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404 lines
44 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c8d8e79-b176-41e6-87c9-fb6f4b5ff9a6" ID-PMC="PMC7591553" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-976-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" ID-PubMed="33173395" ID-ZooBank="B755A1D5D42D4CA589BE10C11EAB4580" ModsDocID="1313-2970-976-1" checkinTime="1603239875264" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2020" docId="5DA816660D9255419FFE843019482F33" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 976: 1-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 976" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" docTitle="Sarika bocourti" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169619115" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-1164</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirasak4@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>976</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>100</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-976-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B755A1D5D42D4CA589BE10C11EAB4580</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168504540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5DA816660D9255419FFE843019482F33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DA816660D9255419FFE843019482F33" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="5DA81666-0D92-5541-9FFE-843019482F33" authority="(Morelet, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti">Sarika bocourti (Morelet, 1875)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Geographic distribution of Sarika bocourti, S. hainesi, S. inferospira sp. nov., S. melanospira sp. nov. and S. pellosa sp. nov. based on examined specimens herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464414" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 32</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Living snails of group II: Sarika hainesi group. A Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 showing no left shell lobe (yellow arrow) B S. hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 C S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 D S. inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 E S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and F S. pellosa sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7517. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 33A, C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A-C Sarika hainesi A syntype NHMUK 20200290 and B, C specimen CUMZ 7237 D-F S. bocourti D syntype NHMUK 1893.2.4.1076 - 1077 E specimen CUMZ 7590, and F specimen CUMZ 7592." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464416" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 34D-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Genitalia. A, B Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis. C, D Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464417" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 35C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Spermatophore of Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 A general view of the spermatophore B head filament, and C-E tail filament showing C two spines located close to the sperm sac D branching spines on middle region E branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrowhead indicates the end of the spines from the tip." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464419" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 37</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 B S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7597 C S. inferospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7255 D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and E S. pellosa sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7251. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; Yellow colour indicates lateral teeth with the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 43B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Morelet" authorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti">Helix bocourti</taxonomicName>
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Morelet, 1875: 249. Type locality: "Ľespece provient de Battambang, dans le Cambodje" [Battambang Province, Cambodia];
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<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B9" refString="Breure, ASH, Audibert, C, Ablett, JD, 2018. Pierre Marie Arthur Morelet (1809-1892) and his contributions to malacology. Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging, Leiden" title="Pierre Marie Arthur Morelet (1809 - 1892) and his contributions to malacology." year="2018">Breure et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 222, 223, figs 135, 136.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina (Macrochlamys) boucourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boucourti" subGenus="Macrochlamys">Nanina (Macrochlamys) aff. boucourti</taxonomicName>
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[sic]: Tryon 1886: 89, pl. 29, figs 43-45.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Ariophanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariophanta (Xesta) bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti" subGenus="Xesta">Ariophanta (Xesta) bocourti</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14809" author="Fischer, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Dejussieu Pere et Fils, Autun" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Fischer, P, 1891. Catalogue et distribution geographique des Mollusques terrestres, fluviatiles & marins ďune partie de ľIndo-Chine (Siam, Laos, Cambodge, Cochinchine, Annam, Tonkin). Imprimerie Dejussieu Pere et Fils, Autun, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14809" title="Catalogue et distribution geographique des Mollusques terrestres, fluviatiles & marins ďune partie de ľIndo-Chine (Siam, Laos, Cambodge, Cochinchine, Annam, Tonkin)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14809" year="1891">Fischer 1891</bibRefCitation>
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: 20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina (Xesta) bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti" subGenus="Xesta">Nanina (Xesta) bocourti</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, H" journalOrPublisher="In: Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="390 - 450" refId="B19" refString="Fischer, H, Dautzenberg, P, 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo- Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour. In: Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses 3: 390 - 450" title="Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo- Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour." volume="3" year="1904">Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 394.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti">Sarika bocourti</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.674" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B67" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Thach, P, Chhuoy, S, Ngor, PB, Panha, S, 2020a. Land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Cambodia, with description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 674: 1 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.674" title="Land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Cambodia, with description of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.674" volume="674" year="2020 a">Pholyotha et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
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: 7, 8, fig. 2b;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.51671" author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B86" refString="Sutcharit, C, Thach, P, Chhuoy, S, Ngor, PB, Jeratthitikul, E, Siriwut, W, Srisonchai, R, Ng, TH, Pholyotha, A, Jirapatrasilp, P, Panha, S, 2020. Annotated checklist of the land snail fauna from southern Cambodia (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 948: 1 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.51671" title="Annotated checklist of the land snail fauna from southern Cambodia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.51671" volume="948" year="2020">Sutcharit et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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: 27.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntype</emphasis>
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NHMUK 1893.2.4.1076-1077 (two shells; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A-C Sarika hainesi A syntype NHMUK 20200290 and B, C specimen CUMZ 7237 D-F S. bocourti D syntype NHMUK 1893.2.4.1076 - 1077 E specimen CUMZ 7590, and F specimen CUMZ 7592." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464416" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34D</figureCitation>
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) from Battambang [Battambang Province, Cambodia].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cambodia</emphasis>
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. Samov Mountain, Phnom Sampov, Banan, Battambang,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.6" value="13.026">13°01'33.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="03.6" value="103.101">103°06'03.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7900.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand-Eastern.</emphasis>
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Wat Trok Nong Lang, Khlung, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.3" value="12.537862">12°32'16.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.8" value="102.27606">102°16'33.8"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7578. Trok Nong Waterfall, Khlung, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.4" value="12.544278">12°32'39.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.5" value="102.23708">102°14'13.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7580, 7582, 7583, 7585, 7590 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A-C Sarika hainesi A syntype NHMUK 20200290 and B, C specimen CUMZ 7237 D-F S. bocourti D syntype NHMUK 1893.2.4.1076 - 1077 E specimen CUMZ 7590, and F specimen CUMZ 7592." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464416" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34E</figureCitation>
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), 7591, 7596, 7608. Khao Kaeo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Priest’s">Priest's</normalizedToken>
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camp site, Khlung, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="26.8" value="12.490778">12°29'26.8"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="49.6" value="102.31378">102°18'49.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7598. Khlong Narai Waterfall, Mueang, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.4" value="12.5815">12°34'53.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.2" value="102.17616">102°10'34.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7597, 7601, 7610. Wat Khao Banchob, Makham, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="09.1" value="12.852529">12°51'09.1"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.7" value="102.20352">102°12'12.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7581. Khao Soi Dao, Soi Dao, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="31.0" value="13.108611">13°06'31.0"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="01.5" value="102.20042">102°12'01.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7579, 7584, 7586, 7609. Mountain area near Khao Soi Dao, Soi Dao, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.3" value="13.130362">13°07'49.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.2" value="102.182556">102°10'57.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7600. Mountain area near Wat Ban Wang Ka Prae, Pong Nam Ron, Chanthaburi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.9" value="12.969694">12°58'10.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="102.27239">102°16'20.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7594.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand-Southern.</emphasis>
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Mountain area near Khao Sok Nature Resort, Phanom, Surat Thani,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="22.6" value="8.906278">8°54'22.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.1" value="98.5292">98°31'45.1"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7587. Mountain area near Khao Sok Evergreen House, Phanom, Surat Thani,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.1" value="8.910583">8°54'38.1"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.2" value="98.52978">98°31'47.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7592 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A-C Sarika hainesi A syntype NHMUK 20200290 and B, C specimen CUMZ 7237 D-F S. bocourti D syntype NHMUK 1893.2.4.1076 - 1077 E specimen CUMZ 7590, and F specimen CUMZ 7592." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464416" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34F</figureCitation>
|
||
), 7606. Mountain area near Anurak Community Lodge, Phanom, Surat Thani,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.2" value="8.887834">8°53'16.2"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.9" value="98.68136">98°40'52.9"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7593, 7603. Wat Tham Wararam, Phanom, Surat Thani,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.3" value="8.88425">8°53'03.3"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="02.5" value="98.66736">98°40'02.5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7604. Wat Tham Phanthurat, Phanom, Surat Thani,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.9" value="8.91025">8°54'36.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.3" value="98.52453">98°31'28.3"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7595. Mountain area near Ban Ya Plong, Phanom, Surat Thani,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.0" value="8.909166">8°54'33.0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="51.6" value="98.581">98°34'51.6"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7605. Lot cave, Nopphitam, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.0" value="8.736112">8°44'10.0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="06.5" value="99.63514">99°38'06.5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7602. Limestone outcrop in Tham Nam Phut, Mueang, Phang-nga,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.7" value="8.463805">8°27'49.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.0" value="98.54361">98°32'37.0"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7607. Mountain area near Ban Pak Khlong, Kapong, Phang-nga,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.8" value="8.798556">8°47'54.8"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="40.6" value="98.51128">98°30'40.6"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: CUMZ 7588.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell large, depressed, obtusely angulated body whorl and higher shell spire. Animal with pale to dark grey body and four mantle lobes. Genitalia with a large and straight epiphallic caecum, and triangular prism shaped penial pilasters. Spermatophore with irregularly acute-serrate longitudinal ridges on the head filament, tail filament with two spines and more than ca. two-thirds of its length with series of short branching spines.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 38.</emphasis>
|
||
Shells of Group II:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika hainesi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hainesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika hainesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika inferospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inferospira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika inferospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype CUMZ 7254 and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype CUMZ 7255
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
holotype CUMZ 7258 and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
paratype CUMZ 7243
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pellosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pellosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pellosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
holotype CUMZ 7249 and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
paratype CUMZ 7517.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Shell depressed, large to very large size (shell width up to 33.1 mm, shell height up to 16.1 mm) and rather thin. Shell surface smooth and polished; shell colour pale yellowish brown to brown. Whorls 6-7, increasing regularly; body whorl large and obtusely angulated. Spire moderately to very much elevated; suture impressed. Aperture crescent-shaped and obliquely opened. Peristome simple. Columellar margin simple and slightly reflected near umbilicus. Umbilicus narrowly opened (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Shells of Group II: Sarika hainesi group. A-C Sarika hainesi A syntype NHMUK 20200290 and B, C specimen CUMZ 7237 D-F S. bocourti D syntype NHMUK 1893.2.4.1076 - 1077 E specimen CUMZ 7590, and F specimen CUMZ 7592." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464416" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34D-F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 39.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika inferospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inferospira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika inferospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
general view of the genital system and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
internal structure of the penis
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
general view of the genital system and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genital organs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Atrium short. Penis cylindrical with thin penial sheath covering proximal penis. Inner sculpture of penis proximally more than ca. half of penial chamber with very finely longitudinal penial pilasters to nearly smooth surface, and then gradually transformed from small to large rhomboid pilasters with acute angle on top (triangular prism). Epiphallus cylindrical, slightly longer than penis, and approximately same diameter as penis. Epiphallic caecum short, straight, approximately similar diameter with penis, and located near middle of epiphallus. Penial retractor muscle thin and attached at tip of epiphallic caecum. Flagellum long slender and slightly longer than epiphallus. Vas deferens thin tube connecting distal epiphallus and free oviduct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Genitalia. A, B Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis. C, D Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464417" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Vagina cylindrical and approximately as long as penis. Dart apparatus enlarged, long cylindrical, and located on atrium at vagina and penis junction. Gametolytic sac enlarged and bulbous (with spermatophore inside); gametolytic duct cylindrical. Free oviduct cylindrical, nearly two times of vagina length, and proximal end encircled with thick tissue (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Genitalia. A, B Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of the penis. C, D Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of the penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464417" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Spermatophore long and needle-shaped. Sperm sac enlarged and elongate-oval. Head filament gourd shape with irregularly acute-serrate longitudinal ridges. Tail filament very long tube; region near sperm sac with two spines. Spine I simple and rather short. Spine II very large at base and divided in two spines and then each one branching into many spinules near the tip. Region furthest away smooth without spine; terminal part (more than ca. two-thirds of its length) with series of short branching spines arranged in a row and transformed to long serrate-like spines arranged in opposite rows near the tail filament tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Spermatophore of Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 A general view of the spermatophore B head filament, and C-E tail filament showing C two spines located close to the sperm sac D branching spines on middle region E branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrowhead indicates the end of the spines from the tip." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464419" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth with half row formula: 1-(12-13)-61. Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid with large mesocone and very small to nearly absent ectocone; lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid with large mesocone and very small to nearly absent endocone and ectocone; marginal teeth elongate bicuspid. Marginal teeth starting at approximately row number 12 or 13 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 B S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7597 C S. inferospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7255 D S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and E S. pellosa sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7251. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; Yellow colour indicates lateral teeth with the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External features</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Animal with reticulated skin, pale to dark grey body and darker than foot sole, and dark grey caudal horn. Mantle edge well developed and pale grey colour. Shell lobes and dorsal lobes shape and structure like
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hainesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hainesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hainesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Living snails of group II: Sarika hainesi group. A Sarika bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 showing no left shell lobe (yellow arrow) B S. hainesi specimen CUMZ 7237 C S. bocourti specimen CUMZ 7591 D S. inferospira sp. nov. specimen CUMZ 7257 E S. melanospira sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7243, and F S. pellosa sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7517. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is known from several localities in Chanthaburi Province, eastern Thailand and Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Phang-nga provinces, southern Thailand (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Geographic distribution of Sarika bocourti, S. hainesi, S. inferospira sp. nov., S. melanospira sp. nov. and S. pellosa sp. nov. based on examined specimens herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464414" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
|
||
), and Battambang Province, Cambodia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Morelet, A" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B50" refString="Morelet, A, 1875. Series conchyliologiques comprenant l'enumeration de mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillies pendant le cours de differents voyages ainsi que la description, de plusieurs especes nouvelles. IV. 4e livraison IndoChine. Klincksieck, Paris, 227-377." title="Series conchyliologiques comprenant l'enumeration de mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillies pendant le cours de differents voyages ainsi que la description, de plusieurs especes nouvelles. IV. 4 e livraison IndoChine. Klincksieck, Paris, 227 - 377." year="1875">Morelet 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.674" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B67" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Thach, P, Chhuoy, S, Ngor, PB, Panha, S, 2020a. Land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Cambodia, with description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 674: 1 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.674" title="Land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Cambodia, with description of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.674" volume="674" year="2020 a">Pholyotha et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in both human-influenced habitats, such as plantations or gardens, and natural habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coi analysis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COI analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The ML and BI analyses showed that the four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent a single haplotype, sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. inferospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inferospira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. inferospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. +
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. melanospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanospira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. melanospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. with strong support (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
||
; BS = 99%, PP = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Specimens from Chanthaburi Province, eastern Thailand were identical with the syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was described from Battambang Province, Cambodia. Both the shell morphology and genital anatomy of the disjunct populations from southern Thailand agree well with the populations from eastern Thailand. From the COI gene phylogeny, all specimens from southern Thailand are retrieved as monophyletic with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern Thailand and with no variation in the COI sequences (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean intra-specific and inter-specific genetic divergences among species of Sarika from the mitochondrial COI gene sequences estimated by the K 2 P model. Taxa in bold are the new species described herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The eastern and southern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are possibly shaping up by sea level fluctuation in the last glacial periods recorded in tree-dwelling snails and centipedes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.24.189" author="Prasankok, P" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="189 - 197" refId="B70" refString="Prasankok, P, Ota, H, Toda, M, Panha, S, 2007. Allozyme variation in the camaenid tree snails Amphidromus atricallosus (Gould, 1843) and A. inversus (Mueller, 1774). Zoological Science 24: 189 - 197, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.24.189" title="Allozyme variation in the camaenid tree snails Amphidromus atricallosus (Gould, 1843) and A. inversus (Mueller, 1774)." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.24.189" volume="24" year="2007">Prasankok et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135355" author="Siriwut, W" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B81" refString="Siriwut, W, Edgecombe, GD, Sutcharit, C, Panha, S, 2015. The centipede genus Scolopendra in Mainland Southeast Asia: molecular phylogenetics, geometric morphometrics and external morphology as tools for species delimitation. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0135355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135355" title="The centipede genus Scolopendra in Mainland Southeast Asia: molecular phylogenetics, geometric morphometrics and external morphology as tools for species delimitation. PLoS ONE 10 (8): e 0135355." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135355" year="2015">Siriwut et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
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). Further investigation by adding more samples and genetic markers would help elucidate the phylogeographical history of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Although shell morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bocourti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hainesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hainesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hainesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite similar, the genitalia and spermatophore are clearly distinct.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika bocourti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has larger epiphallic caecum, and a spermatophore with a head filament with acute-serrate ridges, and the tail filament has fewer branching spines.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika hainesi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hainesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika hainesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a smaller epiphallic caecum, and a spermatophore with a head filament with a sponge-like appearance and the tail filament has more branching spines. In addition, the genetic distance between these two species is rather high (7.0%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |