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<document id="923E3859B427E6DF1A1C87420F8B453E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4509124" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4509124" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612548386953" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Das, Indraneil" docDate="2008" docId="03910E6DC21DFFBCFC40FB3DFDD9FC9E" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.56.2.435-443.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C.5:RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Pelophryne murudensis Das 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="439" masterDocId="FFA87615C21CFFB8FFE3FFBFFFCAFFC7" masterDocTitle="Two New Species Of Pelophryne (Anura: Bufoidae) From Gunung Murud, Sarawak (Northwestern Borneo)" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="435" pageNumber="436" updateTime="1698867910331" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="0B800AAB3BA140F169AB6653E45B7EE0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="85F65D9685E5FB4D4CEC15411A3D58B7">
<mods:title id="864ACB2B970971597AF3CC2337D29A26">Two New Species Of Pelophryne (Anura: Bufoidae) From Gunung Murud, Sarawak (Northwestern Borneo)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="56DD06323E439EF92D436B415D2A0390" type="personal">
<mods:role id="59065529F5977485D6704A5B83D6429F">
<mods:roleTerm id="65074FAC867EFA33B36D731E10C2A3DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="736F625A74687BBA14EDC8E4AC483589">Das, Indraneil</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9A015B72AF387D52C1830230AA47DBFA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DD6A88A9790B8B517C6AC26D0925EBBC" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7842BCFCBBEC0E03901C94F634043A6E">
<mods:title id="FF38EB8545462B8D3728046541A13B11">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="395BE2887E3A69E3E0EE8BA65E92A720">
<mods:date id="9ADF184F412833339B24A85F6EE069D2">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0FD8697C5E0B974F5C61E89DB83BFF38" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="2BC11EF0387CA4E1870267D6933B3D33">2008-08-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E1D18F6EAB847D89BF1ED1B9B76A886C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A16B37920882D82E1975AB56B31ACBC2">56</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="113530CE97D0FD14BC835594852E24DF" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AA9A86797B00678F4815F6091C681CE8">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="26C6063031BB215BBB1F35A1B4DA707A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="056BCF054BB09BF91AA98EA9A994DE65">435</mods:start>
<mods:end id="74C8114503234495D00DB63155AB30D3">443</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="89CF26D694F44F4F8FE686D40D29B8D7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="06676A6B2C3F3EF89E58B5590B91C08C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4509124</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E31FFA1320E97E9170A781C572FB0C3E" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="70CEDFE819B6FA25FF3D89BE1C005F45" type="Zenodo-Dep">4509124</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03910E6DC21DFFBCFC40FB3DFDD9FC9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4509756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03910E6DC21DFFBCFC40FB3DFDD9FC9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03910E6DC21DFFBCFC40FB3DFDD9FC9E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<subSubSection id="C322ECF0C21DFFB9FC40FB3DFAFDFB5E" box="[931,1335,1153,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21DFFB9FC40FB3DFAFDFB5E" blockId="1.[931,1335,1153,1209]" box="[931,1335,1153,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<heading id="D0CF0817C21DFFB9FC40FB3DFAFDFB5E" bold="true" box="[931,1335,1153,1178]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FC40FB3DFAFDFB5E" bold="true" box="[931,1335,1153,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21DFFB9FC40FB3DFB60FB5D" ID-CoL="76CG7" authority="Das, 2008" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2008" box="[931,1194,1154,1178]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murudensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FC40FB3DFB60FB5D" bold="true" box="[931,1194,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Pelophryne murudensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FDE12C21DFFB9FB51FB3EFAFDFB5E" box="[1202,1335,1153,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322ECF0C21DFFB9FBD1FB1DFB62FB7E" box="[1074,1192,1186,1209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21DFFB9FBD1FB1DFB62FB7E" blockId="1.[931,1335,1153,1209]" box="[1074,1192,1186,1209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
(
<figureCitation id="1303A3FEC21DFFB9FBD9FB1DFB6AFB7E" box="[1082,1184,1186,1209]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[138,174,2066,2087]" captionStartId-1="2.[837,872,2067,2088]" captionTargetBox-0="[138,779,1613,2040]" captionTargetBox-1="[846,1462,1541,2042]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@2.[138,779,1613,2040]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@2.[837,1475,1529,2042]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Holotype of Pelophryne murudensis, new species (ZRC 1.11902) in life." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Left manus (2A) and pes (2B) of holotype of Pelophryne murudensis, new species (ZRC 1.11902). Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509126" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509128" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4509126/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4509128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322ECF0C21DFFB9FCCEFB5FFB0BF9F5" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21DFFB9FCCEFB5FFB64FAAF" blockId="1.[813,1453,1248,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FCCEFB5FFBD8FB32" bold="true" box="[813,1042,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Material examined. –</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B50B526C21DFFB9FBFEFB5FFB64FAAF" collectingDate="2003-05-04" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="I. Das" country="Malaysia" elevation="2120" latitude="3.9149446" location="northwestern Borneo" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="ZRC 1.11902" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548301D9C21DFFB9FBFEFB5FFBB5FB32" box="[1053,1151,1248,1269]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FB6FFB5FFAD0FB32" bold="true" box="[1164,1306,1248,1269]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<specimenCode id="DB9E1700C21DFFB9FB6FFB5FFAD0FB32" box="[1164,1306,1248,1269]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">ZRC 1.11902</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(ex-ID 7833) from Summit Trail to Gunung Murud, ca.
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21DFFB9FB07FB42FAE1FAD5" box="[1252,1323,1277,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" unit="km" value="0.3">0.3 km</quantity>
from Reked Maligan (Church Camp) (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CD9BCC21DFFB9FBCDFAA5FB78FAE8" box="[1070,1202,1306,1327]" degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" precision="1" seconds="53.8" value="3.9149446">03°54'53.8&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
115°30&quot;11.5&quot;E;
<elevation id="00155848C21DFFB9FABFFAA5FC93FA8B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" unit="m" value="2120.0">
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21DFFB9FABFFAA5FA67FAE8" box="[1372,1453,1306,1327]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" unit="m" value="2120.0">2,120 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
) towards Kebun Batu, Sarawak, East
<collectingCountry id="F32FFFEBC21DFFB9FB2AFA88FAEBFA8B" box="[1225,1313,1335,1356]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<location id="8EE7E9A0C21DFFB9FACDFA88FCBDFAAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03910E6DC21DFFBCFC40FB3DFDD9FC9E:8EE7E9A0C21DFFB9FACDFA88FCBDFAAF" country="Malaysia" latitude="3.9149446" name="northwestern Borneo" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">northwestern Borneo</location>
), collector,
<collectorName id="26CDDAADC21DFFB9FC09FAECFBEDFAAF" box="[1002,1063,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">I. Das</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF8699BBC21DFFB9FBD1FAECFB60FAAF" box="[1074,1194,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" value="2003-05-04">
<collectingDate id="EFC26053C21DFFB9FBD1FAECFB60FAAF" box="[1074,1194,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" value="2003-05-04">4 May.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21DFFB9FCCEFA32FB0BF9F5" blockId="1.[813,1453,1421,1586]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<materialsCitation id="3B50B526C21DFFB9FCCEFA32FAF4FA1B" collectingDate="4 May. 2003, 8 May. 2003 and 6 May. 2003" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="I. Das" country="Malaysia" elevation="2120" latitude="1.11903" location="northwestern Borneo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-1.11905" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="548301D9C21DFFB9FCCEFA32FC45FA65" box="[813,911,1421,1442]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FC78FA32FBB7FA65" bold="true" box="[923,1149,1421,1442]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<collectionCode id="ED2927BEC21DFFB9FC78FA32FC04FA65" box="[923,974,1421,1442]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">ZRC</collectionCode>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CD9BCC21DFFB9FC34FA32FBEEFA65" box="[983,1060,1421,1442]" degrees="1.11903" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" precision="1" value="1.11903">1.11903</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CD9BCC21DFFB9FBC7FA32FBB7FA65" box="[1060,1149,1421,1442]" degrees="1.11905" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" precision="1" value="-1.11905">–1.11905</geoCoordinate>
</emphasis>
(ex-ID 7737; 7839–40); three paratopotypes; other data as for holotype, except collection dates are
<collectingDate id="EFC26053C21DFFB9FCCEFA78FB74FA1B" box="[813,1214,1479,1500]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<date id="FF8699BBC21DFFB9FCCEFA78FC68FA1B" box="[813,930,1479,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" value="2003-05-04">4 May.2003</date>
,
<date id="FF8699BBC21DFFB9FC48FA78FBD7FA1B" box="[939,1053,1479,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" value="2003-05-08">8 May.2003</date>
and
<date id="FF8699BBC21DFFB9FBA9FA78FB74FA1B" box="[1098,1214,1479,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" value="2003-05-06">6 May.2003</date>
</collectingDate>
, respectively
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B50B526C21DFFB9FAA5FA78FB77F9F5" collectionCode="SM" collectorName="Eric Georg Mjoberg" country="Malaysia" location="Sarawak" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" specimenCount="1">
Additional material examined –
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FBE4FA5CFB5BFA3F" bold="true" box="[1031,1169,1507,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<collectionCode id="ED2927BEC21DFFB9FBE4FA5CFBE1FA3F" box="[1031,1067,1507,1528]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">SM</collectionCode>
D.a.3.1.1
</emphasis>
(three specimens), Gunung Murud,
<collectingCountry id="F32FFFEBC21DFFB9FC9EF9BFFC18F9D2" box="[893,978,1536,1557]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32FFFEBC21DFFB9FC3CF9BFFBF0F9D2" box="[991,1082,1536,1557]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, collected by
<collectorName id="26CDDAADC21DFFB9FB2BF9BFFA5BF9D2" box="[1224,1425,1536,1557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Eric Georg Mjöberg</collectorName>
in 1922. Type locality is indicated in
<figureCitation id="1303A3FEC21DFFB9FB61F9A2FB77F9F5" box="[1154,1213,1565,1586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[815,850,2037,2058]" captionTargetBox="[813,1453,1240,2008]" captionTargetId="figure-629@5.[813,1453,1240,2011]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Map of Borneo, showing the location of Gunung Murud, the general type locality of Pelophryne murudensis, new species, and Pelophryne linanitensis, new species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4509132/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322ECF0C21DFFB9FCCEF9E4FC50F7D5" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21DFFB9FCCEF9E4FC50F7D5" blockId="1.[813,1453,1627,2066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FCCEF9E4FC77F9B4" bold="true" box="[813,957,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Diagnosis. –</emphasis>
A large (SVL to
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21DFFB9FB72F9E4FB3CF9B5" box="[1169,1270,1627,1650]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6 mm</quantity>
in adult males) species of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21DFFB9FC7EF9C3FBD2F954" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1938" box="[925,1048,1660,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21DFFB9FC7EF9C3FBD2F954" box="[925,1048,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Pelophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, diagnosable from congeneric species in showing the following combination of characters: head wider than long; snout oblique in profile; eye diameter less than snout length; tympanum exposed, over half diameter of eye; forehead lack pustulose tubercles; tubercles on dorsum not spinose and not surrounded by ring of asperities; digits swollen but not dilated; Finger I without a free phalange; webbing on Toe V to tip; subarticular tubercles distinct; mandibular spines and nuptial pads absent; cloacal opening around middle level of thighs; primary colour of dorsum brown, lacking an hour-glass pattern; dark throat spots present but no pale flank stripe and a dark U-shaped mark on venter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF47EFF3C21EFFBAFF68FF7EFA66FCBB" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21EFFBAFF68FF7EFE2AFEEA" blockId="2.[138,1476,193,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21EFFBAFD47FF7DFC40FF10" authority="Das, 2008" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2008" box="[676,906,194,215]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murudensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFD47FF7DFC40FF10" box="[676,906,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Pelophryne murudensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FDE12C21EFFBAFC7AFF7EFBD8FF11" box="[921,1042,193,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. See text for details. Abbreviations: SVL = snout-vent length; HL = head length; HW = head width; HD = head depth; BW = body width; TBL = tibia length; ED = eye diameter; UE = upper eyelid width; IN = internarial distance; IO = interorbital distance; E-S = eye to snout distance; E-N = eye to nostril distance and A-G = axilla to groin distance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21EFFBAFF69FE0DFA66FCBB" blockId="2.[138,1476,193,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">SVL 21.9 23.6 25.6 22.9 23.5 0.78 HL 5.4 5.4 6.1 5.2 5.53 0.20 HW 6.7 7.0 7.2 6.2 6.78 0.22 HD 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.13 0.03 BW 7.1 6.8 8.8 8.7 7.85 0.52 TBL 9.7 9.5 9.8 9.3 9.58 0.11 ED 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.40 0.10 UE 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.80 0.12 IN 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.03 0.14 IO 4.8 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.35 0.21 E-S 2.9 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.65 0.18 E-N 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.1 2.23 0.16 A-G 10.3 12.5 14.3 11.6 12.18 0.84</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C322ECF0C21EFFBBFF69FC7DFBE4F93E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21EFFBBFF69FC7DFE08FC3E" blockId="2.[138,777,962,1561]" lastBlockId="3.[115,753,962,1017]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFF69FC7DFD97FC1D" bold="true" box="[138,605,962,986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFF69FC7DFE7EFC1D" bold="true" box="[138,436,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="548301D9C21EFFBAFEB4FC7DFE7EFC1D" box="[343,436,962,986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFE27FC7DFDF3FC1D" bold="true" box="[452,569,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">adult male</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFDB3FC7DFD97FC1D" bold="true" box="[592,605,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
A large species of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21EFFBAFF49FC5DFEA1FC3E" authority=", SVL" authorityName="SVL" box="[170,363,994,1017]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFF49FC5DFEEDFC3E" box="[170,295,994,1017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Pelophryne</emphasis>
, SVL
</taxonomicName>
to
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21EFFBAFE76FC5DFE31FC3E" box="[405,507,994,1017]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6 mm</quantity>
; habitus slender, with a relatively narrow waist (
<figureCitation id="1303A3FEC21EFFBAFE6CFBBDFE07FBDE" box="[399,461,1026,1049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[138,174,2066,2087]" captionTargetBox="[138,779,1613,2040]" captionTargetId="figure-11@2.[138,779,1613,2040]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Holotype of Pelophryne murudensis, new species (ZRC 1.11902) in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4509126/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); head much wider than long (HW/HL ratio 1.24), slightly depressed; snout squarish at the tip, when viewed dorsally, extending slightly beyond mandible, and oblique in lateral view; nares narrow-oval, wider horizontally, not elevated, laterally positioned, nearer tip of snout than to orbit of eye (E-N/E-S ratio 0.72); internarial distance less than distance from anterior margin of eye to nostril (IN/E-N ratio 0.76); eyes large (ED/HL ratio 0.43); eye diameter greater than eye to nostril distance (ED/E-N ratio 1.10); upper eyelids small; pineal ocellus not visible externally; interorbital width more than thrice upper eyelid width (IO/UE ratio 3.20); canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave; maxillary teeth absent; a weak symphysial knob on anterior edge of mandible; mouth extending beyond posterior corner of eye; no rictal glands at posterior corner of mouth; weak tubercles on forehead; mandibular spines absent; asperities on gular region comprises obtuse tubercles; tongue oval, rather elongate, non-papillate, free posteriorly; choanae located close to antero-lateral edge of palate; vomerine ridge absent; vocal sac aperture located near angle of jaws; contracted pupil elliptical; tympanum visible, its annulus indistinct, oval, measuring
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21EFFBAFC5CFBDDFBDFFBBE" box="[959,1045,1122,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
in horizontal diameter and
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21EFFBAFAACFBDDFA6FFBBE" box="[1359,1445,1122,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
in vertical diameter, smaller than orbit of eye (ED/tympanum ratios 1.77 and 1.35, respectively); distance between eye and tympanum
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21EFFBAFC19FB7DFB9FFB1E" box="[1018,1109,1218,1241]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, or 30.4% diameter of eye and 53.8% horizontal tympanum diameter; supratympanic fold absent; parotoid gland absent; subgular vocal sac, with paired openings; no supracloacal fold; postcloacal tubercles large, distinct; cloacal opening high relative to position of thighs; dorsum of body and limbs with large, rounded tubercles; tubercles largest in postocular region and on anterior portion of flanks; ventral surface of body tuberculate, most marked in abdominal region, where tubercles are flattened, rounded and in contact with each other.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF47EFF3C21EFFBAFF69F7ADFEE2F784" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4509126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4509126/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" startId="2.[138,174,2066,2087]" targetBox="[138,779,1613,2040]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21EFFBAFF69F7ADFEE2F784" blockId="2.[138,778,2066,2115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
Fig. 1. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21EFFBAFEB4F7ADFD8BF7E0" authority="Das, 2008" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2008" box="[343,577,2066,2087]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murudensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFEB4F7ADFD8BF7E0" box="[343,577,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Pelophryne murudensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FDE12C21EFFBAFDB2F7ADFD02F7E0" box="[593,712,2066,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZRC 1.11902) in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21EFFBAFCA6F7ACFA56F782" blockId="2.[837,1476,2067,2117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
Fig. 2. Left manus (2A) and pes (2B) of holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21EFFBAFAB6F7ACFC7EF782" authority="Das, 2008" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murudensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21EFFBAFAB6F7ACFC7EF782" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Pelophryne murudensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FDE12C21EFFBAFC22F78FFBFFF782" box="[961,1077,2096,2117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZRC 1.11902). Scale bars = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF47EFF3C21FFFBBFF90FF7EFA5FFCBB" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBBFF90FF7EFE03FEEA" blockId="3.[115,1453,193,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of the type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21FFFBBFD6EFF7DFCB9FF10" authority="Das, 2008" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2008" box="[653,883,194,215]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linanitensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFD6EFF7DFCB9FF10" box="[653,883,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Pelophryne linanitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FDE12C21FFFBBFC61FF7EFC31FF11" box="[898,1019,193,214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. See text for details. Abbreviations: SVL = snout-vent length; HL = head length; HW = head width; HD = head depth; BW = body width; TBL = tibia length; ED = eye diameter; UE = upper eyelid width; IN = internarial distance; IO = interorbital distance; E-S = eye to snout distance; E-N = eye to nostril distance and A-G = axilla to groin distance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBBFF90FE0DFA5FFCBB" blockId="3.[115,1453,193,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">SVL 18.6 17.8 18.3 18.0 18.3 18.20 0.14 HL 4.6 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.1 4.50 0.17 HW 5.5 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.80 0.14 HD 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.1 4.0 3.50 0.15 BW 7.3 5.5 6.3 6.8 7.0 6.58 0.31 TBL 7.1 7.3 7.3 6.6 6.7 7.00 0.15 ED 2.1 2.0 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.06 1.00 UE 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.58 0.73 IN 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.74 0.12 IO 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.52 0.10 E-S 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.34 0.11 E-N 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.26 0.04 A-G 9.4 7.6 8.4 7.7 7.7 8.16 0.34</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBBFF90FB9DFDD5F8DE" blockId="3.[115,754,1058,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
Arm short and stout; fingers (
<figureCitation id="1303A3FEC21FFFBBFE52FB9DFDCCFBFE" box="[433,518,1058,1081]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[837,872,2067,2088]" captionTargetBox="[846,1462,1541,2042]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[837,1475,1529,2042]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Left manus (2A) and pes (2B) of holotype of Pelophryne murudensis, new species (ZRC 1.11902). Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4509128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) short and stout, with extensive webbing; no free phalange projecting from web of Finger I; relative length of fingers: 3&gt; 4&gt; 2&gt; 1; tips of finger weakly expanded, not dilated; width of tips of Finger III wider than those on other fingers; manus with fleshy webbing; outer aspect of Finger I, to base of swollen tip; inner and outer aspects of Fingers II–III and inner aspect of Finger IV, broadly to subarticular tubercle; dermal fringe along outer aspect of Finger IV extends to apical region; no nuptial pads or spines on fingers; subarticular tubercles present but indistinct, rounded, subequal on fingers and toes, numbering one on first and second fingers, and two on third and fourth fingers; palmar tubercles present; hind limbs slender and relatively short (TBL/SVL ratio 0.44), failing to meet when folded right angle to axis of body; toes (
<figureCitation id="1303A3FEC21FFFBBFF98F9BDFF07F9DE" box="[123,205,1538,1561]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[837,872,2067,2088]" captionTargetBox="[846,1462,1541,2042]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[837,1475,1529,2042]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Left manus (2A) and pes (2B) of holotype of Pelophryne murudensis, new species (ZRC 1.11902). Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4509128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) long; webbing on Toes I and II up to tip of disks, with no free phalanges; on toe III, to base of disks; on Toe IV and inner aspect of Toe V, to level of distal subarticular tubercle; on inner aspect of Toe I and outer aspect of Toe V, dermal fringe present to toe tips; relative length of toes: 4&gt; 5&gt; 3&gt; 2&gt; 1; toe tips expanded; subarticular tubercles rounded, numbering one on first, second and fourth toes, two on third and fifth toes; oval, inner and outer metatarsal tubercles; heel without a postaxial fold.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBBFF90F8FDFB9CFABE" blockId="3.[115,754,1858,2105]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1453,962,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFF90F8FDFF13F89D" bold="true" box="[115,217,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Colour. –</emphasis>
In life, dorsum Fuscus (#21), or greyish-brown; a Dusky Brown (#19), or dark brown angular, interorbital bar in the form of a V-shaped mark, that is fused to a triangular mark of the same colour, narrow anteriorly, at the back of forehead; another dark triangular patch of the same colour at mid-dorsum, with its narrow edge anteriorly, forming a dark-brown hour-glass marking; a Dusky Brown (#19), or dark grey-brown preocular stripe extends from nostrils to eye, and continuing along postocular region, broadening after the level of tympanum, and continuing along flanks, sharply set off from the relatively lighter dorsum; lower flanks Cream Color (#54), or greyish-cream, with fine, scattered dark pigments; a pale subocular spot present; tympanum Buff (#124), or medium brown; tubercles on dorsum Scarlet (#14) in life, turning greyish-brown in preservative, paler apically; upper surfaces of limbs with Dusky Brown (#19), or dark-banded, with paler narrow intervening areas; throat and rest of venter Buff (#124), with Sepia (#219), or dark grey smudges, especially on throat and lower lips and a large (height
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21FFFBBFC62FA9DFC1DFAFE" box="[897,983,1314,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21FFFBBFBC4FA9DFBB1FAFE" box="[1063,1147,1314,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
) horse-shoe shaped mark of the same colour on abdominal region that is open posteriorly; pupil black and iris golden.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBBFCCEFA1DFBE4F93E" blockId="3.[813,1453,1442,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFCCEFA1DFAFCFA1D" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFCCEFA1DFC1BFA7D" bold="true" box="[813,977,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Measurements</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFC06FA1DFAC5FA1D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
in mm,
<typeStatus id="548301D9C21FFFBBFBA2FA1DFB6AFA7D" box="[1089,1184,1442,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
followed by the range, mean and SE in
<typeStatus id="548301D9C21FFFBBFC16FA7DFBAAFA1D" box="[1013,1120,1474,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in parentheses
</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFACAFA7DFAFCFA1D" bold="true" box="[1321,1334,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
SVL 21.9 (21.9–25.6, mean 23.5 ± 0.78); HL 5.4 (5.2–6.1, mean 5.53 ± 0.20); HW 6.7 (6.2–7.2, mean 6.67 ± 0.20); HD 4.1 (4.1–4.2, mean 4.13 ± 0.03); BW 7.1 (6.8–8.8, mean 7.85 ± 0.52); TBL 9.7 (9.3–9.8, mean 9.58 ± 0.11); ED 2.3 (2.3–2.7, mean 2.40 ± 0.10); UE 1.5 (1.5–2.1, mean 1.80 ± 0.12); IN 1.6 (1.6–2.2, mean 2.03 ± 0.14); IO 4.8 (3.9–4.8, mean 4.35 ± 0.21); E-S 2.9 (2.3–3.0, mean 2.65 ± 0.18); E-N 2.1 (2.0–2.7, mean 2.23 ± 0.16) and A-G 10.3 (10.3–14.3, mean 12.18 ± 0.84). See also
<tableCitation id="C6BA8AC0C21FFFBBFC36F95DFBE2F93E" box="[981,1064,1762,1785]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[139,194,193,214]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the type series of Pelophryne murudensis, new species. See text for details. Abbreviations: SVL = snout-vent length; HL = head length; HW = head width; HD = head depth; BW = body width; TBL = tibia length; ED = eye diameter; UE = upper eyelid width; IN = internarial distance; IO = interorbital distance; E-S = eye to snout distance; E-N = eye to nostril distance and A-G = axilla to groin distance. SVL 21.9 23.6 25.6 22.9 23.5 0.78 HL 5.4 5.4 6.1 5.2 5.53 0.20 HW 6.7 7.0 7.2 6.2 6.78 0.22 HD 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.13 0.03 BW 7.1 6.8 8.8 8.7 7.85 0.52 TBL 9.7 9.5 9.8 9.3 9.58 0.11 ED 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.40 0.10 UE 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.80 0.12 IN 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.03 0.14 IO 4.8 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.35 0.21 E-S 2.9 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.65 0.18 E-N 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.1 2.23 0.16 A-G 10.3 12.5 14.3 11.6 12.18 0.84" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322ECF0C21FFFBCFCCEF89DFDD9FC9E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBBFCCEF89DFAA1F8FE" blockId="3.[813,1387,1826,1850]" box="[813,1387,1826,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFCCEF89DFC77F8FD" bold="true" box="[813,957,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Etymology. –</emphasis>
Latin for inhabitant of Gunung Murud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC21FFFBCFCCEF8DDFED4FE1E" blockId="3.[813,1453,1890,2105]" lastBlockId="4.[138,777,194,473]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFCCEF8DDFBCBF8BD" bold="true" box="[813,1025,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Ecological notes. –</emphasis>
Only males of this species are known, all collected from montane forests, from edges of forest trails. They were found calling from leaves,
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21FFFBBFAC3F81DFA92F87E" box="[1312,1368,1954,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4CC0129EC21FFFBBFA62F81DFA67F87E" box="[1409,1453,1954,1977]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
above substrate, between 1900–2200 h. Call is a continuous trill. Species found in sympatry include
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21FFFBBFAE0F85DFC54F7DE" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1885" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanum">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFAE0F85DFC54F7DE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Leptobrachium montanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21FFFBBFC4CF7BDFBA3F7DE" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[943,1129,2050,2073]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFC4CF7BDFBA3F7DE" box="[943,1129,2050,2073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Philautus petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C21FFFBBFB47F7BDFAE8F7DE" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1925" box="[1188,1314,2050,2073]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C21FFFBBFB47F7BDFAE8F7DE" box="[1188,1314,2050,2073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">P. mjobergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females of the species remain unknown. Dominant genera of trees within the montane vegetation habitat of the new species include
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFF07FF5DFE4FFF3E" box="[228,389,226,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF07FF5DFE4FFF3E" box="[228,389,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Leptospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFE75FF5DFDD3FF3E" box="[406,537,226,249]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFE75FF5DFDD3FF3E" box="[406,537,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFDC9FF5DFDB7FF3E" box="[554,637,226,249]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFDC9FF5DFDB7FF3E" box="[554,637,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Agathis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFD6CFF5DFCC3FF3E" box="[655,777,226,249]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Dacrydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFD6CFF5DFCC3FF3E" box="[655,777,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Dacrydium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFF5AFEBDFE8EFEDE" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Endlicher" box="[185,324,258,281]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Dacrycarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF5AFEBDFE8EFEDE" box="[185,324,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Dacrycarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characterised by small, thick leaves and stems, reaching up to
<specimenCount id="9D3E74F2C218FFBCFE98FE9DFE71FEFE" box="[379,443,290,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CC0129EC218FFBCFE98FE9DFE7DFEFE" box="[379,439,290,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The undergrowth includes the pitcher plants,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFED6FEFDFDF8FE9E" authorityName="Culham ex M.Jebb &amp; Cheek" authorityYear="1997" box="[309,562,322,345]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="murudensis">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFED6FEFDFDF8FE9E" box="[309,562,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Nepenthes murudensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFD8CFEFDFCCBFE9E" box="[623,769,322,345]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muluensis">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFD8CFEFDFCCBFE9E" box="[623,769,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">N. muluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the terrestrial montane ferns
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFDE6FEDDFD1CFEBE" box="[517,726,354,377]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dipteridaceae" genus="Dipteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conjugata">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFDE6FEDDFD1CFEBE" box="[517,726,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Dipteris conjugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFF69FE3DFE99FE5E" box="[138,339,386,409]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vestitum">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF69FE3DFE99FE5E" box="[138,339,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Blechnum vestitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larval stages of the new
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFD6EFE3DFCC2FE5E" box="[653,776,386,409]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFD6EFE3DFCC2FE5E" box="[653,776,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Pelophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain unknown, and the species may breed in the pitchers of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFF4BFE7DFEDDFE1E" box="[168,279,450,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF4BFE7DFEDDFE1E" box="[168,279,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Nepenthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC218FFBCFF69FDBDFE62FD3E" blockId="4.[138,780,514,761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF69FDBDFEFCFDDD" bold="true" box="[138,310,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Comparisons. –</emphasis>
In showing finger tips not wider than basal phalanges,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFEE1FD9DFE35FDFE" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2008" box="[258,511,546,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murudensis">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFEE1FD9DFE35FDFE" box="[258,511,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Pelophryne murudensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFD6DFD9DFCCBFDFE" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[654,769,546,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFD6DFD9DFCCBFDFE" box="[654,769,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFF69FDFDFEC0FD9E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[138,266,578,601]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF69FDFDFEC0FD9E" box="[138,266,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFEFAFDFDFE71FD9E" authorityName="Inger &amp; Stuebing" authorityYear="1996" box="[281,443,578,601]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhopophilius">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFEFAFDFDFE71FD9E" box="[281,443,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. rhopophilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFE13FDFDFD90FD9E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[496,602,578,601]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFE13FDFDFD90FD9E" box="[496,602,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. signata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its oblique (vs. vertical) snout differentiates it from
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFDC5FDDDFD07FDBE" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1938" box="[550,717,610,633]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albotaeniata">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFDC5FDDDFD07FDBE" box="[550,717,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. albotaeniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lack of a free phalange on Finger I differentiates it from
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFD16FD3DFF08FD7E" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lighti">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFD16FD3DFF08FD7E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. lighti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, its distinct subarticular tubercles and absence of both mandibular spines and nuptial pads differentiate it from
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFF26FD5DFEC9FD3E" authorityName="Dring" authorityYear="1983" box="[197,259,738,761]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="api">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFF26FD5DFEC9FD3E" box="[197,259,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P. api</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFED9FD5DFE6BFD3E" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[314,417,738,761]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="misera">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFED9FD5DFE80FD3E" box="[314,330,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFEBBFD5DFE6BFD3E" box="[344,417,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">misera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87BF7BC218FFBCFF69FC9DFDD9FC9E" blockId="4.[138,776,802,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
Distribution of character states of
<taxonomicName id="4C38C4F8C218FFBCFDF3FC9DFD44FCFE" box="[528,654,802,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C6369C218FFBCFDF3FC9DFD44FCFE" box="[528,654,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Pelophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as recognised at present are in
<tableCitation id="C6BA8AC0C218FFBCFE58FCFDFDC5FC9E" box="[443,527,834,857]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="6.[111,166,675,696]" captionText="Table 3. Character states and their distribution in species of the genus Pelophryne. Abbreviations: + = present; – = absent; +/– = subequal, or present or absent within a taxon." pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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