455 lines
58 KiB
XML
455 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="69C12574E221CFE63C80F146E51BC3AA" ID-CLB-Dataset="7746" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e42658a2-0e15-4e90-9bc5-0d00cbcbd781" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605963" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:697FC553-E37B-4EF9-97A4-950E4DEE246C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615828395930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zouhri, Samir, Gingerich, Philip D., Khalloufi, Bouziane, Bourdon, Estelle, Adnet, Sylvain, Jouve, Stéphane, Elboudali, Najia, Amane, Ayoub, Rage, Jean-Claude & Tabuce, Rodolphe" docDate="2021" docId="03923C45FF91FF9930DBFACCFBEF1185" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.5.121-150.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pterosphenus schweinfurthi" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFAB443DFF81FF883018FFDFFF95166E" masterDocTitle="Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1698933443279" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3F4F1C63352A4361C845FC585D7FE05">
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<mods:title id="D363C9B6186675732E5277547E403085">Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09FF89D86B6C930C73932B10B930683E">Zouhri, Samir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2115FAB59C10455226F46BED549CC7D6">Gingerich, Philip D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2C3FFB41671F2E9044A90D61D6E53C8">Khalloufi, Bouziane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F786D031878863953C01775F10338692">Bourdon, Estelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="92BFEA3785BCE5CA9E44A0ADB156FD66">Adnet, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C3C8E4B8E7DA53EA32867520A5A65DD">Jouve, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86C54428D8E2B27DCFD8CE35CC112CA8">Elboudali, Najia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43A7E8837D3E3B78F8BC686F15DB6D44">Amane, Ayoub</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="433AC3CE71BC7519E0A4DA3161DCA2A9">Rage, Jean-Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="126D29F7DBFBB5D5B4F472A216389901">Tabuce, Rodolphe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5F442ACF26052A7793A99ADB36AB0F03">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E54F232D37A3413DE6C85EC63B4A2053">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3B42216C4D789C145B0A05CD3DF4E2A0">
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<mods:date id="DB618B65ED482B3CD3E0A54EE39276C0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E9D9DA1D2064491E128F559D6E4003C">2021-03-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D523DEDDBCA00C83D851FB7207BF9CAE">43</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6446A8491AB284511C279BB96C83AC9B">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="09E5569F5DD0E1521B3E086AE2808059">121</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1AB4CD9541C06BFCDF0CB96216E1E393">150</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="40F9369E49113ACF0D15C3C4228C3B47">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0F6639725871ADB4E5A13D86F65C979D" type="CLB-Dataset">7746</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A65ABFA1DBD9ACAB7EB22E5754353408" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9CC95D4A6C13DA6B36A355F5F8FE84ED" type="GBIF-Dataset">e42658a2-0e15-4e90-9bc5-0d00cbcbd781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52AFED63D703A7C373A682B60C851AC1" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03923C45FF91FF9930DBFACCFBEF1185" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4606645" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180569449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4606645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03923C45FF91FF9930DBFACCFBEF1185" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03923C45FF91FF9930DBFACCFBEF1185" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
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<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF91FF9830DBFACCFD5D1340" box="[195,712,1299,1326]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF9830DBFACCFD5D1340" blockId="16.[195,712,1299,1326]" box="[195,712,1299,1326]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
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<heading id="D0CC3A3FFF91FF9830DBFACCFD5D1340" box="[195,712,1299,1326]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF91FF9830DBFACCFD5D1340" authority="(Andrews, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[195,712,1299,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF91FF9830DBFACCFEC51340" bold="true" box="[195,336,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF91FF983160FACCFD9E1340" bold="true" box="[376,523,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF91FF983201FACCFD551340" author="ANDREWS C. W." box="[537,704,1299,1326]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="436 - 444" refId="ref18994" refString="ANDREWS C. W. 1901. - Preliminary note on some recently discovered extinct vertebrates from Egypt. Geological Magazine 4: 436 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800179750" type="journal article" year="1901">Andrews, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF91FF98309CFA92FE5813A0" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98309CFA92FE5813A0" blockId="16.[130,775,1356,1486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
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EXAMINED MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B53870EFF91FF983168FA92FE5813A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053068308" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
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Four vertebrae recovered from the Garouaze Locality in Gueran Depression. Two of the specimens (FSAC Bouj -300 and 317) clearly belong to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF91FF9831F0FA5EFDE713F7" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[488,626,1409,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palaeophiidae</taxonomicName>
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. The two other vertebrae (FSAC Bouj -316 and 318) are very incomplete, but they also likely belong to palaeophiids.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF91FF99309CFA2CFD32177F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98309CFA2CFE801065" blockId="16.[131,777,1523,2027]" box="[132,277,1523,1549]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98309CF9CDFDF311E5" blockId="16.[131,777,1523,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
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The description is mainly based on FSAC Bouj-317 (
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<figureCitation id="130091D6FF91FF983096F9EDFF451022" box="[142,208,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1540,1557]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,781,1349]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Serpentes and Aves from Sabkha of Gueran: A-F, Serpentes, vertebrae: A-E, FSAC Bouj-317, in anterior (A), right lateral (B), dorsal (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views; F, FSAC Bouj-300 in anterior view; G-K, Aves from Sabkha of Gueran, Pelagornis sp. (Pelagornithidae), FSAC Bouj-373, two fragments of maxillary rostrum: G, K, posterior fragment in right lateral (G) and left lateral (K) views; H-J, tip of maxillary rostrum in right lateral (H), ventral (I) and left lateral (J) views. Abbreviations: c, culmen; fos, fossae for reception of mandibular pseudo-teeth; ls, longitudinal sulcus; plr, palatal ridge; r1-r4, rank 1-rank 4 pseudoteeth; tc, tomial crest; tf, transverse furrow. Pseudo-teeth (PT1-PT6) and tomial pseudo-teeth (TT1-TT2) are numbered consecutively from the most proximal to the most distal. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605977/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A-E) but more information is drawn from FSAC Bouj-300 (
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<figureCitation id="130091D6FF91FF9830E4F98DFED91003" box="[252,332,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1540,1557]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,781,1349]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Serpentes and Aves from Sabkha of Gueran: A-F, Serpentes, vertebrae: A-E, FSAC Bouj-317, in anterior (A), right lateral (B), dorsal (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views; F, FSAC Bouj-300 in anterior view; G-K, Aves from Sabkha of Gueran, Pelagornis sp. (Pelagornithidae), FSAC Bouj-373, two fragments of maxillary rostrum: G, K, posterior fragment in right lateral (G) and left lateral (K) views; H-J, tip of maxillary rostrum in right lateral (H), ventral (I) and left lateral (J) views. Abbreviations: c, culmen; fos, fossae for reception of mandibular pseudo-teeth; ls, longitudinal sulcus; plr, palatal ridge; r1-r4, rank 1-rank 4 pseudoteeth; tc, tomial crest; tf, transverse furrow. Pseudo-teeth (PT1-PT6) and tomial pseudo-teeth (TT1-TT2) are numbered consecutively from the most proximal to the most distal. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605977/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
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). These vertebrae belong to a large snake. In FSAC Bouj-317, measurements are as follows: centrum length, from the cotyle rim to the tip of condyle =
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<quantity id="4CC320B6FF91FF983284F94DFC9710C3" box="[668,770,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="21.7">21.7 mm</quantity>
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; horizontal diameter of cotyle =
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<quantity id="4CC320B6FF91FF9831CBF96DFDAC10A3" box="[467,569,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
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; zygosphene width =
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<quantity id="4CC320B6FF91FF983083F90DFE991082" box="[155,268,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="13.7">13.7 mm</quantity>
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. FSAC Bouj-300 is larger, but its centrum length cannot be measured; the horizontal diameter of its condyle is approximately
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<quantity id="4CC320B6FF91FF9831B5F8CDFD821142" box="[429,535,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="19.9">19.9 mm</quantity>
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and the width of its zygosphene is
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<quantity id="4CC320B6FF91FF98313EF8EEFE1A1122" box="[294,399,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="21.6">21.6 mm</quantity>
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. Both vertebrae are tall, short and compressed laterally. FSAC Bouj-317 preserves incomplete pterapophyses above the postzygapophyses.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF983083F84DFAB8147E" blockId="16.[131,777,1523,2027]" lastBlockId="16.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
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In anterior view, FSAC Bouj-317 is clearly compressed laterally, and is very narrow. The cotyle is broad and approximately circular but somewhat truncated dorsally. The size of the preserved prezygapophysis, on the right side, appears much reduced compared to the cotyle. The neural canal is small. The articular facet of the prezygapophysis lies approximately at the level of the floor of the neural canal. The width of the zygosphene is nearly similar to that of the cotyle. The zygosphene is relatively thick and arches dorsally. The top of the zygosphene forms the base of the anterior border of the neural spine. FSAC Bouj -300 differs from FSAC Bouj-
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<quantity id="4CC320B6FF91FF9833A1FE09FB95179E" box="[953,1024,470,496]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0518" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="in" value="317.0">317 in</quantity>
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being slightly less compressed laterally and in having a markedly thicker zygosphene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98335BFDC8FC651541" blockId="16.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">In dorsal view, FSAC Bouj-317 appears narrow and comparatively elongate. The interzygapophyseal constriction is so shallow that it is almost not expressed. The axis of the small prezygapophyseal facet is directed anterolaterally. The anterior border of the zygosphene forms an obtuse notch. The neural spine extends through the whole preserved length of the neural arch; anteriorly, it reaches the anterior border of the zygosphene. FSAC Bouj-300 was likely less narrow and less elongate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98335BFCE9FC261320" blockId="16.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">In lateral aspect, the neural spine is long anteroposteriorly; unfortunately, its dorsal part is broken away and its height cannot be estimated. Its anterior border comprises a vertical portion that rises from the zygosphene and a longer, posteriorly inclined dorsal portion. The vertebra does not preserve the tips of both prezygapophyses, so that the length of the latter remains unknown. The anterior edge of the pterapophyses is inclined posterodorsally at an angle of approximately 45°. The interzygapophyseal ridge is very prominent but blunt. The prezygapophyseal buttress forms an anterolateral sharp ridge. Unfortunately, the two paradiapophyses are completely eroded and hypapophyses are not preserved. The axis of the condyle is horizontal. FSAC Bouj-300 only provides one additional information: it bears the basis of a vertical hypapophysis. It is not possible to determine whether or not an anterior hypapophysis was present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98335BFA8CFB2D1022" blockId="16.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">The ventral face of the centrum of FSAC Bouj-317 is narrow and elongate, not limited by subcentral ridges. The sagittal area is damaged. The bases of the paradiapophyses are markedly separated from each other. The ventral face of FSAC Bouj-300 is poorly preserved. However, its sagittal area forms a carina. The hypapophysis originates from the posterior portion of this carina. Apparently, there is no room for an anterior hypapophysis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF98335BF98DFB8A1162" blockId="16.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">The posterior aspect of FSAC Bouj-317 is striking. Above the neural canal, the neural arch is extremely thick and bounded laterally by vertical borders. The dorsolateral parts of the neural arch form the bases of the broken pterapophyses. The posterior face of FSAC Bouj-300 does not display observable characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF91FF99335BF8CDFD32177F" blockId="16.[811,1457,215,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[132,775,215,274]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">FSAC Bouj-316 and 318 are two centra whose morphology is consistent with those of FSAC Bouj-300 and 317. Although very incomplete, both specimens bear an entirely preserved hypapophysis. In both vertebrae, the short, laterally compressed hypapophysis shows a vertical posterior border that contacts the condyle and a weakly (in FSAC Bouj-318) or strongly (in FSAC Bouj-316) inclined anterior border. It is not possible to determine whether an anterior hypapophysis was present in these two vertebrae.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF90FF99309CFEE8FBEF1185" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF90FF99309CFEE8FE381721" blockId="17.[131,777,311,2028]" box="[132,429,311,337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">COMPARISON AND REMARKS</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF90FF99309CFE88FD56143F" blockId="17.[131,777,311,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
|
|
The lateral compression, reduced prezygapophyses, prezygapophyseal buttresses forming an anterolateral edge, presence of pterapophyses and horizontal axis of condyle constitute a combination of characters that occur only in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99329FFE69FF3B179E" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palaeophiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In addition, the shortness and height of the vertebrae, as well as low position of the zygapophyseal plane, make it possible to discard the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9931B8FDC9FDC4145E" box="[416,593,534,560]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Archaeophiinae">Archaeophiinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and to refer the specimens to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993153FDE9FD2B143F" authority="(Rage et al. 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Rage" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[331,702,566,593]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeophiinae">
|
|
Palaeophiinae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9931E1FDE8FD24143E" author="RAGE J. - C. & BAJPAI S. & THEWISSEN J. G. M. & TIWARI B. N." box="[505,689,566,593]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="695 - 716" refId="ref24837" refString="RAGE J. - C., BAJPAI S., THEWISSEN J. G. M. & TIWARI B. N. 2003. - Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas 25: 695 - 716." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|
Rage
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993221FDE8FDFA143E" box="[569,623,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF90FF993083FD89FD891201" blockId="17.[131,777,311,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
|
|
Two genera,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993128FD89FDAD141E" authority="Owen, 1841" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[304,568,598,624]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Palaeophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993128FD89FE37141E" box="[304,418,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Palaeophis</emphasis>
|
|
Owen, 1841
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99326DFD89FC95141E" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1899" box="[629,768,598,624]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99326DFD89FC95141E" box="[629,768,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, are assigned to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99314FFDA9FE6614FE" box="[343,499,630,656]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeophiinae">Palaeophiinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99320EFDA9FD2014FE" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1888" box="[534,693,630,656]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palaeophiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a family including species of various sizes, slightly adapted to strongly specialized for aquatic life, and widely distributed from America to Asia. The species from Gueran is large and marine, and it was first identified in Fayum (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9932BDFD2AFF2B1541" author="ANDREWS C. W." pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="436 - 444" refId="ref18994" refString="ANDREWS C. W. 1901. - Preliminary note on some recently discovered extinct vertebrates from Egypt. Geological Magazine 4: 436 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800179750" type="journal article" year="1901">Andrews 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The vertebrae of the species referred to these two genera form a morphological cline (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF99323BFCE9FD3F1521" author="RAGE J. - C." box="[547,682,821,848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1741 - 1744" refId="ref24720" refString="RAGE J. - C. 1983 a. - Palaeophis colossaeus nov. sp. (le plus grand serpent connu?) de l'Eocene du Mali et le probleme du genre chez les Palaeopheidae. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences, serie II, 296: 1741 - 1744." type="journal article" year="1983">Rage 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Compared with the generalized snake vertebrae,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99328AFC8AFC921501" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[658,775,853,879]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Palaeophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99328AFC8AFC921501" box="[658,775,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Palaeophis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species have vertebrae displaying the more conservative morphology. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993123FC4AFE5315C1" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1899" box="[315,454,917,943]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993123FC4AFE5315C1" box="[315,454,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, vertebrae are more laterally compressed, the prezygapophyses are more reduced, and the pterapophyses are taller than in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993202FC0BFD191580" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[538,652,980,1006]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Palaeophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993202FC0BFD191580" box="[538,652,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Palaeophis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, in the morphocline, there is a blurred transition between species that may be referred to either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993234FBCBFD0B1240" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[556,670,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Palaeophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993234FBCBFD0B1240" box="[556,670,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Palaeophis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9932DDFBCAFF421220" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1899" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9932DDFBCAFF421220" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; the distinction between the two genera is phenotypic and artificial (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF99319DFB8AFD9E1200" author="RAGE J. - C." box="[389,523,1108,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1741 - 1744" refId="ref24720" refString="RAGE J. - C. 1983 a. - Palaeophis colossaeus nov. sp. (le plus grand serpent connu?) de l'Eocene du Mali et le probleme du genre chez les Palaeopheidae. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences, serie II, 296: 1741 - 1744." type="journal article" year="1983">Rage 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF90FF993083FBABFD3A1082" blockId="17.[131,777,311,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
|
|
Fortunately, the morphology of the vertebrae from Gueran is consistent with that of the more derived species. Consequently, the specimens are assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99326CFB6BFD6B12A0" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1899" box="[628,766,1204,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99326CFB6BFD6B12A0" box="[628,766,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This assignment based on the degree of lateral compression and height of the vertebrae is confirmed by the continuity between the top of the zygosphene and the anterior border of the neural spine; this feature is known only in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99309DFA8CFE391300" authority="(Rage 1983 b)" baseAuthorityName="Rage" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[133,428,1363,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99309DFA8CFE9B1303" box="[133,270,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF993104FA8BFE341303" author="RAGE J. - C." box="[284,417,1363,1390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="213 - 241" refId="ref24773" refString="RAGE J. - C. 1983 b. - Les serpents aquatiques de l'Eocene europeen. Definition des especes et aspects stratigraphiques. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, section C, Sciences de la Terre, 4 eme serie, 5 (2): 213 - 241. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 55630508" type="journal article" year="1983">Rage 1983b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This character unquestionably occurs in FSAC Bouj-300 and FSAC Bouj-317 (it cannot be checked in FSAC Bouj-316 and FSAC Bouj-318). The zygosphene of FSAC Bouj-300 is markedly thicker and narrower than that of FSAC Bouj-317, which corresponds to intracolumnar variation. FSAC Bouj-300 is a vertebra from the mid-trunk portion whereas FSAC Bouj-317 comes from the posterior trunk region. The smaller size of FSAC Bouj-317 likely also reflects intracolumnar variation; the anterior and posterior trunk regions of palaeophiids appear to have been slenderer than the mid-trunk portion. FSAC Bouj-300 and 317 likely belong to the same species (but no conclusion can be made about 316 and 318).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF90FF993083F92DFBAB1320" blockId="17.[131,777,311,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
|
|
Five recognized species belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993235F92DFD2E1162" baseAuthorityName="Rage" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[557,699,1778,1804]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993235F92DFD2E1162" box="[557,699,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9932D7F92DFE941142" author="RAGE J. - C. & BAJPAI S. & THEWISSEN J. G. M. & TIWARI B. N." pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="695 - 716" refId="ref24837" refString="RAGE J. - C., BAJPAI S., THEWISSEN J. G. M. & TIWARI B. N. 2003. - Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas 25: 695 - 716." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|
Rage
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99309CF8CDFF281142" box="[132,189,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF99310BF8CDFDC01142" author="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R." box="[275,597,1810,1836]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1029580" refId="ref23806" refString="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R. 2016. - A late Eocene snake fauna from the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1): e 1029580. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2015. 1029580" type="journal article" year="2016">McCartney & Seiffert 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
):
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993269F8CDFD6A1142" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" box="[625,767,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993269F8CDFD141145" box="[625,641,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99328BF8CDFD6A1142" box="[659,767,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the
|
|
<typeStatus id="548033F1FF90FF9930AAF8EDFF761122" box="[178,227,1842,1868]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species, middle (Bartonian and?Lutetian) and late (Priabonian) Eocene of the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF90FF9931FFF88EFD171102" box="[487,642,1873,1900]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">United States</collectingCountry>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993293F88DFF5611E5" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993293F88DFD0E1105" box="[651,667,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9932B1F88EFF5611E5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, late Eocene (Bartonian) of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF90FF993213F8AEFDDF11E5" box="[523,586,1905,1931]" name="Libya" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
|
and late Eocene (Priabonian) of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF90FF993158F84DFE1211C2" box="[320,391,1938,1964]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
|
: note that
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF993210F84EFF4711A2" author="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R." pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1029580" refId="ref23806" refString="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R. 2016. - A late Eocene snake fauna from the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1): e 1029580. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2015. 1029580" type="journal article" year="2016">McCartney & Seiffert (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
assigned an Eocene/Oligocene age to the fossils from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF90FF9930DEF80EFE9C1185" box="[198,265,2001,2027]" name="Libya" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
|
; however, we follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF993219F80EFC921182" author="ABOUESSA A. & PELLETIER J. & DURINGER P. & SCHUSTER M. & FER P. & METAIS E. & BENAMMI M. & SALEM M. & HLAL O. & NET M. & JAEGER J. J. & RUBINO J. L." box="[513,775,2001,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref18746" refString="ABOUESSA A., PELLETIER J., DURINGER P., SCHUSTER M., SCHAEF- FER P., METAIS E., BENAMMI M., SALEM M., HLAL O., BRU- NET M., JAEGER J. J. & RUBINO J. L. 2012. - New insight into the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Dur At Talah tidal-fluvial transition sequence (Eocene-Oligocene, Sirt Basin, Libya). Journal of African Earth Sciences 65: 72 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2012.02.004" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Abouessa
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99326DF80DFD3A1185" box="[629,687,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
who referred the Libyan locality to the late Bartonian.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993580FF07FC03177F" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1958" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sheppardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993580FF07FA3D169F" box="[1432,1448,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993335FF28FC03177F" box="[813,918,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">sheppardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, late Eocene of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF90FF99344FFF28FB2F177F" box="[1111,1210,247,273]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934D1FF27FACC177F" box="[1225,1369,247,274]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutchensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934D1FF27FB4C177F" box="[1225,1241,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934F2FF28FACC177F" box="[1258,1369,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">kutchensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993580FF27FCEE175F" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993580FF27FA3D177F" box="[1432,1448,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993335FEC8FCEE175F" box="[813,891,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">biswasi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, both from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF90FF993574FEC8FA3E175F" box="[1388,1451,279,305]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The fact that paradiapophyses are clearly separated from each other and that the anterior border of the neural spine reaches the anterior border of the zygosphene allows to exclude
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99339FFE48FB8517DE" box="[903,1040,406,433]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutchensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99339FFE48FC0217DE" box="[903,919,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933BCFE49FB8517DE" box="[932,1040,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">kutchensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The morphology of FSAC Bouj-300 and 317 is close to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993441FE68FB5317BE" box="[1113,1222,438,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993441FE68FBFC17BE" box="[1113,1129,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993460FE69FB5317BE" box="[1144,1222,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">biswasi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, the latter species differs from FSAC Bouj-300 and
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF90FF9934E7FE09FADC179E" box="[1279,1353,470,496]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0518" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" unit="in" value="317.0">317 in</quantity>
|
|
having a less concave anterior border of the zygosphene. Another possible difference is that, on the centrum, the base of each paradiapophysis is less extended dorsoventrally in FSAC Bouj-317 (not observable in FSAC Bouj-300) than in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993355FDA8FC2B14FE" box="[845,958,630,656]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993355FDA8FCC814FE" box="[845,861,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993377FDA9FC2B14FE" box="[879,958,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">biswasi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Comparison with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934BCFDA8FABB14FE" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1958" box="[1188,1326,630,656]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sheppardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934BCFDA8FB2114FE" box="[1188,1204,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934DEFDA9FABB14FE" box="[1222,1326,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">sheppardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is difficult because this species is only represented by five articulated vertebrae. If the vertebrae were articulated, several significant characters would have been concealed. However, the pterapophyses of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993407FD29FB301561" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1958" box="[1055,1189,757,784]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sheppardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993407FD29FBBA1561" box="[1055,1071,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993426FD2AFB301561" box="[1086,1189,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">sheppardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are smaller and shorter than those of FSAC Bouj-317 (no possible comparison with FSAC Bouj-300). If this difference is not an intracolumnar variation, then it is significant at the species level variations. Distinction between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934CCFCA9FACA15E1" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" box="[1236,1375,885,911]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934CCFCA9FB7115E1" box="[1236,1252,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934EBFCAAFACA15E1" box="[1267,1375,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993580FCA9FC5715C1" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993580FCA9FA3D15E1" box="[1432,1448,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993335FC4AFC5715C1" box="[813,962,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not clear. Specific differences that were put forward are perhaps only intracolumnar variation (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF99332EFC0AFC721581" author="RAGE J. - C. & BAJPAI S. & THEWISSEN J. G. M. & TIWARI B. N." box="[822,999,980,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="695 - 716" refId="ref24837" refString="RAGE J. - C., BAJPAI S., THEWISSEN J. G. M. & TIWARI B. N. 2003. - Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas 25: 695 - 716." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|
Rage
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99336BFC0AFC321580" box="[883,935,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9933EDFC0BFA901581" author="PARMLEY D. & DEVORE M." box="[1013,1285,980,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="703 - 722" refId="ref24511" refString="PARMLEY D. & DEVORE M. 2005. - Palaeopheid snakes from the late Eocene Hardie Mine local fauna of Central Georgia. Southeastern Naturalist 4: 703 - 722. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 3878233" type="journal article" year="2005">Parmley & Devore 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF99350AFC0AFC2A1260" author="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R." pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1029580" refId="ref23806" refString="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R. 2016. - A late Eocene snake fauna from the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1): e 1029580. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2015. 1029580" type="journal article" year="2016">McCartney & Seiffert 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9933CEFC2BFB691260" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[982,1276,1012,1038]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933CEFC2BFB691260" box="[982,1276,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may be a junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9933ABFBCAFBA91240" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" box="[947,1084,1044,1071]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933ABFBCAFC561240" box="[947,963,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933CAFBCBFBA91240" box="[978,1084,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but this cannot be demonstrated. FSAC Bouj-300 and 317 do not show significant differences with the known vertebrae of both
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934EBFB8AFAEB1200" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" box="[1267,1406,1108,1135]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934EBFB8AFA961200" box="[1267,1283,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99350AFB8BFAEB1200" box="[1298,1406,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993334FBAAFC4812E0" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[812,989,1140,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993334FBAAFCA912E0" box="[812,828,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993352FBABFC4812E0" box="[842,989,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9933F5FBAAFBF812E0" author="LUCAS F. A." box="[1005,1133,1140,1167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="637 - 638" refId="ref23094" refString="LUCAS F. A. 1899. - A new snake from the Eocene of Alabama. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1164: 637 - 638." type="journal article" year="1899">Lucas 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF993463FBABFA8A12E0" author="JANENSCH W." box="[1147,1311,1140,1166]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="307 - 350" refId="ref22000" refString="JANENSCH W. 1906. - Pterosphenus schweinfurthi Andrews und die Entwicklung der Palaeophiden. Archiv fur Biontologie 1: 307 - 350." type="journal article" year="1906">Janensch 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF993534FBAAFC2212C0" author="WESTGATE J. W. & WARD J. F." pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref26258" refString="WESTGATE J. W. & WARD J. F. 1981. - The giant aquatic snake Pterosphenus schucherti (Palaeophidae) in Arkansas and Mississipi. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1: 161 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10. 1080 / 02724634.1981.10011887" type="journal article" year="1981">Westgate & Ward, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9933D1FB4BFA9C12C0" author="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R." box="[969,1289,1172,1198]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1029580" refId="ref23806" refString="MCCARTNEY J. A. & SEIFFERT E. R. 2016. - A late Eocene snake fauna from the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1): e 1029580. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2015. 1029580" type="journal article" year="2016">McCartney & Seiffert 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, in view of the limited material and its incomplete nature and taking into account the uncertainty that remains about the possible synonymization of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993487FB2BFAC71363" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1183,1362,1267,1294]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993487FB2BFB381363" box="[1183,1197,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934A6FB2CFAC71363" box="[1214,1362,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993580FB2BFC0C1343" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993580FB2BFA3D1363" box="[1432,1448,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993335FACCFC0C1343" box="[813,921,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we assign the material from Gueran to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99357EFACBFBA21323" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99357EFACBFCE21323" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933BBFAECFBA21323" box="[931,1079,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF90FF99335BFA8BFBEF1185" blockId="17.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
|
|
It is worth noting that the geographically close locality of Ad-Dakhla yielded some palaeophiid vertebrae. Bedbone 1 from which the palaeophiid fossils in Ad-Dakhla area came from is slightly younger than the fossiliferous level of Gueran.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF90FF9933B3FA0CFB1E1383" author="ZOUHRI S. & GINGERICH P. D. & ELBOUDALI N. & SEBTI S. & NOUBHANI A. & RAHALI M. & MESLOUH S." box="[939,1163,1491,1517]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="599 - 610" refId="ref26358" refString="ZOUHRI S., GINGERICH P. D., ELBOUDALI N., SEBTI S., NOUBHANI A., RAHALI M. & MESLOUH S. 2014. - New marine mammal faunas (Cetacea and Sirenia) and sea level change in the Samlat Formation, upper Eocene, near Ad-Dakhla in southwestern Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol 13: 599 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2014.04.002" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
Zouhri
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99341BFA0BFBAD1383" box="[1027,1080,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2014)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
assigned a Priabonian age to Bedbone 1. In the vertebrae from Ad-Dakhla, the junction between the anterior borders of the zygosphene and neural spine clearly belongs to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934DAF9EDFAD81022" baseAuthorityName="Rage" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1218,1357,1586,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934DAF9EDFAD81022" box="[1218,1357,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<typeStatus id="548033F1FF90FF99354DF9ECFA1C1023" box="[1365,1417,1587,1613]" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
|
|
. In addition, one (unnumbered) incomplete vertebra displays proportions that are similar to those of the known vertebrae of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF993360F94CFBBE10C2" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[888,1067,1682,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993360F94CFC1210C2" box="[888,903,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99338FF94DFBBE10C2" box="[919,1067,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993433F94CFBA110C3" box="[1067,1076,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">-</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99342DF94CFB5510C2" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" box="[1077,1216,1682,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99342DF94CFBD010C2" box="[1077,1093,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99344CF94DFB5510C2" box="[1108,1216,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
assemblage and may be referred to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9933D4F96CFB3410A2" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[972,1185,1714,1741]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933D4F96CFC4910A2" box="[972,988,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
. cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993415F96DFB3410A2" box="[1037,1185,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, one vertebra from Ad-Dakhla (Dak-349) is less compressed laterally and its proportions resemble those of species belonging to the transition between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99345FF8CDFB221142" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[1095,1207,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Palaeophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99345FF8CDFB221142" box="[1095,1207,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Palaeophis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934F6F8CDFAE21142" baseAuthorityName="Rage" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1262,1399,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934F6F8CDFAE21142" box="[1262,1399,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is not possible to state whether Dak-349 belongs to a species distinct from the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9933F4F88DFB091105" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1004,1180,1873,1900]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9933F4F88DFC691105" box="[1004,1020,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993412F88EFB091105" box="[1034,1180,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993485F88DFB331102" box="[1181,1190,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">-</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF9934BEF88DFABB1105" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1898" box="[1190,1326,1873,1900]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schucherti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934BEF88DFB231105" box="[1190,1206,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF9934DBF88EFABB1105" box="[1219,1326,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schucherti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
assemblage or if it represents an intracolumnar variation of the later assemblage that was hitherto unknown. Whatever the case may be,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF90FF99339FF86EFB5F11A5" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[903,1226,1969,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeophiidae" genus="Pterosphenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schweinfurthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF99339FF86EFB8511A5" box="[903,1040,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">Pterosphenus</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF90FF993420F86EFB5F11A5" box="[1080,1226,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="136">schweinfurthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is present in Gueran (Bartonian) as in Ad-Dakhla.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |