169 lines
15 KiB
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169 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="44D15D5D3ADEC4AEB5ABA490F9940953" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Stylaster trachystomus Fisher 1938, new rank" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032755" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:44D15D5D3ADEC4AEB5ABA490F9940953" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/44D15D5D3ADEC4AEB5ABA490F9940953" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Stylaster_trachystomus" authority="Fisher, 1938" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster trachystomus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trachystomus">Stylaster trachystomus (Fisher, 1938)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="41" pageNumber="42">new rank</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 17H20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–M">A-M</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora campyleca subsp. trachystoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="campyleca" subSpecies="trachystoma">Allopora campyleca trachystoma</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1938: 510-511, pl. 45, fig. 2, pl. 46, pl. 54, figs 1-1b.-?
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<bibRefCitation author="Naumov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Keys to the fauna of the USSR published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 660" title="Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR." volume="70" year="1960">Naumov 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 579.-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lowenstam 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 382 (mineralogy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus subsp. trachystomus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="campylecus" subSpecies="trachystomus">Stylaster campylecus trachystomus</taxonomicName>
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.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns 1983b</bibRefCitation>
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: 430.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Palaios" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 107" title="Phylogenetic implications of the calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.2307/3514799" volume="7" year="1992">Cairns and Macintrye 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 100-101 (mineralogy).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Wing and Barnard 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 27.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries Oceanography" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="131 - 138" title="Corals of the Aleutian Islands." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" volume="14" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 134 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 108 (listed).-Jameison et al. 2007: 224 (listed).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Holotype: Alb-4784, 1 dry female colony 9 cm in height, and SEM stubs 1516, 1541, USNM 43265 (Fig. 17H). Paratypes: Alb-4784, 2 female, 2 male, 1 indet. colonies, and SEM stub 1517-18, dry, USNM 76811. Type locality.Alb-4784:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.92778">52°55'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="173.43333">173°26'E</geoCoordinate>
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(off East Cape, Attu Island, Aleutians), 247 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Types; Delta 5999-8E-3,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="51.3507">51°21.042'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-179.50806">179°30.483'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 115 m, 4 Jul 2003, 1 male, AB10-0001; Delta 6230
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–20–">-20-</normalizedToken>
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18,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="52.469032">52°28.142'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-173.59804">173°35.882'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 190 m, 8 Jul 2004, 5 male branch fragments in alcohol, AB10-0004; Shishaldin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="54.9015">54°54.09'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="178.62117">178°37.27'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 366 m, 11 Feb 2000, 1 female, 2 male, AB00-45.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Corallum uniplanar, occasionally with short side branches oriented perpendicular to flabellum; branch anastomosis occurs only in large-diameter basal branches. Largest colony (paratype) 12 cm tall and 8 cm wide, with a basal branch diameter of 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5 cm. Distal branches circular to slightly flattened in cross section. Commensal spionid worm tubes common. Coenosteum reticulate-granular in texture, the coenosteal strips 70-80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, the slits discontinuous and about 10-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, the small granules producing a rough texture. On exsert cyclosystems, coenosteal strips are parallel and straight. Most coralla bear some short coenosteal ridges, called "spinous outgrowths" by
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="493 - 554" title="Hydrocorals of the North Pacific Ocean." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.84-3024.493" volume="84" year="1938">Fisher (1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 511), these thin ridges aligned with the branch (up to 1 mm long, 1 mm tall, and only 0.1 mm in width) or aligned with some of the pseudosepta on exterior wall of a cyclosystem (Fig. 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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). Coenosteum pale pink-orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Cyclosystems arranged uniformly on branches, not linearly, but fewer in number on posterior face. Cyclosystems rarely circular in shape, rather elliptical or asymmetrical, the longer axis of the ellipse up to 1.8 mm. Gastropore tubes cylindrical, slightly curved, and quite deep (up to 3 mm); a well-developed ring palisade present near gastrostyle tip, composed of squat elements about 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in height and width. Gastrostyles lanceolate, up to 0.67 mm, having a H:D of about 3.1, and occupying lower quarter of gastropore tube. Because of curvature of the long gastropore tube, the short gastrostyle, and the wide pseudosepta, the gastrostyle tip is rarely seen when viewed from above.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dactylotomes 0.085-0.10 mm in width, supernumerary dactylopores being quite rare, usually associated with pseudosepta. Dactylostyle inconspicuous (Fig. 20J). Range of dactylopores per cyclosystem 8-18 (n = 50, average = 11.82 (σ = 2.15), and mode = 11). Pseudosepta slender (0.07-0.21 mm wide), adcauline diastemas twice that width sometimes present; surface of pseudosepta quite porous (Fig. 20F).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Female ampullae (Fig. 20D, G,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
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) superficial hemispheres 1.0-1.3 mm in diameter, having a knobby or papillose surface; efferent pores not evident in material at hand. Male ampullae (Fig. 20M) also superficial swellings 0.50-0.55 mm in diameter. Both types of ampullae clustered on anterior and posterior branch faces.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="493 - 554" title="Hydrocorals of the North Pacific Ocean." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.84-3024.493" volume="84" year="1938">Fisher (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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described this taxon as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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, distinguishing it from the nominate subspecies by having spongy pseudosepta (Fig. 20F), decurrent pseudoseptal ridges on the inside of the gastropore tube (Fig. 20C), and spiny coenosteal outgrowths (Fig. 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster trachystomus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trachystomus">Stylaster trachystomus</taxonomicName>
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is otherwise similar to typical
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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in gastropore tube and gastrostyle shape and number of dactylopores per cyclosystem, but is also similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster brochi" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brochi">Stylaster brochi</taxonomicName>
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in arrangement of cyclosystems and in hosting commensal spionid polychaetes; it also has unique characteristics as mentioned above (see also Table 2). Although few colonies are known of this species, because it does present a unique set of characteristics, it is considered valid and herein elevated to species rank. The corallum was found to be 100% aragonitic according to
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Palaios" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 107" title="Phylogenetic implications of the calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.2307/3514799" volume="7" year="1992">Cairns and Macintrye (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Aleutian Islands: from off Attu Island and north of Amalia Island (Andreanof Islands), including Bowers Bank; 115-366 m.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Figure 20.
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster trachystomus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trachystomus">Stylaster trachystomus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
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holotype, USNM 43265, M male paratype, USNM 76811: A stereo view of a cyclosystem showing internal decurrent ridges within gastropore B a cyclosystem C a damaged cyclosystem showing decurrent ridges D stereo view of longitudinal section of a cyclosystem and some female ampullae E a gastrostyle and ring palisade F porous pseudosepta G stereo view of ridged coenosteum and a small female ampulla H branch segment I coenosteal texture J rudimentary dactylostyle
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<normalizedToken originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
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clusters of female ampullae M male ampullae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |