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<document id="EA00A07A5C5FEFDCB6260A615DA64AEE" ID-CLB-Dataset="20350" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0057039" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcefd797-1d3e-43c6-ad6e-8550a33e9199" ID-PMC="PMC3579775" ID-PubMed="23451138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6338572" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1646763225922" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Vorontsova, Maria S. &amp; Prohens, Jaime" docDate="2013" docId="03809C4EFFCAFFD0FF15FE79FA761E8F" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.8.2.e57039.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 8 (2)" docTitle="Solanum L." docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFB9E436FFCEFFD4FF8EFFABFFB01C62" masterDocTitle="Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1699317470283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0EDB2CD0F62470278632EA15A14C3103">Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E72AB671BEABD087DC271E1C59F3C00E">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC35BBD22B36C268D65282626CFA992E">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="95008DDE795581B9434B04C599D35811">Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="32F67061AB26A1E734019A26EC5B58AC">Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C6E8CC6D3F851CFDC98254BFB4539BD">Prohens, Jaime</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B495247FFAE75C132C19A20D1E69C24D">Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BB2B153C77D5D395CE84DFE2472EF68D">PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFCAFFD0FF15FE79FDC01D88" box="[155,624,466,490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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Key to the
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FE94FE79FDC01D88" ID-CoL="63SD9" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[282,624,466,490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Species of the Eggplant Clade</taxonomicName>
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1a. Fruit with soft pericarp, in a variety of shapes and colours, edible, the mesocarp spongy, usually white or cream, sometimes green or green-tinged; fasciation common, number of flower parts up to 8 and the ovary inflated. Cultivated.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FD20FDC1FCA81EE2" ID-CoL="6YTHR" box="[686,792,618,640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD20FDC1FCA81EE2" box="[686,792,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. melongena</emphasis>
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1b. Fruit spherical, yellow (sometimes pale orange-yellow) when mature, with comparatively hard pericarp, not palatable, the mesocarp usually green and jelly-like, if slightly spongy less than
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thick; wild plants, flowers 5-merous. 2
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2a. Leaves deeply and ornately lobed with primary lobes extending 2/33/4 of the distance to the midvein and secondary lobes always present. Southern Africa and around the Mediterranean.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FD11FCF2FCA71F0D" ID-CoL="4Y34B" box="[671,791,857,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaeanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD11FCF2FCA71F0D" box="[671,791,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. linnaeanum</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30D88E6DFFCAFFD0FF15FCD7FCA91FCC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2b. Lobes entire or lobed, lobes extending up to 2/3 of the distance to the midvein, secondary lobes usually not present. 3</keyLead>
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3a. Leaf lobes obtuse to acute at the tips, sometimes rounded, sometimes with small secondary lobes; lobes
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD00FC7DFD161F8E" bold="true" box="[654,678,982,1004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J</emphasis>
-2/3 of the distance from the leaf outline to the midvein. Leaves and young stems glabrescent to moderately pubescent. 4
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<keyLead id="30D88E6DFFCAFFD0FF15FB99FCA918FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3b. Leaf lobes rounded at the tips, sometimes obtuse, never with secondary lobes; lobes up to 1/3(1/2) of the distance from the leaf outline to the midvein. Leaves and young stems usually densely pubescent (hairs overlapping). 6</keyLead>
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4a. Calyx lobes on long-styled flowers
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long, ovate and leafy, obtuse at the tips. South Africa.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FD35FB6EFCA618B9" ID-CoL="4Y4LC" box="[699,790,1221,1243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umtuma">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD35FB6EFCA618B9" box="[699,790,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. umtuma</emphasis>
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4b. Calyx lobes on long styled flowers
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long, deltate or long-triangular with acuminate tips. 5
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5a. Calyx lobes on long-styled flowers
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long, deltate, ca. 1/6 as long as the fruit at maturity. Continental Africa north of the Equator.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FD2BFAF4FCA91917" ID-CoL="6Z5DY" box="[677,793,1375,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasiferum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD2BFAF4FCA91917" box="[677,793,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. cerasiferum</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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5b. Calyx lobes on long-styled flowers
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long, longtriangular, 1/2 to 2/3 as long as the fruit at maturity. Cape Verde Islands.
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD4DFA10FCA819AD" box="[707,792,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. rigidum</emphasis>
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6a. Stems prickly (but see
<tableCitation id="C6AB18E3FFCAFFD0FE24FA76FE491991" box="[426,505,1501,1523]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="6.[171,235,174,195]" captionTargetBox="[171,1387,258,515]" captionTargetId="graphics-946@6.[171,1478,355,388]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 3. Character suite for distinguishing ambiguous specimens of S. insanum and S. melongena." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Prickles straight or slightly curved, usually with broad bases. Corolla on long-styled flowers
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in diameter. Anthers ca.
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long. Asia from the Philippines to southeast Asia, India and Madagascar.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FD32F9E4FCA91A06" ID-CoL="6YTFN" box="[700,793,1615,1636]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FD32F9E4FCA91A06" box="[700,793,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. insanum</emphasis>
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6b. Stems prickly or smooth. Prickles, if present, curved or straight. Corolla on long-styled flowers
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in diameter. Anthers
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long. 7
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7a. Leaves usually entire, sometimes lobed. Trichomes on the lower leaf surface sessile or with short stalks to only
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long. Fruits
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diameter. Ubiquitous weed at low altitudes in East Africa.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FDF7F88AFCA81B54" ID-CoL="6Z648" box="[633,792,1825,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FDF7F88AFCA81B54" box="[633,792,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
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7b. Leaves lobed. Trichomes on the lower leaf surface with stalks to 0.5(1) mm long. Fruits
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diameter. 8
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8a. Leaves velvety red-brown on the upper surface. Calyx lobes on long-styled flowers ovate to oblong, leafy,
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long. Southern Africa.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FAA6FE3EFA751DC9" ID-CoL="B3FWB" box="[1320,1477,405,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureitomentosum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FAA6FE3EFA751DC9" box="[1320,1477,405,427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. aureitomentosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCC6FE1DFA741D8A" blockId="4.[840,1479,349,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="30D88E6DFFCAFFD0FCC6FE1DFA741D8A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
8b. Leaves yellow-green to green-brown on the upper surfaces. Calyx lobes on long-styled flowers deltate,
<quantity id="4CD180BDFFCAFFD0FA9AFE79FAC81D8A" box="[1300,1400,466,488]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.5">2.56 mm</quantity>
long. 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD35FDFFCAFFD0FCC6FE5FFA761E8F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCC6FE5FFA761E3F" blockId="4.[840,1479,349,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="30D88E6DFFCAFFD0FCC6FE5FFA761E3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
9a. Leaves concolorous to weakly discolorous, pubescence yellowish. Leaves ca. 1.5 times longer than wide. Young stems (dry specimens) terete to angular; NE Africa and the Middle East to Pakistan.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FAE7FDECFA761E3F" ID-CoL="4Y2TL" box="[1385,1478,583,605]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FAE7FDECFA761E3F" box="[1385,1478,583,605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCC6FDC3FA761E8F" blockId="4.[840,1479,349,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="30D88E6DFFCAFFD0FCC6FDC3FA761E8F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
9b. Leaves strongly discolorous, pubescence dirty greenish-brown on the upper surfaces and whitish on the lower surfaces. Leaves 1.52.5 times longer than wide. Young stems (dry specimens) with pronounced raised longitudinal ridges. Southern Africa.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FAC7FD7CFA761E8F" ID-CoL="4Y33Q" box="[1353,1478,727,749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lichtensteinii">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FAC7FD7CFA761E8F" box="[1353,1478,727,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. lichtensteinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>