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<mods:title id="97B36EF18FBABE48524948507F186B3E">Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0CC2E50FFC1FFC3AEC15AB61B09FA2D" bold="true" box="[151,568,1422,1447]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AEC15AB61B09FA2D" ID-CoL="ZXR8" authority="Fraser, 1913 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,568,1422,1447]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triserialis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC15AB61B09FA2D" bold="true" box="[151,568,1422,1447]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC15AB618BEFA2D" bold="true" box="[151,399,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cryptolaria triserialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AFC05AB61B09FA2D" box="[406,568,1422,1447]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref74802" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1913 b) Hydroids from Nova Scotia. Victoria Memorial Museum Bulletin, 1, 157 - 186. [23 October 1913: date on cover of the bulletin] https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 104952" type="journal article">Fraser, 1913b</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AEC15AE91BDFFA6D" blockId="39.[151,818,1489,1603]" box="[151,750,1489,1511]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC1FFC3AEC15AE91BDFFA6D" box="[151,750,1489,1511]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AEC15AE9183EFA6D" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,271,1489,1511]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC15AE9183EFA6D" box="[151,271,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AF615AE91B50FA6D" ID-CoL="3H5Y4" authority="Levinsen, 1893: 173" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="1893" box="[311,609,1489,1511]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Grammaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AF615AE918B8FA6D" box="[311,393,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC1FFC3AFD95AE91B50FA6D" author="" box="[399,609,1489,1511]" page="173" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AFD95AE91B1EFA6D" box="[399,559,1489,1511]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref79585" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1893) Meduser, ctenophorer og hydroider fra Gronlands vestkyst, tilligemed bemaerkninger om hydroidernes systematik. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, Series 5, 4, 143 - 220." type="journal article">Levinsen, 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 5, fig. 21.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AEC15AC81BDCF98C" blockId="39.[151,818,1489,1603]" box="[151,749,1520,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC1FFC3AEC15AC81BDCF98C" box="[151,749,1520,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AEC15AC81B0CF98C" ID-CoL="ZXR8" authority="Fraser, 1913 b: 170" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,573,1520,1542]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triserialis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC15AC81846F98C" box="[151,375,1520,1542]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cryptolaria triserialis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC1FFC3AF2B5AC91B0CF98C" author="" box="[381,573,1520,1542]" page="170" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AF2B5AC91B3DF98C" box="[381,524,1520,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref74802" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1913 b) Hydroids from Nova Scotia. Victoria Memorial Museum Bulletin, 1, 157 - 186. [23 October 1913: date on cover of the bulletin] https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 104952" type="journal article">Fraser, 1913b</bibRefCitation>
: 170
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, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AEC159371B64F9AE" blockId="39.[151,818,1489,1603]" box="[151,597,1550,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC1FFC3AEC159371B64F9AE" box="[151,597,1550,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AEC159371857F9AE" ID-CoL="3H5Y4" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,358,1550,1572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Grammaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC159371857F9AE" box="[151,358,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Grammaria borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC1FFC3AFD259361B60F9AE" author="" box="[388,593,1550,1572]" page="147" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AFD259361B2FF9AE" box="[388,542,1550,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref82957" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Αmerikas und anderer Gebiete. II. Teil. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 47, 29 - 270." type="journal article">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 147
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.
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<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AEC159151A03F9C9" blockId="39.[151,818,1489,1603]" box="[151,818,1581,1603]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC1FFC3AEC159151A03F9C9" box="[151,818,1581,1603]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AEC1591518B0F9C9" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,385,1581,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triserialis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC1591518B0F9C9" box="[151,385,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acryptolaria triserialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC1FFC3AFC959161B6EF9C9" author="" box="[415,607,1581,1603]" page="213" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AFC959161B1CF9C9" box="[415,557,1581,1603]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser, 1944a</bibRefCitation>
: 213
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 42, figs. 194ac.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AEC159571B0DF902" blockId="39.[151,1436,1647,1997]" box="[151,572,1647,1672]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AEC159571874F902" bold="true" box="[151,325,1647,1672]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type material.</emphasis>
None known to exist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AE9159AC1C71F927" blockId="39.[151,1436,1647,1997]" box="[199,1344,1684,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B539361FFC1FFC3AE9159AC1C71F927" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915525906" box="[199,1344,1684,1709]" country="Canada" county="Chedabucto Bay" elevation="37" location="Durells Island" municipality="Canso" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nova Scotia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AE9159AC1854F927" bold="true" box="[199,357,1684,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC1FFC3AE9159AC1833F927" box="[199,258,1684,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFC1FFC3AF3A59AC18F2F927" box="[364,451,1684,1709]" name="Canada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFC1FFC3AF9859AD1B6DF927" box="[462,604,1684,1709]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62E5E1B0FFC1FFC3AC3059AC1A10F927" box="[614,801,1684,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chedabucto Bay</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE00346FFC1FFC3AD7A59AC1A44F926" box="[812,885,1684,1708]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Canso</collectingMunicipality>
, off
<location id="8EE4CFE7FFC1FFC3ADF159AC1D79F927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392282AFFC1FFC3AEC15AB61C2BF846:8EE4CFE7FFC1FFC3ADF159AC1D79F927" box="[935,1096,1684,1709]" country="Canada" county="Chedabucto Bay" municipality="Canso" name="Durells Island" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Nova Scotia">Durells Island</location>
,
<quantity id="4CC334D9FFC1FFC3AA0559AC1DBCF926" box="[1107,1165,1684,1708]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="37.0">
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AACD59AC1C05F927" box="[1179,1332,1684,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref74802" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1913 b) Hydroids from Nova Scotia. Victoria Memorial Museum Bulletin, 1, 157 - 186. [23 October 1913: date on cover of the bulletin] https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 104952" type="journal article">Fraser 1913b</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AE91598F18EBF95A" blockId="39.[151,1436,1647,1997]" box="[199,474,1719,1744]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AE91598F184DF95A" bold="true" box="[199,380,1719,1744]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Current status.</emphasis>
Invalid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFC1FFC3AE9159E41C2BF846" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AE9159E4183CF8EA" blockId="39.[151,1436,1647,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AE9159E4180AF97F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1756,1781]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
No collections of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AC5959E41A9FF97F" authority="Fraser, 1913 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1913" box="[527,942,1756,1781]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triserialis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AC5959E41A38F97F" box="[527,777,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cryptolaria triserialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AD4759E51A9FF97F" box="[785,942,1756,1781]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref74802" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1913 b) Hydroids from Nova Scotia. Victoria Memorial Museum Bulletin, 1, 157 - 186. [23 October 1913: date on cover of the bulletin] https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 104952" type="journal article">Fraser, 1913b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC1FFC3ADED59E51ADAF97F" box="[955,1003,1757,1781]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
or otherwise, could be located during this study. The species was not mentioned as part of the Fraser Hydroid Collection by Arai (1977), and it was not found by us during this study in either the online database, or the collections, or a museum catalogue of the collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC1FFC3AE9158541C2BF846" blockId="39.[151,1436,1647,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AE915854189AF80E" box="[199,427,1900,1925]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref72164" refString="Cairns, S. D., Calder, D. R., Brinckmann-Voss, Α., Castro, C. B., Fautin, D. G., Pugh, P. R., Mills, C. E., Jaap, W. C., Αrai, M. N., Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2002) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 28, 1 - 115." type="journal article">
Cairns
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AF4C5855187EF80F" box="[282,335,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
followed
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AC7558551BFAF80E" box="[547,715,1900,1924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser (1944a)</bibRefCitation>
in assigning the species to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AA4458541C65F80F" authority="Norman, 1875" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1875" box="[1042,1364,1900,1925]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AA4458541D90F80F" box="[1042,1185,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acryptolaria</emphasis>
Norman, 1875
</taxonomicName>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3ABD258541835F822" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triserialis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3ABD258541835F822" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A. triserialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AFDA58A81B1EF822" box="[396,559,1936,1960]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref79348" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1932) The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Hydroids. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 79 (1), 1 - 86." type="journal article">Kramp (1932)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3ACF358A81A06F822" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1913" box="[677,823,1935,1960]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triserialis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3ACF358A81A06F822" box="[677,823,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C. triserialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC1FFC3AA6658A819EBF846" authority="(Levinsen, 1893)" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Grammaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC1FFC3AA6658A81C2BF822" box="[1072,1306,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Grammaria borealis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AB7B58B719E3F846" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref79585" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1893) Meduser, ctenophorer og hydroider fra Gronlands vestkyst, tilligemed bemaerkninger om hydroidernes systematik. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, Series 5, 4, 143 - 220." type="journal article">Levinsen, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a conclusion adopted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3AFAB588D1B83F846" box="[509,690,1972,1996]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref83949" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article">Vervoort (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC1FFC3ACE8588C1ABEF846" box="[702,911,1972,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref82361" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om GrOnland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article">Schuchert (2001a)</bibRefCitation>
, Antsulevich (2015), and WoRMS.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>