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<mods:title id="EE9F2557F170BF33A5D3DE94750090D9">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE162FCC2C653" blockId="65.[151,773,1301,1364]" box="[151,773,1301,1327]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE162FD54C653" authority="(Popofsky, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,659,1301,1327]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulatum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE162FE7AC653" box="[151,445,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lophophaena undulatum</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB9748DE162FD54C653" bold="true" box="[453,659,1301,1327]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB97484E162FD4CC653" author="Popofsky, A." box="[460,651,1301,1327]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="216 - 416" refId="ref94175" refString="Popofsky, A. (1913) Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes. Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 14, 216 - 416. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1913">Popofsky, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB977D3E162FCC2C653" bold="true" box="[667,773,1301,1327]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFD2FFB977D3E162FCC2C653" box="[667,773,1301,1327]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD2FFB975DFE14EFEB7C628" box="[151,368,1337,1364]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE14EFEB7C628" blockId="65.[151,773,1301,1364]" box="[151,368,1337,1364]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Plate 21,
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFD2FFB97448E14EFEACC628" box="[256,363,1337,1364]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetId-0="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId-1="figure-153@12.[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Internal skeletal structure of Amphiplecta acrostoma Haeckel, 1887." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs. 45</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD2FFB975DFE10FFC68C534" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE10FFCD6C6EC" blockId="65.[151,943,1400,1609]" box="[151,785,1400,1425]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE10FFEB0C6EC" authorityName="Popofsky, Benson" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,375,1400,1424]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE10FFEB0C6EC" box="[151,375,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Artopilium undulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFD2FFB97436E10EFE71C6EC" box="[382,438,1401,1424]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB97489E10FFDA6C6ED" author="Popofsky, A." box="[449,609,1400,1425]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="216 - 416" refId="ref94175" refString="Popofsky, A. (1913) Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes. Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 14, 216 - 416. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1913">Popofsky, 1913</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 36, figs. 45.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE1E0FCE1C6D3" blockId="65.[151,943,1400,1609]" box="[151,806,1431,1455]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE1E0FDB1C6D3" authority="Popofsky, Benson, 1966" authorityName="Popofsky, Benson" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,630,1431,1455]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulatum">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE1E0FEB0C6D3" box="[151,375,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Artopilium undulatum</emphasis>
Popofsky,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB974A1E1EFFDB1C6D3" author="Benson, R. N." box="[489,630,1431,1455]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref85564" refString="Benson, R. N. (1966) Recent Radiolaria from the Gulf of California. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 577 pp." type="book" year="1966">Benson, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 36, figs. 12.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE1C1FD99C6B2" authority="Popofsky, Renz, 1974" authorityName="Popofsky, Renz" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,606,1462,1486]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulatum">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE1C1FEB0C6B2" box="[151,375,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Artopilium undulatum</emphasis>
Popofsky,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB974A1E1C1FD99C6B2" author="Renz, G. W." box="[489,606,1462,1486]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="27" refId="ref94537" refString="Renz, G. W. (1974) Radiolaria from Leg 27 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Veevers, J. J., Heirtzler, J. R., Bolli, H. M., Carter, A. N., Cook, P. J., Krasheninnikov, V., McKnight, B. K., Decmia, F. P., Renz, G. W., Robinson, P. T., Rocker, K. Jr. &amp; Thayer, P. A., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 27. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 769 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 27.138.1974" type="book chapter" year="1974">Renz, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 16, fig. 14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE1A3FC90C691" blockId="65.[151,943,1400,1609]" box="[151,855,1492,1517]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE1A3FE2EC690" authority="(Popofsky)" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" box="[151,489,1492,1516]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Lophocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulata">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE1A3FEA8C690" box="[151,367,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lophocorys undulata</emphasis>
(Popofsky)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB974BAE1A3FD5DC691" author="Takahashi, K." box="[498,666,1492,1517]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 301" refId="ref95670" refString="Takahashi, K. (1991) Radiolaria: flux, ecology, and taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Ocean Biocoenosis Series, 3, 1 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1575 / 1912 / 408" type="journal article" year="1991">Takahashi, 1991</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 40, figs. 910.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE184FC52C577" blockId="65.[151,943,1400,1609]" box="[151,917,1523,1547]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE184FE2AC577" authority="(Popofsky)" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" box="[151,493,1523,1547]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulata">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE184FEB3C577" box="[151,372,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Peromelissa undulata</emphasis>
(Popofsky)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB974BFE183FD0CC577" author="Van de Paverd, P. J." box="[503,715,1523,1547]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref96419" refString="Van de Paverd, P. J. (1995) Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition. Ph. D. thesis, Center for Marine Earth Science (the Netherlands) and Paleontological Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, 351 pp." type="book" year="1995">Van de Paverd, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 71, figs. 1213.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE265FC93C556" blockId="65.[151,943,1400,1609]" box="[151,852,1554,1578]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE265FDC8C556" authority="(Popofsky)" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,527,1554,1578]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulatum">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE265FE52C556" box="[151,405,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lophophaena undulatum</emphasis>
(Popofsky)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB97751E265FD7DC556" author="Renaudie, J." box="[537,698,1554,1578]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref94207" refString="Renaudie, J. (2014) A synthesis of Antarctic Neogene radiolarians: taxonomy, macroevolution and biostratigraphy. PhD Thesis, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 300 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.18452 / 16985" type="book" year="2014">Renaudie, 2014</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 27, fig. 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFB975DFE247FC68C534" blockId="65.[151,943,1400,1609]" box="[151,943,1584,1609]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE247FD01C535" authority="Popofsky, Trubovitz et al., 2020" authorityName="Popofsky, Trubovitz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,710,1584,1609]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulatum">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE247FEB0C534" box="[151,375,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Artopilium undulatum</emphasis>
Popofsky,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB974A0E247FD01C535" author="Trubovitz, S. &amp; Lazarus, D. &amp; Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J." box="[488,710,1584,1609]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
Trubovitz
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB9771AE246FD4DC534" box="[594,650,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.,</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, supplementary data 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD2FFBA75DFE206FD01C219" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD2FFBA75DFE206FD01C219" blockId="65.[151,1437,1649,2036]" lastBlockId="66.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE206FECCC5F7" bold="true" box="[151,267,1649,1675]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
It is not entirely clear which genus this species should belong to, but it is included here in
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB9704AE206FA5BC5F7" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[1282,1436,1649,1675]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB9704AE206FA5BC5F7" box="[1282,1436,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lophophaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it fits the basic genus definition, has been considered a lophophaenid by some authors, and because it has morphological similarities to many of the other
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB9778FE2CEFC7AC5AF" box="[711,957,1721,1747]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB9778FE2CEFCA6C5AF" box="[711,865,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lophophaena</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
we encountered during this study. In the original illustration by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB974DAE2AAFD8AC58B" author="Popofsky, A." box="[402,589,1757,1783]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="216 - 416" refId="ref94175" refString="Popofsky, A. (1913) Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes. Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 14, 216 - 416. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1913">Popofsky (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, the spine that runs vertically alongside and extends upward from the cephalis is labelled the ventral spine, while the horizontally-oriented spine at the base of the cephalis is labelled the apical spine. It is our suspicion that the names of these two spines may be reversed, but since Popofskys
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD2FFB971A7E351FAD8C43C" box="[1263,1311,1830,1856]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
material is not available for inspection, it is not possible to draw this conclusion with absolute certainty. If the upward-trending spine is indeed the apical spine, this species would fit the definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB976EEE31AFB87C4FB" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[934,1088,1901,1927]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB976EEE31AFB87C4FB" box="[934,1088,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lophophaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, if the apical spine is truly a horizontal spine in the neck area, this would be a characteristic unique among the lophophaenids and indeed suggest that this species belongs in a different family. This species was originally described as a theoperid (genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD2FFB975DFE3AEFED7C48F" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,272,2009,2035]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD2FFB975DFE3AEFED7C48F" box="[151,272,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Artopilium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB97403E3AEFDCBC48F" author="Popofsky, A." box="[331,524,2009,2035]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="216 - 416" refId="ref94175" refString="Popofsky, A. (1913) Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes. Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 14, 216 - 416. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1913">Popofsky (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, and many subsequent authors have upheld this designation.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD2FFB9719EE3AEFA5BC48F" author="Takahashi, K." box="[1238,1436,2009,2035]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 301" refId="ref95670" refString="Takahashi, K. (1991) Radiolaria: flux, ecology, and taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Ocean Biocoenosis Series, 3, 1 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1575 / 1912 / 408" type="journal article" year="1991">Takahashi (1991)</bibRefCitation>
states that
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD1FFBA7445E4E0FE41C3CD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[269,390,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA7445E4E0FE41C3CD" box="[269,390,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Artopilium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior objective synonym of
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA77B5E4E0FC47C3CD" box="[765,896,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Triacarthus</emphasis>
, and that this species,
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA7133E4E0FB21C3CD" box="[1147,1254,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD1FFBA7133E4E0FB26C3CD" box="[1147,1249,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undulata">undulata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
does not appear to be similar to the
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD1FFBA7421E4CCFE5EC3A9" box="[361,409,187,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
species of that genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD1FFBA77D8E4CCFCA1C3A9" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" box="[656,870,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Artopilium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA77D8E4CCFCA1C3A9" box="[656,870,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Artopilium elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Takahashi therefore tentatively placed this species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD1FFBA7460E4A8FE6BC385" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[296,428,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Lophocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA7460E4A8FE6BC385" box="[296,428,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lophocorys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species was later moved to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD1FFBA76D2E4A8FBE4C385" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[922,1059,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA76D2E4A8FBE4C385" box="[922,1059,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Peromelissa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD1FFBA7107E4A8FA80C385" author="Van de Paverd, P. J." box="[1103,1351,222,249]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref96419" refString="Van de Paverd, P. J. (1995) Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition. Ph. D. thesis, Center for Marine Earth Science (the Netherlands) and Paleontological Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, 351 pp." type="book" year="1995">Van de Paverd (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, but no discussion was provided to justify this. Here we follow the most recent genus designation of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD1FFBA71F3E574FAAFC261" author="Renaudie, J." box="[1211,1384,259,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref94207" refString="Renaudie, J. (2014) A synthesis of Antarctic Neogene radiolarians: taxonomy, macroevolution and biostratigraphy. PhD Thesis, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 300 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.18452 / 16985" type="book" year="2014">Renaudie 2014</bibRefCitation>
, and formally place the species in
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD1FFBA74A9E550FDBCC23D" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[481,635,295,321]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA74A9E550FDBCC23D" box="[481,635,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lophophaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In our opinion, this is the best genus for the species, provided that our interpretation of Popofskys illustration is correct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD1FFBA758FE518FBBCC2F5" box="[199,1147,367,393]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD1FFBA758FE518FBBCC2F5" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,393]" box="[199,1147,367,393]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD1FFBA758FE518FEDDC2F5" bold="true" box="[199,282,367,393]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Range.</emphasis>
Late Miocene—Recent in the EEP. Lower limit not determined. See
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFD1FFBA7169E518FBB2C2F5" box="[1057,1141,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late NeogeneRecent lophophaenids in the EEP." pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>