498 lines
61 KiB
XML
498 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="7BE683910E837B59C7C98D9E7A29BEC9" ID-CLB-Dataset="5350" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086256" ID-ZooBank="A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623272878632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2014" docId="03775906A6112C52FF17FD1A15E8FAAF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03817p242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Myopias Roger" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FF4E217EA67F2C22FF80FFE61065FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1699920028738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B64BBFF1A1A50CC577709D8002C04DCD">The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B39AC6F8203CF795636D3EB297C4C3FC">Schmidt, C. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77455C98861510B804296AC52236DC93">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="01129D380C921C3A22CC10B5BA8D3AA3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2753AFF0AC0D9BFF871C0DC32E0EEC9D">
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<mods:date id="FDA5BD19CDF7B77ABFDCABACC43F80F8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DECCE1A1B1AA6562EDC85370C3F03E5">2014-06-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A9AE3803B703A2DCD061C949A7652177">3817</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3EA6B3307A4B4DF641E1979EC842F9D2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03775906A6112C52FF17FD1A15E8FAAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5117496" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5117496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03775906A6112C52FF17FD1A15E8FAAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03775906A6112C52FF17FD1A15E8FAAF" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6112C4CFF17FD1A1135FCEC" box="[151,336,764,790]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF17FD1A1135FCEC" blockId="110.[151,336,764,823]" box="[151,336,764,790]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="D0295F7CA6112C4CFF17FD1A1135FCEC" bold="true" box="[151,336,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFF17FD1A1135FCEC" ID-CoL="63D42" ID-ENA="369171" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" box="[151,336,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF17FD1A1135FCEC" bold="true" box="[151,336,764,790]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF17FD1A109BFCEC" bold="true" box="[151,254,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
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||
Roger
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6112C4CFF17FCF81083FCCD" box="[151,230,798,823]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF17FCF81083FCCD" blockId="110.[151,336,764,823]" box="[151,230,798,823]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<figureCitation id="13E5F495A6112C4CFF17FCF81083FCCD" box="[151,230,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="111.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-51@111.[151,1436,195,1967]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 18. Worker caste of Myopias chapmani: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0172093, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of Myopias." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120854/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6112C4CFF17FC81143EFB85" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF17FC8114C1FC86" blockId="110.[151,1436,870,1046]" box="[151,1188,870,892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA6112C4CFF17FC8114C1FC86" box="[151,1188,870,892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6112C4CFF17FC8111F2FC86" author="Roger, J." box="[151,407,870,892]" page="39" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" year="1861">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFF17FC8111F2FC86" ID-CoL="63D42" authority="Roger, 1861: 39" authorityName="Roger" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,407,870,892]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF17FC81108BFC86" box="[151,238,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFF74FC8111F2FC86" author="Roger, J." box="[244,407,870,892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref160915" refString="Roger, J. (1861) Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen (Schluss). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1861">Roger, 1861: 39</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(as genus). Type-species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6112C4CFD23FC811468FC86" author="Roger, J." box="[675,1037,870,892]" page="39" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" year="1861">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFD23FC811468FC86" ID-CoL="743QG" authority="Roger, 1861: 39" authorityName="Roger" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1861" box="[675,1037,870,892]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amblyops">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFD23FC811304FC86" box="[675,865,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias amblyops</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFCE7FC811468FC86" author="Roger, J." box="[871,1037,870,892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref160915" refString="Roger, J. (1861) Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen (Schluss). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1861">Roger, 1861: 39</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; by monotypy.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF17FC63145DFC43" blockId="110.[151,1436,870,1046]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA6112C4CFF17FC63145DFC43" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6112C4CFF17FC6311BCFC61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295128" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7729B202-C181-474D-BFCC-07B3F8561F6B" author="Mayr, G." box="[151,473,901,923]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/795B65363D1786271B5E7DFC37C0F02C" page="715" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" year="1862">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFF17FC6311BCFC61" authority="Mayr, 1862: 715" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="715" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,473,901,923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF17FC631146FC61" box="[151,291,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFEABFC6011BCFC61" author="Mayr, G." box="[299,473,901,923]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref155085" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862: 715</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(as genus in
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFDE9FC6312ABFC61" ID-CoL="K6Z" box="[617,718,901,923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
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||
[Poneridae]). Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFC79FC601510FC61" authority="Smith, F., 1861: 44" authorityName="Smith, F." authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1861" box="[1017,1397,901,923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maligna">
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||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFC79FC6014C5FC61" box="[1017,1184,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Ponera maligna</emphasis>
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||
Smith, F., 1861: 44
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; by monotypy.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6112C4CFEB8FC421231FC40" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[312,596,932,954]" page="249" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFEB8FC421231FC40" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[312,596,932,954]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983: 249</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFDE3FC42128AFC40" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[611,751,932,954]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFDE3FC42128AFC40" box="[611,751,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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as junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFC51FC42144DFC43" ID-CoL="63D42" box="[977,1064,932,953]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFC51FC42144DFC43" box="[977,1064,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF17FC24118BFBEF" blockId="110.[151,1436,870,1046]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA6112C4CFF17FC24118BFBEF" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6112C4CFF17FC2411BCFC22" author="Mayr, G." box="[151,473,962,984]" page="362" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" year="1886">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFF17FC2411BCFC22" authority="Mayr, 1886: 362" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="362" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,473,962,984]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bradyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF17FC241178FC22" box="[151,285,962,984]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Bradyponera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFEA7FC2511BCFC22" author="Mayr, G." box="[295,473,962,984]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="353 - 368" refId="ref155280" refString="Mayr, G. (1886) Notizen uber die Formiciden-Sammlung des British Museum in London. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 36, 353 - 368." type="journal article" year="1886">Mayr, 1886: 362</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as genus). Type-species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFD76FC251405FC22" authority="Smith, F., 1861: 45" authorityName="Smith, F." authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1861" box="[758,1120,962,984]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFD76FC2513E2FC22" box="[758,903,962,984]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Ponera nitida</emphasis>
|
||
Smith, F., 1861: 45
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(junior primary homonym in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFF47FC041177FC0D" ID-CoL="63NZ7" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[199,274,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47FC041177FC0D" box="[199,274,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Ponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFE21FC041259FC0D" ID-CoL="455BX" baseAuthorityName="Donisthorpe" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[417,572,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFE21FC041259FC0D" box="[417,572,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias mayri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Donisthorpe, 1932]); by monotypy.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6112C4CFC42FC071482FC0D" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[962,1255,993,1015]" page="249" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFC42FC071482FC0D" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[962,1255,993,1015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983: 249</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFB79FC07151AFC0D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1886" box="[1273,1407,993,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bradyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFB79FC07151AFC0D" box="[1273,1407,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Bradyponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFE08FBE711BAFBEC" ID-CoL="63D42" box="[392,479,1025,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFE08FBE711BAFBEC" box="[392,479,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF17FBA5143EFB85" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFF17FBA51092FBA0" ID-CoL="63D42" box="[151,247,1091,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF17FBA51092FBA0" box="[151,247,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a moderately large genus (35 described species) restricted to Southeast Asia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6112C4CFB33FBA41578FBA1" box="[1203,1309,1090,1115]" name="Australia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Relatively little is known about its habits, but at least some are specialist predators of millipedes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6112C4CFF47FB6C15F9F825" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF47FB6C1456FAAC" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47FB6C1124FB59" bold="true" box="[199,321,1162,1187]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFE53FB6D1251FB58" box="[467,564,1163,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFE53FB6D1251FB58" box="[467,564,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctive and unlikely to be mistaken for any other genus. Diagnostic characters of the genus (in combination) include: linear mandibles, blunt medial clypeal projection (absent in some species), round propodeal spiracles, nodiform petiole, strong gastral constriction, and simple tarsal claws. The clypeal projection and simple tarsal claws separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFD66FB111323FAF4" box="[742,838,1271,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFD66FB111323FAF4" box="[742,838,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFC10FB111475FAF4" baseAuthorityName="Ito & Ohkawara" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[912,1040,1271,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFC10FB111475FAF4" box="[912,1040,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Leptogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the morphologically most similar (and phylogenetically closest) genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFDC2FAFD12D9FAC8" authorityName="Schmidt & Shattuck" authorityYear="2014" box="[578,700,1307,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Buniapone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFDC2FAFD12D9FAC8" box="[578,700,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Buniapone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFD74FAFC13E7FAC9" box="[756,898,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paltothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFD74FAFC13E7FAC9" box="[756,898,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Paltothyreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have blunt medial clypeal projections, but they differ in many other characters and are unlikely to be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFC4CFAD91449FAAC" box="[972,1068,1343,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFC4CFAD91449FAAC" box="[972,1068,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF47FA8411D6F919" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47FA8411A6FA81" bold="true" box="[199,451,1378,1403]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Synoptic description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFE4AFA841245FA81" box="[458,544,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Worker.</emphasis>
|
||
Small to large (TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C2645F5A6112C4CFD7DFA8413F6FA81" box="[765,915,1378,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="16.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="16.9" valueMin="2.8">2.8–16.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) ants with the standard characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFAB6FA8415FDFA81" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1334,1432,1378,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mandibles usually narrow and moderately curved (triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFCF3FA6113B7FA65" authorityName="Willey & Brown" authorityYear="1983" box="[883,978,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFCF3FA6113B7FA65" box="[883,978,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">M. delta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with only a few teeth, often without a distinct basal angle, and with a strong basal groove. Clypeus very shallow, the frontal lobes reaching or surpassing the anterior clypeal margin, which usually has a small blunt anterior projection. Eyes very small to moderate in size (rarely absent), located far anterior of the head midline. Mesopleuron not divided by a transverse groove (though sometimes with a row of foveae giving the impression of a groove). Metanotal groove shallow to deep. Propodeum broad dorsally. Propodeal spiracles small and round. Metatibial spur formula (1s, 1p). Petiole nodiform, widening posteriorly and dorsally. Gaster with a strong girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of A4. Presence of stridulitrum on pretergite of A4 variable. Head and body foveolate or smooth and shining, sometimes with lateral striations on the mesosoma. Head and body with scattered pilosity and little to no pubescence. Color variable, yellow to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF47F909108AF8B5" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47F9091172F8FC" box="[199,279,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Queen.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to worker but usually slightly larger (sometimes smaller, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFBADF90914A5F8FD" authorityName="Willey & Brown" authorityYear="1983" box="[1069,1216,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFBADF90914A5F8FD" box="[1069,1216,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">M. chapmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), alate and with the other caste differences typical for ponerines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFD29F8F413D8F8D1" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[681,957,1810,1835]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ergatoid queens occur in at least some species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF47F8BC12A5F889" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" box="[199,704,1882,1907]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47F8BC116DF889" box="[199,264,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Undescribed and apparently unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF47F899157FF86D" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" box="[199,1306,1918,1943]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47F8991174F86C" box="[199,273,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFE4DF89912E0F86D" box="[461,645,1918,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFE4DF8991248F86C" box="[461,557,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFC19F89814A3F86D" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[921,1222,1918,1943]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="443 - 462" refId="ref167049" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1964) The ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae: supplement. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 57, 443 - 462." type="journal article" year="1964">Wheeler & Wheeler (1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFB51F898156BF86D" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[1233,1294,1918,1943]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="41 - 64" refId="ref167213" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1976) Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Ponerinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 102, 41 - 64." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6112C4CFF47F84415F9F825" blockId="110.[151,1437,1090,2015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFF47F844118AF841" bold="true" box="[199,495,1954,1979]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6112C4CFD0CF8451289F840" box="[652,748,1955,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6112C4CFD0CF8451289F840" box="[652,748,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6112C4CFC0EF8441399F841" box="[910,1020,1954,1979]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the west and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6112C4CFB34F8441492F841" box="[1204,1271,1954,1979]" name="China" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the north to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6112C4CFF17F820109BF825" box="[151,254,1990,2015]" name="Australia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6112C4CFEB4F82011C7F825" box="[308,418,1990,2015]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
, with the greatest species diversity in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6112C4CFCCAF82013D2F825" box="[842,951,1990,2015]" name="Indonesia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6112C4CFBAAF820141EF825" box="[1066,1147,1990,2015]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6112C4CFB09F82015F5F825" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1161,1424,1990,2015]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DFA1B898A6102C4DFF17F8591475F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10120854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120854/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" startId="111.[151,250,1983,2005]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1955]" targetPageId="111">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6102C4DFF17F8591475F80E" blockId="111.[151,1436,1983,2036]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6102C4DFF17F859114FF82E" bold="true" box="[151,298,1983,2005]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker caste of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6102C4DFD81F82612ABF82F" authorityName="Willey & Brown" authorityYear="1983" box="[513,718,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6102C4DFD81F82612ABF82F" box="[513,718,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Myopias chapmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0172093, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6102C4DFC33F839146FF80E" box="[947,1034,2015,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6102C4DFC33F839146FF80E" box="[947,1034,2015,2036]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA60F2C52FF47FF7115E8FAAF" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60F2C52FF47FF7114EBFD79" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FF47FF7111B0FF4A" bold="true" box="[199,469,151,176]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FE5EFF7E125AFF55" box="[478,575,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FE5EFF7E125AFF55" box="[478,575,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a poorly known genus, probably due to its cryptic nesting and foraging habits. Most of what is known about its ecology and behavior comes from anecdotal observations. Nests are generally constructed in rotting wood, though some species are subterranean nesters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FBEBFF391541FF02" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1131,1316,223,248]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="175 - 192" refId="ref167913" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1923 b) Ants of the genera Myopias and Acanthoponera. Psyche (Camb.), 30, 175 - 192." type="journal article" year="1923">Wheeler, 1923b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FAB2FF391155FEE7" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reported colony sizes are typically less than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A60F2C52FCD4FEE21380FEE7" box="[852,997,260,285]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="worker">100 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, and often much less (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FB6DFEE215FDFEE7" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1261,1432,260,285]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="437 - 447" refId="ref168730" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 a) Some ecological characteristics of ants in New Guinea rain forests. Ecology, 40 (3), 437 - 447." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FF17FEC111C8FEBA" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[151,429,295,320]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FE3EFEC112F2FEBA" author="Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Peeters, C. & Billen, J." box="[446,663,295,320]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref144182" refString="Gobin, B., Ito, F., Peeters, C. & Billen, J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell Tissue Research, 326, 169 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00441 - 006 - 0232 - 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Gobin et al, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At least some species are polygynous, and ergatoid queens (in conjunction with normal dealate queens) occur in at least two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC35FEAB145DFE9E" authorityName="Willey & Brown" authorityYear="1983" box="[949,1080,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC35FEAB145DFE9E" box="[949,1080,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. concava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an undescribed Indonesian species;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FF7BFE89126DFE72" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[251,520,367,392]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FD96FE89128AFE72" author="Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Peeters, C. & Billen, J." box="[534,751,367,392]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref144182" refString="Gobin, B., Ito, F., Peeters, C. & Billen, J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell Tissue Research, 326, 169 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00441 - 006 - 0232 - 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gobin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FDE6FE9712C7FE72" box="[614,674,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC0EFE971467FE7D" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1901" box="[910,1026,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC0EFE971467FE7D" box="[910,1026,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. emeryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are obligately sterile (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FA88FE8910B1FE57" author="Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Peeters, C. & Billen, J." pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref144182" refString="Gobin, B., Ito, F., Peeters, C. & Billen, J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell Tissue Research, 326, 169 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00441 - 006 - 0232 - 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gobin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FADAFE9715F0FE72" box="[1370,1429,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males have apparently never been reported for any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FCADFE73138FFE57" box="[813,1002,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FCADFE7313E8FE56" box="[813,909,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which could simply be a reflection of the paucity of observations of any kind for this genus, or may suggest an unusual reproductive strategy. The feeding habits of most species are unknown, but some species are specialist predators of millipedes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FAC4FE3A10BAFDE2" author="Wilson, E. O." pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="437 - 447" refId="ref168730" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 a) Some ecological characteristics of ants in New Guinea rain forests. Ecology, 40 (3), 437 - 447." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FF6BFE191194FDE2" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[235,497,511,536]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FDB2FDE712F5FDE2" authorityName="Willey & Brown" authorityYear="1983" box="[562,656,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FDB2FDE712F5FDE2" box="[562,656,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. delta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a specialist predator of ants (especially myrmicines but also other ponerines).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FE9CFDC21261FDC7" author="Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Billen, J." box="[284,516,548,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="285 - 291" refId="ref144054" refString="Gobin, B., Ito, F. & Billen, J. (2003 b) The subepithelial gland in ants: a novel exocrine gland closely associated with the cuticle surface. Acta Zoologica, 84, 285 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6395.2003.00149. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Gobin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FEEAFDC311C6FDC7" box="[362,419,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified subepithelial glands in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC05FDC31392FDC6" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1901" box="[901,1015,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC05FDC31392FDC6" box="[901,1015,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. emeryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FBB0FDC314D7FDC7" box="[1072,1202,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maligna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FBB0FDC314D7FDC7" box="[1072,1202,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. maligna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which may function in hydrocarbon production. Abdominal glands within a number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC03FDAE1459FD9A" box="[899,1084,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC03FDAE1381FDA5" box="[899,996,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FA98FDA11081FD7F" author="Billen, J. & Stroobants, Z. & Wenseleers, T. & Hashim, R. & Ito, F." pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="165 - 172" refId="ref132889" refString="Billen, J., Stroobants, Z., Wenseleers, T., Hashim, R. & Ito, F. (2013) Diversity and morphology of abdominal glands in workers of the ant genus Myopias (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Arthropod Structure & Development, 42, 165 - 172. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. asd. 2012.12.001" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Billen
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FAE4FDAF15F9FD9A" box="[1380,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, leading to the discovery of several glands which were previously unknown in ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60F2C52FF47FD691185FCA1" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FF47FD691285FD52" bold="true" box="[199,736,655,680]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FD6CFD761329FD5D" box="[748,844,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FD6CFD761329FD5D" box="[748,844,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FB95FD7614D5FD52" author="Roger, J." box="[1045,1200,655,680]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref160915" refString="Roger, J. (1861) Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen (Schluss). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1861">Roger (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to house his newly described species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FEEBFD531265FD37" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[363,512,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amblyops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FEEBFD531265FD37" box="[363,512,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. amblyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Except for a brief provisional synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FBC9FD52148DFD37" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1097,1256,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FBC9FD52148DFD37" box="[1097,1256,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FB7BFD5215F2FD37" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1275,1431,692,717]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="161 - 185" refId="ref134603" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1973) A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. In: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S. & Duckworth, W. D. (Eds.), Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 161 - 185." type="book chapter" year="1973">Brown, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FF17FD311158FD0A" author="Snelling, R. R." box="[151,317,727,752]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="369 - 453" refId="ref162858" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1981) Systematics of social Hymenoptera. In: Hermann, H. R. (Ed.), Social insects. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, pp. 369 - 453." type="book chapter" year="1981">Snelling, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FED0FD3E11D5FD15" box="[336,432,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FED0FD3E11D5FD15" box="[336,432,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has always been treated as a distinct genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FC1EFD3E145DFD0A" author="Emery, C." box="[926,1080,727,752]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref141346" refString="Emery, C. (1911) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum, 118, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1911">Emery (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed the genus in his subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FF17FD1A1153FCEF" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,310,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Plectroctenini">Plectroctenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on very weak characters (sculpturing, pubescence, and the presence of a pectinate spur on the meso- and metatibiae).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FE2AFCF912A6FCC2" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[426,707,799,824]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC69FCF914E6FCC2" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1001,1155,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC69FCF914E6FCC2" box="[1001,1155,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FF17FCA2114EFCA7" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,299,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bradyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FF17FCA2114EFCA7" box="[151,299,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Bradyponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FEF8FCA311BDFCA6" box="[376,472,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FEF8FCA311BDFCA6" box="[376,472,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60F2C52FF47FC8E110EFC17" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
We continue to treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FE33FC8E1276FC85" box="[435,531,872,895]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FE33FC8E1276FC85" box="[435,531,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct genus, based on both molecular and morphological data.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FAAFFC811084FC5F" author="Schmidt, C." pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="201 - 250" refId="ref161753" refString="Schmidt, C. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Zootaxa, 3647 (2), 201 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schmidt's (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FD95FC6A12E0FC5F" box="[533,645,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FD66FC6B1322FC5E" box="[742,839,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FD66FC6B1322FC5E" box="[742,839,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with strong support in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FB1CFC6A1523FC5F" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1180,1350,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FB1CFC6A1523FC5F" box="[1180,1350,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, probably as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FE0CFC57126EFC32" baseAuthorityName="Ito & Ohkawara" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[396,523,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FE0CFC57126EFC32" box="[396,523,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Leptogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though sister relationships to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FCF4FC571465FC32" box="[884,1024,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mesoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FCF4FC571465FC32" box="[884,1024,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mesoponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FB93FC571453FC32" box="[1043,1078,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FBECFC57148EFC32" baseAuthorityName="Ito & Ohkawara" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1132,1259,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FBECFC57148EFC32" box="[1132,1259,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Leptogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FA90FC5715F9FC32" box="[1296,1436,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mesoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FA90FC5715F9FC32" box="[1296,1436,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mesoponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be rejected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60F2C52FF47FC1E15E8FAAF" blockId="112.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FF47FC1E1101FBEA" author="Emery, C." box="[199,356,1015,1040]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref141346" refString="Emery, C. (1911) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum, 118, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1911">Emery (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FE5FFC1E1225FBF5" box="[479,576,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FE5FFC1E1225FBF5" box="[479,576,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FDFAFC111371FBEA" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[634,788,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FDFAFC111371FBEA" box="[634,788,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on characters of the clypeus (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FB57FC111514FBEA" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1239,1393,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FB57FC111514FBEA" box="[1239,1393,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the clypeus has a medial blunt anterior projection, which is lacking in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC1AFBFB1442FBCE" box="[922,1063,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC1AFBFB139EFBCE" box="[922,1019,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Myopias</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2998979A60F2C52FB84FBFB1442FBCE" box="[1028,1063,1053,1076]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and mandibular teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FABCFBFB15F9FBCE" box="[1340,1436,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FABCFBFB15F9FBCE" box="[1340,1436,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FF20FBA710A1FBA2" box="[160,196,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||
) was restricted to a few small hypogeic species, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FCC4FBD913BBFBA2" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[836,990,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FCC4FBD913BBFBA2" box="[836,990,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered to include most of the taxa now included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FE05FB831180FB86" box="[389,485,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FE05FB831180FB86" box="[389,485,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FDD0FB82129AFB87" author="Schmidt, C." box="[592,767,1124,1149]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="201 - 250" refId="ref161753" refString="Schmidt, C. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Zootaxa, 3647 (2), 201 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schmidt (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not have molecular data for any species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FA8AFB8315F1FB86" box="[1290,1428,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FA8AFB83150EFB86" box="[1290,1387,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Myopias</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2998979A60F2C52FAF1FB8315F1FB86" box="[1393,1428,1125,1148]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, we tentatively agree with the synonymy of these genera by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60F2C52FCCEFB61140DFB5A" author="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[846,1128,1159,1184]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="249 - 285" refId="ref168454" refString="Willey, R. B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (1983) New species of the ant genus Myopias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche (Camb.), 90, 249 - 285." type="journal article" year="1983">Willey & Brown (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It seems likely that either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FF17FB4A1154FB3F" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,305,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FF17FB4A1154FB3F" box="[151,305,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a distinct clade within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FD37FB4B1372FB3E" box="[695,791,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FD37FB4B1372FB3E" box="[695,791,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with the clypeal projection being an apomorphy of this group), or that the presence of the clypeal projection is plesiomorphic and was subsequently lost in a handful of species which evolved more cryptic habits (perhaps several times independently). It will be necessary to obtain molecular data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FEF1FAFF1266FACA" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[369,515,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amblyops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FEF1FAFF1266FACA" box="[369,515,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M. amblyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or another member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FC8FFAFE130AFAD5" box="[783,879,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC8FFAFE130AFAD5" box="[783,879,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FC02FAFF13C0FACA" box="[898,933,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||
) in order to test these hypotheses. It is also possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FEABFADB11EEFAAE" box="[299,395,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FEABFADB11EEFAAE" box="[299,395,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60F2C52FE41FADA123EFAAF" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[449,603,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trapeziopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60F2C52FE41FADA123EFAAF" box="[449,603,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Trapeziopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will prove to be unrelated lineages, though we do not think this is likely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |