type="journal article" year="2015">
da Silva
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACEDB5EFEFE162563" box="[443,495,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 2015: 247
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACDE95EFFFCB32562" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[649,842,1266,1293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref98428" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp." type="book" year="2015">Ebert, 2015: 185</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 210;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACCA15EFFFAEC2563" author="Ebert &amp; van Hees" box="[961,1301,1266,1293]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="147" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the &quot; Lost Sharks &quot; of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert &amp; van Hees, 2015: 147</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACA425EFEFECC255F" author="Last" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" page="19" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="11 - 34" refId="ref107873" refString="Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. &amp; Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. &amp; Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34." type="book chapter" year="2016" yearSuffix="f">
Last
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACA3B5EFEFA772563" box="[1371,1422,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 2016f: 19
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACE215F1AFDB9255F" author="Last" box="[321,576,1302,1329]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" page="337" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="204 - 363" refId="ref107642" refString="Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148" type="book chapter" year="2016" yearSuffix="g">
Last
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACE185F1AFE50255F" box="[376,425,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
.,
<quantity id="4CC39B52953DFFDACEDE5F1BFDF1255F" box="[446,520,1302,1328]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.016" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="g" value="2016.0">2016g</quantity>
: 337
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, fig. 19.122;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACDB35F1BFC37255E" author="Weigmann, S." box="[723,974,1302,1329]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 958</bibRefCitation>
;
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voucher material
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:
<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA953DFFDACE815FE3FAA02666" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574666" box="[481,1369,1518,1545]" location="The Orange River" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay">
<location id="8EE4606C953DFFDACE815FE3FD522667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A1953DFFDACFF7596BFDE926D3:8EE4606C953DFFDACE815FE3FD522667" box="[481,683,1518,1544]" name="The Orange River" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Bay">The Orange River</location>
(NC) to Algoa
<collectingRegion id="49FFF855953DFFDACC3A5FE2FC7E2666" box="[858,903,1519,1545]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Bay</collectingRegion>
(EC), with at least one record from KZN
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C953DFFDACFF75C1FFDE926D3" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7953DFFDACFF75C1FFC5626F7" blockId="84.[151,1437,870,1725]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFF75C1FFEFD2643" bold="true" box="[151,260,1554,1580]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Remarks</emphasis>
: The species is near endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627953DFFDACD145C1FFCFA2643" box="[628,771,1554,1580]" name="South Africa" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
with most records from south of the Orange River to
<collectingRegion id="49FFF855953DFFDACA035C1FFA642643" box="[1379,1437,1554,1580]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Cape</collectingRegion>
Point, and with only a few scattered records between Algoa Bay and KZN. It reportedly occurs to south of L̹deritz, southern
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627953DFFDACEC05C57FDFA261B" box="[416,515,1626,1652]" name="Namibia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, but during a series of research surveys no specimens were caught north of the Orange River (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACE0C5C73FD8826F7" author="Compagno" box="[364,625,1662,1689]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="43 - 139" refId="ref96066" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664" type="journal article" year="1991">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACE905C72FDD826F7" box="[496,545,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
., 1991
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46953DFFDACD1C5C73FC5A26F7" author="Compagno &amp; Ebert" box="[636,931,1662,1688]" firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref96013" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4" type="journal article" year="2007">Compagno &amp; Ebert, 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B7953DFFDACFF75CAFFDE926D3" blockId="84.[151,1437,870,1725]" box="[151,528,1698,1725]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5953DFFDACFF75CAFFE7D26D3" bold="true" box="[151,388,1698,1724]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Conservation status</emphasis>
: LC (2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>