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<document id="2DD7454E86BAF6CE9A5B3C25B1BC27C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="5419" ID-DOI="10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8acc9095-eaff-47d7-b3da-91b6c2fb636e" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634200" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1616618193905" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Valdés, Ángel" docDate="2002" docId="03927F0EFFF56057FCD2FDF46D22D3C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.136.535-636.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Hexabranchus sanguineus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="562" masterDocId="FFAB0776FFEF6049FF87FFCE6F73D33D" masterDocTitle="A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia)" masterLastPageNumber="636" masterPageNumber="535" pageNumber="561" updateTime="1698892636459" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="15583475C0D24AFE81E1CAC7FEDDCFDE">A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="62F3408B127FA46021A2D43E8FA5B3EC">2002</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03927F0EFFF56057FCD2FDF46D22D3C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5110231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550715" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5110231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03927F0EFFF56057FCD2FDF46D22D3C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03927F0EFFF56057FCD2FDF46D22D3C5" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<subSubSection id="C3219D93FFF56053FCD2FDF46A13D16C" box="[853,1376,569,593]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCD2FDF46A13D16C" blockId="26.[853,1376,569,625]" box="[853,1376,569,593]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<heading id="D0CC7974FFF56053FCD2FDF46A13D16C" box="[853,1376,569,593]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCD2FDF46BDAD16D" ID-CoL="3LFXH" ID-ENA="190924" authority="(Cuvier, 1804)" box="[853,1193,570,593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCD2FDF46BDAD16D" box="[853,1193,570,593]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">HEXABRANCHUS SANGUINEUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FB3EFDF76A2BD16C" author="CUVIER" box="[1209,1368,569,593]" firstAuthor="CUVIER" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" pagination="447 - 473" refId="ref55151" refString="Cuvier GL. 1804. Memoire sur le genre Doris. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4: 447 - 473, plates 73 - 74." type="journal article" year="1804">CUVIER, 1804</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3219D93FFF56053FB97FD976BD6D14C" box="[1040,1189,601,625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FB97FD976BD6D14C" blockId="26.[853,1376,569,625]" box="[1040,1189,601,625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
(
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF56053FB9FFD976B00D14C" box="[1048,1139,601,625]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">FIGS 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF56053FB07FD976BEFD14C" box="[1152,1180,601,625]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[155,233,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,194,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-74@29.[155,1435,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897), SEM images of the radula and jaws. A, inner lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. B, mid-lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. C, outer lateral teeth; scale bar = 150 Mm. D, jaw elements; scale bar = 10 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634244/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219D93FFF56053FCA1FD4C6C86D72A" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FD4C6B2DD18B" blockId="26.[806,1423,642,940]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BE936FFF56053FCA1FD4C6B2DD18B" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9AE809FFF56053FCA1FD4C6BF9D1A5" author="Cuvier GL" box="[806,1162,642,664]" page="452" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" year="1804">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FD4C6BF9D1A5" authority="Cuvier, 1804: 452" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="1804" box="[806,1162,642,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FD4C6CC2D1AA" box="[806,945,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Doris lacera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FC3CFD4C6BF9D1A5" author="Cuvier" box="[955,1162,642,664]" firstAuthor="Cuvier" page="452" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" pagination="447 - 473" refId="ref55151" refString="Cuvier GL. 1804. Memoire sur le genre Doris. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4: 447 - 473, plates 73 - 74." type="journal article" year="1804">Cuvier, 1804: 452</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 453–465, 473, pl. 73, figs 1–3 (
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FC20FD6F6B3CD188" box="[935,1103,672,694]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FD0E6BE6D1CE" blockId="26.[806,1423,642,940]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FD0E6AFAD1E9" authority="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830: 30 - 31" authorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" authorityPageNumber="30 - 31" authorityYear="1830" box="[806,1417,703,725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FD0E6C91D1E8" box="[806,994,704,725]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Doris sanguinea</emphasis>
Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830: 30–31
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1, fig. 1 (
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FC41FD116BF5D1C9" box="[966,1158,735,756]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">nomen protectum</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FD326B33D00D" blockId="26.[806,1423,642,940]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FD326A7FD02F" ID-CoL="3LFXF" authority="Ehrenberg, 1828" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[806,1292,764,786]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praetextus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FD326B32D02F" box="[806,1089,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Hexabranchus praetextus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FBCBFD326A7FD02F" author="Ehrenberg" box="[1100,1292,764,786]" firstAuthor="Ehrenberg" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" refId="ref55258" refString="Ehrenberg CG. 1828 - 1831. Symbolae physicae animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis. Series prima cum tabularum decade prima continent animalia Africana et Asiatica. Decas Prima. In: Hemprich FG, Ehrenberg CG, eds. Symbolae physicae, seu Icones adhue ineditae corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum, quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegyptum, Nubiam, Dengalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam Pars Zoologica, 4. Berlin: Officina Academica [pages unnumbered]. Dates of publication: plates 1 - 2 [1828], text [1831]." type="book" year="1828">Ehrenberg, 1828</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–31 [1831]: 30–31, pl. 1, fig. 1A–C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FCF46A40D072" blockId="26.[806,1423,642,940]" box="[806,1331,826,848]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BE936FFF56053FCA1FCF46A40D072" box="[806,1331,826,848]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9AE809FFF56053FCA1FCF46A5CD072" author="Adams A" box="[806,1327,826,848]" page="494" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" year="1848">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FCF46A5CD072" ID-CoL="3KWMH" authority="A. Adams, 1848: 494" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityPageNumber="494" authorityYear="1848" box="[806,1327,826,848]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Heptabranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burnettii">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FCF46B4AD072" box="[806,1081,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Heptabranchus burnettii</emphasis>
A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FBE7FCF46A5CD072" author="Adams" box="[1120,1327,826,848]" firstAuthor="Adams" page="494" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" pagination="1843 - 46" refId="ref52855" refString="Adams A. 1848. Notes from a journal of research into the natural history of the countries visited during the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang, under the command of captain Sir E. Belcher, C. B. In: Belcher E, ed. Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. Samarang During the Years 1843 - 46, Vol. 2. London: Reeve and Reeve, 223 - 252." type="book chapter" year="1848">Adams, 1848: 494</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FC966B92D053" blockId="26.[806,1423,642,940]" box="[806,1249,856,878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BE936FFF56053FCA1FC966B92D053" box="[806,1249,856,878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9AE809FFF56053FCA1FC966BAED053" author="Abraham PS" box="[806,1245,856,878]" page="237" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" year="1877">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FC966BAED053" ID-CoL="65D6S" authority="Abraham, 1877: 237" authorityName="Abraham" authorityPageNumber="237" authorityYear="1877" box="[806,1245,856,878]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Aethedoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FC966C99D050" box="[806,1002,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Aethedoris indica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FC75FC966BAED053" author="Abraham" box="[1010,1245,856,878]" firstAuthor="Abraham" page="237" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" pagination="196 - 269" refId="ref52815" refString="Abraham PS. 1877. Revision of the anthobranchiate nudibranchiate Mollusca, with descriptions or notices of forty-one hitherto undescribed species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877: 196 - 269, plates 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1877">Abraham, 1877: 237</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FCB96C20D091" blockId="26.[806,1423,642,940]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BE936FFF56053FCA1FCB96C20D091" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9AE809FFF56053FCA1FCB96B9ED0B1" author="Collingwood C" box="[806,1261,887,909]" page="133" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" year="1881">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FCB96B9ED0B1" authority="Collingwood, 1881: 133" authorityName="Collingwood" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="1881" box="[806,1261,887,909]" class="Gastropoda" family="Archidorididae" genus="Albania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FCB96CADD0B1" box="[806,990,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Albania formosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FC62FCB96B9ED0B1" author="Collingwood" box="[997,1261,887,909]" firstAuthor="Collingwood" page="133" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref55113" refString="Collingwood C. 1881. On some new species of nudibranchiate mollusca from the eastern seas. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2 (2): 123 - 140, plates 9 - 10." type="journal article" year="1881">Collingwood, 1881: 133</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, figs 1– 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FC0A6C86D72A" blockId="26.[806,1422,964,1047]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
Only the
<typeStatus id="548070BAFFF56053FC1EFC0A6CB9D0E4" box="[921,970,964,985]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">type</typeStatus>
species of synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FB68FC0A6AFDD0E4" ID-CoL="7P56T" authority="EHRENBERG, 1831" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[1263,1422,964,985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FB68FC0A6AFDD0E4" box="[1263,1422,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Hexabranchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are listed here; for a complete list of synonyms see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF56053FCA1FBCF6C83D72A" author="Thompson" box="[806,1008,1025,1047]" firstAuthor="Thompson" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref59584" refString="Thompson TE. 1972. Observations on Hexabranchus from the Australian Great Barrier Reef (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). The Veliger 15: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1972">Thompson (1972)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219D93FFF56053FCA1FB936BCED44C" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FB936CB2D74F" blockId="26.[806,1423,1117,1599]" box="[806,961,1117,1138]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FB936CB2D74F" box="[806,961,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1FBB26BCBD502" blockId="26.[806,1423,1117,1599]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FBB26B73D7AF" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[806,1024,1148,1170]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FBB26CDED7AC" box="[806,941,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Doris lacera</emphasis>
Cuvier
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="548070BAFFF56053FB8CFBB26BE4D7AC" box="[1035,1175,1148,1169]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="syntype">SYNTYPES</typeStatus>
: Indian Ocean (= Mer des Indes), date and exact locality unknown, two specimens, 30 and
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF56053FB87FB776B3DD7F2" box="[1024,1102,1209,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
preserved length, dissected (
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FCA9FB166CF5D7D3" box="[814,902,1240,1262]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FC1AFB166A32D7D3" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[925,1345,1240,1262]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praetextus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FC1AFB166BC9D7D3" box="[925,1210,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Hexabranchus praetextus</emphasis>
Ehrenberg
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FAD6FB166C1ED631" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">SYNTYPE</collectionCode>
: El Tûr (= Tor),
<collectingCountry id="F32C8E88FFF56053FBCBFB396BE1D631" box="[1100,1170,1271,1292]" name="Egypt" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, date unknown, one specimen,
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF56053FC21FADB6B70D616" box="[934,1027,1301,1323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
preserved length (
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FB75FADB6A36D617" box="[1266,1349,1301,1322]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">MNHB</collectionCode>
566).
<typeStatus id="548070BAFFF56053FCA1FAFA6CD1D674" box="[806,930,1332,1353]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
: El Tûr (= Tor),
<collectingCountry id="F32C8E88FFF56053FBD8FAFA6BD6D674" box="[1119,1189,1332,1353]" name="Egypt" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, date unknown, one specimen,
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF56053FC21FA9D6B70D655" box="[934,1027,1363,1384]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
preserved length, partially dissected (
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FCF9FABF6CA2D6BB" box="[894,977,1393,1414]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">MNHB</collectionCode>
567). The
<typeStatus id="548070BAFFF56053FBD7FABF6BCFD6BA" box="[1104,1212,1393,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FB62FABF6CF4D698" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Heptabranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burnettii">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FB62FABF6CF4D698" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Heptabranchus burnettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(originally collected from Borneo),
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FA9EFA5E6C1FD6FE" authorityName="Abraham" authorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Aethedoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FA9EFA5E6C1FD6FE" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Aethedoris indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(originally collected from Madras,
<collectingCountry id="F32C8E88FFF56053FA95FA606A3CD6F9" box="[1298,1359,1454,1476]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">India</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1FA036C96D6DF" authorityName="Collingwood" authorityYear="1881" box="[806,997,1485,1506]" class="Gastropoda" family="Archidorididae" genus="Albania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1FA036C96D6DF" box="[806,997,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Albania formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(originally collected from Ke-lung,
<collectingCountry id="F32C8E88FFF56053FCA1FA226CFAD53C" box="[806,905,1516,1537]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Formosa</collectingCountry>
) could not be located at
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FB49FA226A53D53C" box="[1230,1312,1516,1537]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">BMNH</collectionCode>
and are probably lost. The type material of other synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF56053FCA1F9E76CB6D503" box="[806,965,1577,1598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1F9E76CB6D503" box="[806,965,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Hexabranchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been traced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1F94D6B77D5A5" blockId="26.[806,1423,1667,1905]" box="[806,1028,1667,1688]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF56053FCA1F94D6B77D5A5" box="[806,1028,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF56053FCA1F96C6BCED44C" blockId="26.[806,1423,1667,1905]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">
<materialsCitation id="3B53C445FFF56053FCA1F96C6A67D429" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323414338" collectingDate="1975-03-06" collectingDateMax="1989-04-09" collectingDateMin="1975-03-06" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="S. Earle &amp; A. Giddings" country="Mozambique" location="Reef near Hotel Coelacanth" municipality="Moroni" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" specimenCode="068296" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Grand Comore Island">
<location id="8EE498C3FFF56053FCA1F96C6B0BD585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03927F0EFFF56057FCD2FDF46D22D3C5:8EE498C3FFF56053FCA1F96C6B0BD585" box="[806,1144,1698,1720]" country="Mozambique" municipality="Moroni" name="Reef near Hotel Coelacanth" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" stateProvince="Grand Comore Island">Reef near Hotel Coelacanth</location>
, North end of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE05462FFF56053FAB2F96C6AF9D585" box="[1333,1418,1698,1720]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Moroni</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FF00FAFFF56053FCA1F90F6B6DD5EA" box="[806,1054,1729,1751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Grand Comore Island</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C8E88FFF56053FBADF90F6BCFD5EA" box="[1066,1212,1729,1751]" name="Mozambique" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
Channel,
<date id="FF85E8D8FFF56053FAB7F90F6C2CD5CB" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" value="1975-03-06">
<collectingDate id="EFC11130FFF56053FAB7F90F6C2CD5CB" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" value="1975-03-06">6 March 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3D0591FFF56053FCF6F92E6B61D5CB" box="[881,1042,1760,1782]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">one specimen</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF56053FBA4F92E6B0CD5C8" box="[1059,1151,1760,1781]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="104.0">104 mm</quantity>
preserved length, leg.
<collectorName id="26CEABCEFFF56053FCA1F9316CF7D429" box="[806,900,1790,1812]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">S. Earle</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26CEABCEFFF56053FC46F9316B39D429" box="[961,1098,1790,1812]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">A. Giddings</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FBDCF9316BDBD429" box="[1115,1192,1791,1812]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB9D6663FFF56053FB35F9306A7BD429" box="[1202,1288,1790,1812]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">068296</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B53C445FFF56053FA9BF9306BC9D44C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323414335" collectingDate="1989-04-09" collectingDateMax="1989-04-09" collectingDateMin="1975-03-06" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="T. M. Gosliner" country="Madagascar" location="Tire Reef" municipality="Mora Mora Village" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" specimenCode="071897" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EE498C3FFF56053FA9BF9306AF9D429" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03927F0EFFF56057FCD2FDF46D22D3C5:8EE498C3FFF56053FA9BF9306AF9D429" box="[1308,1418,1790,1812]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Mora Mora Village" name="Tire Reef" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Tire Reef</location>
,
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF56053FCA1F8D36C13D40E" box="[806,864,1821,1843]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="km" value="2.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A36D73AFFF56053FCA1F8D36C13D40E" box="[806,864,1821,1843]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
north of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE05462FFF56053FC40F8D06BD3D40E" box="[967,1184,1821,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Mora Mora Village</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C8E88FFF56053FB2DF8D36A46D40E" box="[1194,1333,1821,1843]" name="Madagascar" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FF85E8D8FFF56053FAC7F8D36C2CD46C" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" value="1989-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EFC11130FFF56053FAC7F8D36C2CD46C" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" value="1989-04-09">9 April 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3D0591FFF56053FCF7F8F26B6ED46F" box="[880,1053,1852,1874]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">two specimens</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF56053FBA8F8F26BC7D46C" box="[1071,1204,1852,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="97.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="94.0">94–100 mm</quantity>
preserved length, leg.
<collectorName id="26CEABCEFFF56053FCD3F8956C84D44D" box="[852,1015,1882,1904]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">T. M. Gosliner</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2A56DDFFF56053FB81F8956B20D44D" box="[1030,1107,1883,1904]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB9D6663FFF56053FBDCF8956BC1D44C" box="[1115,1202,1883,1905]" pageId="26" pageNumber="561">071897</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219D93FFF46052FF1CFF0D6B00D01D" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF1CFF0D6EF0D3E5" blockId="27.[155,771,195,923]" box="[155,387,195,216]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FF1CFF0D6EF0D3E5" box="[155,387,195,216]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">External morphology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF1CFF2C6E78D269" blockId="27.[155,771,195,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
The external morphology and behaviour of this species have been widely described.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FE7AFECF6DB9D22A" author="Thompson" box="[509,714,257,279]" firstAuthor="Thompson" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref59584" refString="Thompson TE. 1972. Observations on Hexabranchus from the Australian Great Barrier Reef (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). The Veliger 15: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1972">Thompson (1972)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FF1CFEEE6EAFD20B" author="Gohar &amp; Soliman" box="[155,476,288,310]" firstAuthor="Gohar" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" pagination="219 - 247" refId="ref56223" refString="Gohar HAF, Soliman GH. 1963. The biology and development of Hexabranchus sanguineus (Rupp. &amp; Leuck.) (Gastropoda, Nudibranchiata). Publications of the Marine Biological Station of Al-Ghardaqa 12: 219 - 247, plates 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1963">Gohar &amp; Soliman (1963)</bibRefCitation>
found wide chromatic variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF33FE936E2DD002" blockId="27.[155,771,195,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">The general colour of the living animals is very variable. It normally varies from pale orange to bright red. In some specimens there is a number of small white or yellowish dots on some areas or on the entire dorsum. Other specimens have large bright red or pinkish spots, or a pale concentric band. Sometimes the mantle margin is surrounded by a yellow line. The rhinophores are red to yellowish, with white spots in some specimens. The gill has normally the same colour as the dorsum, with the rachises of the branchial leaves white or yellowish. The dorsum is smooth. There are 7–9 tripinnate, non-retractile branchial leaves. The anal papilla is prominent, situated in the centre of the branchial circle of leaves. The rhinophores are elongate, having 45 lamellae in a 100-mm preserved length specimen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF33FC866E4FD0A6" blockId="27.[155,771,195,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
Ventrally there are two large, flattened and lobate oral tentacles (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FEC9FCA86EDDD040" box="[334,430,870,893]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
). The anterior border of the foot is simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF1CFC2F6F8DD0CB" blockId="27.[155,771,993,1904]" box="[155,254,993,1014]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FF1CFC2F6F8DD0CB" box="[155,254,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Anatomy</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF1CFBCE6D0DD6DF" blockId="27.[155,771,993,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
The posterior end of the glandular portion of the oral tube has 18 strong retractor muscles (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FDD7FBD06DDCD708" box="[592,687,1054,1077]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
) which attach to the body wall. The oval, muscular buccal bulb has several additional muscles attached together; two long and wide salivary glands connect with it at each side of the oesophageal junction. The buccal bulb is three times longer than the glandular portion of the oral tube. The labial cuticle is completely covered with simple rodlets (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FE00FB3B6E98D636" box="[391,491,1269,1291]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[155,233,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,194,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-74@29.[155,1435,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897), SEM images of the radula and jaws. A, inner lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. B, mid-lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. C, outer lateral teeth; scale bar = 150 Mm. D, jaw elements; scale bar = 10 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634244/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). The radular formula is 36 ¥ 77.0.
<quantity id="4CC363FDFFF46052FE8FFADA6E34D617" box="[264,327,1300,1322]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9558" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" unit="in" value="77.0">77 in</quantity>
a 100-mm long specimen. Rachidian teeth are absent. The lateral teeth are narrow and elongate, having a single cusp and lacking denticles (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FF24FABE6E77D6BB" box="[163,260,1392,1414]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[155,233,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,194,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-74@29.[155,1435,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897), SEM images of the radula and jaws. A, inner lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. B, mid-lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. C, outer lateral teeth; scale bar = 150 Mm. D, jaw elements; scale bar = 10 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634244/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
). The teeth from the middle portion of the half-row are larger than those closer to the medial portion of the radula (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FEF2FA636EA4D6FE" box="[373,471,1453,1475]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[155,233,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,194,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-74@29.[155,1435,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897), SEM images of the radula and jaws. A, inner lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. B, mid-lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. C, outer lateral teeth; scale bar = 150 Mm. D, jaw elements; scale bar = 10 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634244/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
). The outermost teeth are smaller and also lack denticles (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FD88FA026D01D6DF" box="[527,626,1484,1506]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[155,233,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,194,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-74@29.[155,1435,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897), SEM images of the radula and jaws. A, inner lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. B, mid-lateral teeth; scale bar = 100 Mm. C, outer lateral teeth; scale bar = 150 Mm. D, jaw elements; scale bar = 10 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634244/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FF33FA246CDAD3C4" blockId="27.[155,771,993,1904]" lastBlockId="27.[819,1435,196,800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
The ampulla is very long and convoluted. It branches into a short oviduct and the prostatic portion of the deferent duct (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FE0CF9E66E9ED503" box="[395,493,1576,1598]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). The oviduct enters the female gland mass near to its centre. There is no differentiated prostate, but a long, folded and tubular deferent duct (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FECDF94A6ED8D5A7" box="[330,427,1668,1690]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). The prostatic region of the deferent duct expands into the huge ejaculatory portion, which opens into a short common atrium with the vagina. The vagina is long and wide. Near to its proximal end it joins the bursa copulatrix. From the bursa copulatrix leads another duct that connects to the uterine duct and the seminal receptacle. The bursa copulatrix is rounded in shape and several times larger than the elongate seminal receptacle (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FCBCFF2C6CEED3C4" box="[827,925,226,249]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FCCBFECC6A66D1F9" blockId="27.[819,1435,196,800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
In the central nervous system (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FB47FECF6A51D22A" box="[1216,1314,257,279]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) the cerebral and pleural ganglia are fused and distinct from the pedal ganglia. The cerebral and pleural ganglia are entirely covered with large ganglionic tubercles. There are three cerebral nerves leading from each cerebral ganglion and two pleural nerves leading from each pleural ganglion. There is no separate abdominal ganglion on the right side of the visceral loop. The buccal ganglia are near to the rest of the central nervous system, joined to the cerebral ganglia by two relatively short nerves. Gastro-oesophageal, rhinophoral and optical ganglia are present. The pedal ganglia are clearly separated, having four nerves leading from each one. The pedal and parapedal commissures are enveloped together with the visceral loop.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FCCBFD036B00D01D" blockId="27.[819,1435,196,800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
The circulatory system (
<figureCitation id="1300D29DFFF46052FBE7FD036BB3D1DE" box="[1120,1216,717,739]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="28.[142,220,1824,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1397,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-94@28.[142,1422,186,1791]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 13. Hexabranchus sanguineus (CASIZ 071897). A, general view of the anatomy; scale bar = 2 mm. B, reproductive system; scale bar = 2 mm. C, detail of the ampula; scale bar = 2 mm. D, central nervous system; scale bar = 1 mm. E, lateral view of the buccal bulb; scale bar = 1 mm. F, ventral view of the mouth area; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634242/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) consists of a large heart and a single large blood gland situated beneath the central nervous system.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219D93FFF46057FCB4FCA86D22D3C5" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FCB4FCA86CE6D046" blockId="27.[819,1435,870,1904]" box="[819,917,870,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FCB4FCA86CE6D046" box="[819,917,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46052FCB4FC4B6BA9D429" blockId="27.[819,1435,870,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
First
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FCF2FC4B6C8ED0A6" author="Eliot" box="[885,1021,901,923]" firstAuthor="Eliot" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" pagination="411 - 438" refId="ref55677" refString="Eliot CN. 1910. Nudibranchs collected by Mr. Stanley Gardiner from the Indian Ocean in H. M. S. Sealark in Percy Sladen trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J Stanley Gardiner 2. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, Zoology 13: 411 - 438." type="journal article" year="1910">Eliot (1910)</bibRefCitation>
and then
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FBFEFC4B6A32D0A6" author="Thompson" box="[1145,1345,901,923]" firstAuthor="Thompson" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref59584" refString="Thompson TE. 1972. Observations on Hexabranchus from the Australian Great Barrier Reef (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). The Veliger 15: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1972">Thompson (1972)</bibRefCitation>
considered that most of the nominal species assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FCF9FC0C6B6ED0EA" box="[894,1053,962,983]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FCF9FC0C6B6ED0EA" box="[894,1053,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Hexabranchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are synonyms. Only the Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FCB4FC2F6AE8D0CA" authority="Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1962" authorityName="Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[819,1435,993,1015]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mormosus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FCB4FC2F6B26D0CA" box="[819,1109,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Hexabranchus mormosus</emphasis>
Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1962
</taxonomicName>
was dubiously regarded as a different species for biogeographical reasons. The arguments of Eliot and Thompson are convincing, but despite the latter’s suggestion that
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FC53FB926C19D7AD" authority="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830" authorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" authorityYear="1830" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FC53FB926BE2D74C" box="[980,1169,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Doris sanguinea</emphasis>
Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830
</taxonomicName>
has priority over other synonyms, the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FCB4FB546B25D793" authority="Cuvier, 1804" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[819,1110,1177,1199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FCB4FB546CCFD793" box="[819,956,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Doris lacera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FC42FB576B25D793" author="Cuvier" box="[965,1110,1177,1199]" firstAuthor="Cuvier" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" pagination="447 - 473" refId="ref55151" refString="Cuvier GL. 1804. Memoire sur le genre Doris. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4: 447 - 473, plates 73 - 74." type="journal article" year="1804">Cuvier, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is much older and must be the valid name for the Indo-Pacific species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FADDFB776CE9D7D6" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FADDFB776CE9D7D6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Hexabranchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A re-examination of the
<typeStatus id="548070BAFFF46052FB48FB196A47D7D1" box="[1231,1332,1239,1260]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FAD8FB196C04D637" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FAD8FB196C04D637" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Doris lacera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirmed they are conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FAA1FB3B6C98D614" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FAA1FB3B6C98D614" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Hexabranchus sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FC7EFADA6BF1D614" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[1017,1154,1300,1321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FC7EFADA6BF1D614" box="[1017,1154,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Doris lacera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been ignored by all authors dealing with
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FBA1FAFC6BB6D67A" box="[1062,1221,1330,1351]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FBA1FAFC6BB6D67A" box="[1062,1221,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Hexabranchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to Article 23.9.1 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FC35FA9F6B49D65A" author="ICZN" box="[946,1082,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" refId="ref56591" refString="ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
), if a senior synonym has not been used as a valid name since 1899, and its junior synonym has been used for the same species in at least 25 papers, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span not less than 10 years, the usage of the junior synonym must be maintained. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FA8DF9C46A1FD523" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[1290,1388,1545,1567]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FA8DF9C46A1FD523" box="[1290,1388,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">D. lacera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been used as valid in its original description in 1804, whereas the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FBDEF9896B85D561" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1113,1270,1607,1628]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FBDEF9896B85D561" box="[1113,1270,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">H. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in constant usage in the literature. More than 30 papers, books and field guides using the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FB18F94B6A4FD5A4" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1183,1340,1668,1690]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FB18F94B6A4FD5A4" box="[1183,1340,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">H. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid have been published during the last 20 years by more than 15 authors. Therefore, the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FB64F90C6AF2D5EA" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1251,1409,1730,1751]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FB64F90C6AF2D5EA" box="[1251,1409,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">H. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here conserved (
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FB85F92F6BB8D5CB" box="[1026,1227,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">nomen protectum</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FAA7F92F6A04D5C8" box="[1312,1399,1760,1782]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lacer">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FAA7F92F6A04D5C8" box="[1312,1399,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">H. lacer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is regarded as invalid (
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FBA4F9316BB9D42E" box="[1059,1226,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CE18FFF46057FCCBF8D36D22D3C5" blockId="27.[819,1435,870,1904]" lastBlockId="30.[142,757,196,248]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">
The
<typeStatus id="548070BAFFF46052FC0DF8D06CC8D40E" box="[906,955,1822,1843]" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">type</typeStatus>
species of other synonymous generic names:
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FC11F8F26AE5D46C" authority="Ehrenberg, 1828" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[918,1430,1852,1874]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praetextus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FC11F8F26BCAD46F" box="[918,1209,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Hexabranchus praetextus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FB4CF8F26AE5D46C" author="Ehrenberg" box="[1227,1430,1852,1874]" firstAuthor="Ehrenberg" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" refId="ref55258" refString="Ehrenberg CG. 1828 - 1831. Symbolae physicae animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis. Series prima cum tabularum decade prima continent animalia Africana et Asiatica. Decas Prima. In: Hemprich FG, Ehrenberg CG, eds. Symbolae physicae, seu Icones adhue ineditae corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum, quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegyptum, Nubiam, Dengalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam Pars Zoologica, 4. Berlin: Officina Academica [pages unnumbered]. Dates of publication: plates 1 - 2 [1828], text [1831]." type="book" year="1828">Ehrenberg, 1828</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF46052FCB4F8946A20D44D" authority="A. Adams, 1848" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1848" box="[819,1363,1882,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Heptabranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burnettii">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF46052FCB4F8946B2AD452" box="[819,1113,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="562">Heptabranchus burnettii</emphasis>
A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF46052FB2DF8946A20D44D" author="Adams" box="[1194,1363,1882,1904]" firstAuthor="Adams" pageId="27" pageNumber="562" pagination="1843 - 46" refId="ref52855" refString="Adams A. 1848. Notes from a journal of research into the natural history of the countries visited during the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang, under the command of captain Sir E. Belcher, C. B. In: Belcher E, ed. Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. Samarang During the Years 1843 - 46, Vol. 2. London: Reeve and Reeve, 223 - 252." type="book chapter" year="1848">Adams, 1848</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF16057FF09FF0A6D75D3E4" authority="Abraham, 1877" authorityName="Abraham" authorityYear="1877" box="[142,518,196,218]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Aethedoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="565" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF16057FF09FF0A6E23D3E4" box="[142,336,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="565">Aethedoris indica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB3E9FFF16057FED2FF0A6D75D3E4" author="Abraham" box="[341,518,196,218]" firstAuthor="Abraham" pageId="30" pageNumber="565" pagination="196 - 269" refId="ref52815" refString="Abraham PS. 1877. Revision of the anthobranchiate nudibranchiate Mollusca, with descriptions or notices of forty-one hitherto undescribed species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877: 196 - 269, plates 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1877">Abraham, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are also regarded as synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB59BFFF16057FEA0FF2C6D39D3C5" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[295,586,226,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hexabranchidae" genus="Hexabranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="565" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B94F120AFFF16057FEA0FF2C6D39D3C5" box="[295,586,226,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="565">Hexabranchus sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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