plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/77/59/03775906A6D62C8BFF17FEAA125FF82A.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

287 lines
33 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="1829F4D47E00BFA303AED5E8835CC442" ID-CLB-Dataset="5350" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086256" ID-ZooBank="A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623272878632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, C. A. &amp; Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2014" docId="03775906A6D62C8BFF17FEAA125FF82A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03817p242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Feroponera Bolton &amp; Fisher" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="FF4E217EA67F2C22FF80FFE61065FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1699920028738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6557D07DEDCD657E18658592FACE55F1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="061DF3E28657541FD987BEF509FF8295">
<mods:title id="D9D43D7CC20020667E1A698C90350BD4">The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2293640D8FFB60CB53BF00BF7B7D82E9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CDF1B98D40E1341F6F0922C730B5C171">
<mods:roleTerm id="A9AF9A8D26639D45DE788C3CC2B46419">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7D6099C90E5E9BFD3208303D9AFAFAAB">Schmidt, C. A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2C841ECEEA787FF4F8716149AB9DBCEF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="39E05AEF4C7399B01C68AF07CD4C5DEF">
<mods:roleTerm id="A1F4EBF55ED39B113D8895B09FAA698F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="07E94044A898AF6039B05BC71D4D728C">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9D4BD45D3A1D91411CFE83531827395B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0270ADF7D85DAAF997AE03D6FE2EDE6A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9A670D1F5B2E9BD1EA901A9D998024C4">
<mods:title id="72BB280DBA3D539AF3D6DF38FA57C426">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EC7DEAA433D2538FA765F2335C8ACBF1">
<mods:date id="C94D1ECE8FA48A1DC6FD8C52A57E2296">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1C67172BBF50AD4D1FCFECF30AB03F5C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E4E0F1B6052CEDD4EC63A6628C3D56AD">2014-06-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C393CC65599A5B0C3ADE8F2A3224533E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="547CD1EAFE07565B610D2FC2661120C1">3817</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3076D9080C3802C198C75C1A56F7FEF4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="81966D3457A3B397D88048E70ECFCE3F">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="61A27B6B25E2FBC3DD29D4BAC62D8937" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EF538A7C1A8324D423BFED2B0C9668B3">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="246A5A2631D183E04213F0C18FC28244">242</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="FBCC00CFCD45580BA7AFAE52A72A0B46">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="641723B8A3C59D1350F12AF54CA1CCDF" type="CLB-Dataset">5350</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D077B1E3DEE3824A5FBCA7DFD5C7BF90" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6B39E28CDBA04DADE4279B59595373F" type="GBIF-Dataset">d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E9A711B5D24823D29E42323886982D8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="746C2FBAF459F639A523CCD4502964E2" type="Zenodo-Dep">10086256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="04D4001E6C44FDE2590AA513118954B8" type="ZooBank">A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03775906A6D62C8BFF17FEAA125FF82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5117582" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5117582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03775906A6D62C8BFF17FEAA125FF82A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03775906A6D62C8BFF17FEAA125FF82A" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D62C8BFF17FEAA1192FE9C" box="[151,503,332,358]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF17FEAA1192FE9C" blockId="169.[151,503,332,391]" box="[151,503,332,358]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<heading id="D0295F7CA6D62C8BFF17FEAA1192FE9C" bold="true" box="[151,503,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFF17FEAA1192FE9C" authority="Bolton &amp; Fisher" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Fisher" box="[151,503,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF17FEAA1192FE9C" bold="true" box="[151,503,332,358]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF17FEAA1143FE9C" bold="true" box="[151,294,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
Bolton &amp; Fisher
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D62C8BFF17FE881083FE7D" box="[151,230,366,391]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF17FE881083FE7D" blockId="169.[151,503,332,391]" box="[151,230,366,391]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<figureCitation id="13E5F495A6D62C8BFF17FE881083FE7D" box="[151,230,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="170.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-89@170.[151,1436,193,1536]" captionTargetPageId="170" captionText="FIGURE 37. Worker caste of Feroponera ferox: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (holotype, CASENT0900369, Will Ericson and www.antweb.org); world distribution of Feroponera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120897/files/figure.png" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D62C8BFF17FE511162FDAF" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF17FE511156FE11" blockId="169.[151,1436,438,491]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA6D62C8BFF17FE511156FE11" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6D62C8BFF17FE51124CFE36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6232583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6232583" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[151,553,438,460]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8787FF9BFFD1FF76FC33E8B7FED8" page="26" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="2008">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFF17FE51124CFE36" authority="Bolton &amp; Fisher, 2008 c: 26" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Fisher" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,553,438,460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF17FE51116AFE36" box="[151,271,439,460]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFE95FE50124CFE36" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[277,553,438,460]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">Bolton &amp; Fisher, 2008c: 26</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(as genus in
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFD2EFE50136CFE36" ID-CoL="L68" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[686,777,438,460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
). Type-species:
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6D62C8BFC2AFE51151DFE36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6232583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6232583" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[938,1400,438,460]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8787FF9BFFD1FF76FC33E8B7FED8" page="28" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="2008">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFC2AFE51151DFE36" authority="Bolton &amp; Fisher, 2008 c: 28" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Fisher" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="2008" box="[938,1400,438,460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFC2AFE51143EFE36" box="[938,1115,438,460]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera ferox</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFBE1FE50151DFE36" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[1121,1400,438,460]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">Bolton &amp; Fisher, 2008c: 28</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; by monotypy.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF17FDFF1162FDAF" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFF17FDFF1179FDCA" box="[151,284,537,560]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF17FDFF1179FDCA" box="[151,284,537,560]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus known only from
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6D62C8BFD77FDF11315FDCA" box="[759,880,535,560]" name="Cameroon" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
. It is apparently hypogeic and may be a termite specialist.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D62C8BFF47FDB9115AFA6A" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FDB91319FCAA" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FDB91124FD82" bold="true" box="[199,321,607,632]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Workers of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFE5AFD87123AFD82" box="[474,607,609,632]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE5AFD87123AFD82" box="[474,607,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily identified by their clypeal teeth, anteriorly-located and closely approximated frontal lobes, eyeless condition, clubbed antennae, and spiniform traction setae on the mesotibiae and meso-/metabasitarsi.
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFDBCFD4F12A4FD3A" box="[572,705,681,704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFDBCFD4F12A4FD3A" box="[572,705,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFBDBFD4E1565FD45" box="[1115,1280,680,703]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFBDBFD4E1565FD45" box="[1115,1280,680,703]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Centromyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFA91FD4115F0FD3A" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[1297,1429,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFA91FD4115F0FD3A" box="[1297,1429,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Boloponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFF45FD2A112BFD1F" box="[197,334,716,741]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF45FD2A112BFD1F" box="[197,334,716,741]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFEDCFD2A1264FD19" box="[348,513,716,739]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFEDCFD2A1264FD19" box="[348,513,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Centromyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a uniquely located metapleural gland orifice, and while
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFB1EFD2A1542FD1F" box="[1182,1319,716,741]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFB1EFD2A1542FD1F" box="[1182,1319,716,741]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does have a pair of clypeal teeth, both
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFE56FD09123EFCF2" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[470,603,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE56FD09123EFCF2" box="[470,603,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Boloponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFD13FD091379FCF2" box="[659,796,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFD13FD091379FCF2" box="[659,796,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack traction setae on the legs, among other differences. Similar paired clypeal teeth also occur in
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFD01FCF3136DFCD6" box="[641,776,789,812]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFD01FCF3136DFCD6" box="[641,776,789,812]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFCC6FCF21388FCD7" box="[838,1005,788,813]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Streblognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFCC6FCF21388FCD7" box="[838,1005,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Streblognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but these genera are otherwise very different from
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFEBBFCDF11A5FCAA" box="[315,448,825,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFEBBFCDF11A5FCAA" box="[315,448,825,848]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are unlikely to be confused with it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FCBA1085FB26" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FCBA11AEFC8F" bold="true" box="[199,459,860,885]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Synoptic description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE5AFCBA1255FC8F" box="[474,560,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Worker.</emphasis>
Small (TL
<quantity id="4C2645F5A6D62C8BFD4AFCBA133EFC8F" box="[714,859,860,885]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.5">3.5–3.8 mm</quantity>
) ants with the standard characters of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFAB6FCBA15FDFC8F" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1334,1432,860,885]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
. Mandibles subtriangular, with five teeth and a basal groove. Anterior margin of clypeus with a pair of short projecting teeth. Frontal lobes closely approximated, of moderate size, and barely projecting past the anterior clypeal margin. Antennae terminating in a four-segmented club. Eyes absent. Pronotum anteriorly with moderately sharp lateral margins. Metanotal groove absent. Propodeum moderately narrowed dorsally. Propodeal spiracles ovoid. Mesotibiae and meso-/metabasitarsi armed with stout traction setae. Metatibial spur formula (1s, 1p). Petiole nodiform, becoming wider posteriorly. Helcium projects from near midheight on the anterior surface of A3. Gaster with a distinct girdling constriction between A3 and A4. Head and body with moderate generally rugulose sculpturing, sparse pilosity, and moderately dense pubescence. Color dark orange.
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFBB2FB9A143EFB6F" box="[1074,1115,1148,1173]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">See</collectingRegion>
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFBE1FB9A1510FB6F" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[1121,1397,1148,1173]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFBE1FB9A14C8FB6F" box="[1121,1197,1148,1173]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Fisher (2008c)
</bibRefCitation>
for a more detailed description of worker structure, including a description of some additional autapomorphies of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FB0E11F1FAFA" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" box="[199,404,1255,1280]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FB0E1172FB05" box="[199,279,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Queen.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FAEA11E0FADF" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" box="[199,389,1292,1317]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FAEA116DFADF" box="[199,264,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FAD711DEFAB2" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" box="[199,443,1327,1352]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FAD71174FAB2" box="[199,273,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Larva.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFE98FAD61127FABD" box="[280,322,1328,1351]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Not</collectingRegion>
described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FAB2115AFA6A" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FAB21194FA97" bold="true" box="[199,497,1364,1389]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFE79FAB3121BFA96" box="[505,638,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE79FAB3121BFA96" box="[505,638,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3BB6E24DA6D62C8BFD06FAB2115EFA6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325973301" country="Cameroon" location="Cameroon" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1">
is known only from the
<typeStatus id="546556B2A6D62C8BFC1CFAB213A9FA91" box="[924,972,1364,1387]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
series collected in
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6D62C8BFB2AFAB2157AFA97" box="[1194,1311,1364,1389]" name="Cameroon" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFAAFFAB21157FA6A" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">Bolton &amp; Fisher, 2008c</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D62C8BFF47FA7A125FF82A" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47FA7A11CAF9DA" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47FA7A11B4FA4F" bold="true" box="[199,465,1436,1461]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Nothing is known about the habits of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFC03FA7B146DFA4E" box="[899,1032,1437,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFC03FA7B146DFA4E" box="[899,1032,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though based on its morphological structure it is undoubtedly hypogeic. The
<typeStatus id="546556B2A6D62C8BFDF5FA2612C0FA22" box="[629,677,1472,1496]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
series was collected from an abandoned termitary, suggesting that they may be termite specialists like
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFDA5FA0212AFFA01" box="[549,714,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFDA5FA0212AFFA01" box="[549,714,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Centromyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though this has not actually been observed (Déjean
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFA97FA03152AFA07" box="[1303,1359,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996;
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFF17F9E111C7F9DA" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[151,418,1543,1568]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFF17F9E11086F9DA" box="[151,227,1543,1568]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Fisher, 2008c
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D62C8BFF47F9CA125FF82A" blockId="169.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF47F9CA1282F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,743,1580,1605]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFD74F9CA147BF9BF" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[756,1054,1580,1605]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFD74F9CA1325F9BF" box="[756,832,1580,1605]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Fisher (2008c)
</bibRefCitation>
described the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFF17F9B71179F992" box="[151,284,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFF17F9B71179F992" box="[151,284,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a single series of workers of a new species,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFC06F9B713B9F992" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2008" box="[902,988,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFC06F9B713B9F992" box="[902,988,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">F. ferox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They noted several autapomorphies to justify their new genus: a pale patch of cuticle and unique dentition of the mandibles, a pair of teeth on the anterior clypeal margin, clubbed antennae, and an apparently glandular surface on the metatibiae. They noted several similarities between
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE07F95B12A6F929" box="[391,707,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFE07F95B126BF92E" box="[391,526,1725,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFD9EF95A12A6F929" box="[542,707,1724,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFC82F95B13EDF92E" box="[770,904,1725,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Promyopias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFC82F95B13EDF92E" box="[770,904,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Promyopias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely the lack of eyes in the workers, the presence of traction setae on the legs, and the relatively high helcium. These shared characters may represent synapomorphies for these genera (as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D62C8BFD55F8E21392F8E7" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[725,1015,1796,1821]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref133646" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2008 c) Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 19, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFD55F8E21344F8E7" box="[725,801,1796,1821]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Fisher (2008c))
</bibRefCitation>
, they could be convergently evolved, or they could represent plesiomorphies within the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFD60F8C1130BF8BA" box="[736,878,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFD60F8C1130BF8BA" box="[736,878,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. However,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFBC2F8CE14ADF8C5" box="[1090,1224,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Promyopias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFBC2F8CE14ADF8C5" box="[1090,1224,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Promyopias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has recently been found to belong to the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFE14F8AA1258F89F" box="[404,573,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE14F8AA1258F89F" box="[404,573,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Odontomachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group rather than the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFCB5F8AA13A6F89F" box="[821,963,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFCB5F8AA13A6F89F" box="[821,963,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (P.S. Ward, pers. comm.). We think it likely that
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFEA6F89711CEF872" box="[294,427,1905,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFEA6F89711CEF872" box="[294,427,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is either sister to
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFDF3F896137DF87D" box="[627,792,1904,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFDF3F896137DF87D" box="[627,792,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Centromyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to the remainder of the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFBC6F88914B1F872" box="[1094,1236,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFBC6F88914B1F872" box="[1094,1236,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group.
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D62C8BFAF4F88915F9F872" box="[1396,1436,1903,1928]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">See</collectingRegion>
the previous discussion of generic relationships within the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFCF5F8721466F857" box="[885,1027,1940,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFCF5F8721466F857" box="[885,1027,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group for more on the possible phylogenetic position of
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D62C8BFE2EF85F125FF82A" box="[430,570,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D62C8BFE2EF85F1253F82A" box="[430,566,1977,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink