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<mods:title id="B83024C9FDFDE67090B5BB412EE68D16">Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5ECC14B58B2072061561DA774FED8841">Dean, W. Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08FB95C63EDF4BABB52C677CB6D47E5A">Research Associate, FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa. wrjdean 01 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6541 - 3565 &amp; Wolwekraal Conservation and Research Organisation, P. O. Box 47, Prince Albert 6930, South Africa. &amp; South African Environmental Observation Network, Arid Lands Node, Kimberley, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C810E3F97A70B61F35ECAB098E81DFC2">Åhlander, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6CBB3AFCCDCE7E893EFBCEFF609EF8F3">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0384EA10F77FB13FB1D2FA26332E41B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6542947" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195304137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6542947" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384EA10F77FB13FB1D2FA26332E41B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384EA10F77FB13FB1D2FA26332E41B0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<subSubSection id="C337088DF77FB13EB1D2FA2630CE4579" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77FB13EB1D2FA26309146B1" blockId="10.[151,680,1497,1524]" box="[151,680,1497,1524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<heading id="D0DAEC6AF77FB13EB1D2FA26309146B1" bold="true" box="[151,680,1497,1524]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D7C28F77FB13EB1D2FA26309146B1" box="[151,680,1497,1524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB1D2FA26309146B1" bold="true" box="[151,680,1497,1524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C7D17F77FB13EB1D2FA26309B46B1" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[151,674,1497,1524]" page="109" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" year="1850">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F77FB13EB1D2FA26309B46B1" authority="Sundevall, 1850: 109" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,674,1497,1524]" class="Aves" family="Megalaimidae" genus="Megalaema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB1D2FA2633AF46B6" bold="true" box="[151,406,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Megalaema bilineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F77FB13EB0DBFA26309B46B1" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[414,674,1497,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" pagination="96 - 111" refId="ref29984" refString="Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111." type="journal article" year="1850">Sundevall, 1850: 109</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77FB13EB1D2F9DD30CE4579" blockId="10.[151,1437,1569,2028]" box="[151,759,1569,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
VERBATIM
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F77FB13EB042F9D63301457B" box="[263,312,1577,1593]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">TYPE</typeStatus>
LOCALITY: “
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB0F8F9DD30D24579" box="[445,747,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">e Caffraria inferiore allati.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337088DF77FB13EB182F9BA339645EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77FB13EB182F9BA339645EA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1569,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
CURRENT STATUS:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F77FB13EB0C2F9BA31E64522" authority="(Sundevall, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Sundevall" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[391,991,1605,1632]" class="Aves" family="Lybiidae" genus="Pogoniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bilineatus" subSpecies="bilineatus">
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB0C2F9BA313B451D" box="[391,770,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Pogoniulus bilineatus bilineatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F77FB13EB254F9BA31EC4522" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[785,981,1605,1632]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" pagination="96 - 111" refId="ref29984" refString="Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111." type="journal article" year="1850">Sundevall, 1850</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F77FB13EB2AFF9BA332F45C1" authority="(Dickinson &amp; Remsen 2013: 329)" baseAuthorityName="Dickinson &amp; Remsen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="329" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Aves" family="Ramphastidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Ramphastidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F77FB13EB5DAF9BA333645C1" author="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; Remsen, J. V." pageId="10" pageNumber="531" refId="ref28348" refString="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; Remsen, J. V. (2013) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 1. Non-passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 461 pp." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson &amp; Remsen 2013: 329</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(includes
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB0CAF99533C145C1" box="[399,504,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">riparium</emphasis>
Clancey, 1952,
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB3F6F995312545C1" box="[691,796,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">oronesus</emphasis>
, Clancey, 1971,
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB29AF996367F45C1" box="[991,1094,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">deceptor</emphasis>
Clancey, 1972, and
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB477F99637A545C1" box="[1330,1436,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">makawai</emphasis>
Benson &amp; Irwin, 1965).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337088DF77FB13EB182F94D30C644A9" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77FB13EB182F94D3324448A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1569,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<collectionCode id="ED3CC3C3F77FB13EB182F94D32C2458B" box="[199,251,1714,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">TYPE</collectionCode>
MATERIAL: Sundevalls original description states that the name was based on several specimens, all males (“
<emphasis id="B9598714F77FB13EB1BFF92A300145AD" box="[250,568,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Plures mares, nulla femina</emphasis>
...”). According to his acquisition catalogue he had
<specimenCount id="9D2B908FF77FB13EB5DBF92A376845AD" box="[1182,1361,1749,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
available.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F77FB13EB19CF90630114451" author="Gyldenstolpe, N." box="[217,552,1785,1811]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref28755" refString="Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1926">Gyldenstolpe (1926: 7879)</bibRefCitation>
referred to NRM 569758 [7437] as a “type”, which we treat as a
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F77FB13EB474F90637A44451" box="[1329,1437,1785,1811]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation of this male collected
<date id="FF937DC6F77FB13EB371F8E231354475" box="[564,780,1821,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1842-11-05">5 November 1842</date>
at uMlalazi River. The
<specimenCount id="9D2B908FF77FB13EB568F8E237224475" box="[1069,1307,1821,1847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotypes">three paralectotypes</specimenCount>
are: NRM 569759 [7438], a male collected
<date id="FF937DC6F77FB13EB364F8BE30C14419" box="[545,760,1857,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1842-11-03">3 November 1842</date>
at uMlalazi River; RMNH.
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F77FB13EB578F8BE36B34419" box="[1085,1162,1857,1883]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">AVES</taxonomicName>
.200461 [7440], a male collected
<date id="FF937DC6F77FB13EB04FF89A33DA443D" box="[266,483,1893,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1842-11-04">4 November 1842</date>
at uMlalazi River, sent on exchange to Leiden in 1850; and a male [7439] collected
<date id="FF937DC6F77FB13EB1A0F876338244E1" box="[229,443,1929,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1842-11-04">4 November 1842</date>
at uMlalazi River, sent on exchange to
<collectingRegion id="49E995E4F77FB13EB2D7F87631E544E1" box="[914,988,1929,1955]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Berlin</collectingRegion>
in 1853 (and still present in the ZMB collection).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77FB13EB182F82D30C644A9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1569,2028]" box="[199,767,2001,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<materialsCitation id="3B45515BF77FB13EB182F82D30C244A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3766756414" box="[199,763,2001,2028]" collectionCode="VERIFIED" location="Umlalazi" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED3CC3C3F77FB13EB182F82D331A44AB" box="[199,291,2002,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">VERIFIED</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F77FB13EB06FF826336244AB" box="[298,347,2009,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">TYPE</typeStatus>
LOCALITY:
<location id="8EF20DDDF77FB13EB096F82E300544A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384EA10F77FB13FB1D2FA26332E41B0:8EF20DDDF77FB13EB096F82E300544A9" box="[467,572,2001,2027]" name="Umlalazi" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Umlalazi</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E995E4F77FB13EB30DF82E30C244A9" box="[584,763,2001,2027]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337088DF77EB13FB182FF68332E41B0" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77EB13FB182FF6833DE425F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
COMMENTS: The TL was correctly restricted to Umlalazi (uMlalazi) River by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F77EB13FB502FF68370A43F3" author="Gyldenstolpe, N." box="[1095,1331,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" pagination="264 - 292" refId="ref28785" refString="Gyldenstolpe, N. (1934) The travels and collections of Johan August Wahlberg, 1810 - 1856: a pioneer naturalist in South Africa. Ibis, 76, 264 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 1934. tb 01567. x" type="journal article" year="1934">Gyldenstolpe (1934)</bibRefCitation>
, but was incorrectly dated. Sundevall generally meticulously copied Wahlbergs data, but he misread the date and locality on the specimen label, recording the date as
<date id="FF937DC6F77EB13FB3D4FF21311D43BB" box="[657,804,222,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" value="1842-04-05">5 April 1842</date>
, although it is clearly
<date id="FF937DC6F77EB13FB567FF2136D743BB" box="[1058,1262,222,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" value="1842-11-05">
5 November
<quantity id="4CD5F6E3F77EB13FB5F3FF2036D743BB" box="[1206,1262,223,249]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67868" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" unit="in" value="1842.0">1842</quantity>
</date>
in his personal accessions register (
<figureCitation id="13164783F77EB13FB032FEFC33E3425F" box="[375,474,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,514,538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,306,487]" captionTargetId="figure-76@11.[151,1436,306,487]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sundevalls personal acquisition catalogue, in which he recorded the date of the lectotype of Megalaema bilineata Sundevall as 4 November 1842." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6541741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6541741/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">Figure 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF520B8EF77EB13FB1D2FDFD33DB417C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6541741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6541741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6541741/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" startId="11.[151,250,514,538]" targetBox="[151,1425,306,487]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77EB13FB1D2FDFD33DB417C" blockId="11.[151,1436,514,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis id="B9598714F77EB13FB1D2FDFD332A4158" bold="true" box="[151,275,514,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Sundevalls personal acquisition catalogue, in which he recorded the date of the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F77EB13FB581FDFD32C5417C" authority="Sundevall" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" class="Aves" family="Megalaimidae" genus="Megalaema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B9598714F77EB13FB581FDFD37A54158" box="[1220,1436,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">Megalaema bilineata</emphasis>
Sundevall
</taxonomicName>
as 4 November 1842.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B925B06F77EB13FB182FD93332E41B0" blockId="11.[151,1436,620,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F77EB13FB182FD93338941C5" author="Gyldenstolpe, N." box="[199,432,620,647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref28755" refString="Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1926">Gyldenstolpe (1926)</bibRefCitation>
repeated the date error in his catalogue of the
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F77EB13FB288FD9231C441C5" box="[973,1021,621,647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">type</typeStatus>
specimens in the NRM. Wahlbergs original labels are missing, but a rewritten label is correct regarding date and place. Wahlberg was at Tswaing, in
<collectingRegion id="49E995E4F77EB13FB1D2FD4B335C418C" box="[151,357,692,718]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">Gauteng Province</collectingRegion>
, on
<date id="FF937DC6F77EB13FB0D2FD4B3012418C" box="[407,555,692,719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" value="1842-04-05">5 April 1842</date>
, and had been there since early
<date id="FF937DC6F77EB13FB2D9FD4B3610418C" box="[924,1065,692,718]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" value="1842-03">March 1842</date>
, leaving for the Magaliesberg in early April.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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