188 lines
26 KiB
XML
188 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="A19F079F26797A28274A3C0EC14E8C7B" ID-CLB-Dataset="298698" ID-DOI="10.21307/jofnem-2022-002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c2d976d2-3b31-4091-802d-c11347478fda" ID-ISSN="2640-396X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11644649" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718309280278" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bernard, Ernest C, Chaffin, Angel G & Gwinn, Kimberly D" docDate="2022" docId="03E987A7FFF4FFA1D853FC24FEFC8BB3" docLanguage="en" docName="JNematol.54.1.002.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Nematology 54 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2022-002" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF.2:JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF" docStyleName="JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Ditylenchus dipsaci Filipjev 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFD0FFDFFFF1FFA7DB65FFC3FF898862" masterDocTitle="Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1718907079740" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8780B978A3BD784148083C6B88A1E8E5">
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<mods:title id="286F21B5030B66174B2000DFBE130F94">Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8300D294DFA6D9A75CF2718ACB921116">Bernard, Ernest C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BEC5B18F21C5AF2E96542541DDAAA633">Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="97DDF966B1D2C16082B8BD55F3464656" type="email">ebernard@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BA371EC3F2E1F77DD6833A15B756A2B9">Chaffin, Angel G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="197EA016B096557FCC84391B8845FF31">Pope’s Plant Farm, Maryville, TN.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5F95F6C853EA3A30501B1521C731B33">Gwinn, Kimberly D</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B525C081031E3E5736E0DA6FD037247">Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0C6D60E99068D5E5FBE31BCD9DF4E3F4">Journal of Nematology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EB333D6CCC4EB15C14A9ED2B7E0B97FD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="81038141E3A1989C9E9DA85B48A477A7">2021-08-23</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E987A7FFF4FFA1D853FC24FEFC8BB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12191538" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233242936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12191538" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987A7FFF4FFA1D853FC24FEFC8BB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987A7FFF4FFA1D853FC24FEFC8BB3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C35A653AFFF4FFA2D853FC24FB108C49" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF4FFA2D853FC24FB108C49" blockId="5.[822,1305,999,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0B781DDFFF4FFA2D853FC24FB108C49" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2D853FC24FB108C49" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2D853FC24FB378C67" ID-CoL="885HM" authority="(Kuhn)" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[822,1214,999,1029]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn)</taxonomicName>
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(stem nematode) and relatives
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A653AFFF4FFA1D853FB84FEFC8BB3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF4FFA1D853FB84FDBC89D3" blockId="5.[821,1439,1095,1920]" lastBlockId="6.[150,769,184,977]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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This nematode and its host-parasite relationships have been thoroughly reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DF97FBA4FC0D8CC2" author="Sturhan, D. & Hallmann, J. & Niere, B." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="261 - 6" refId="ref15536" refString="Sturhan, D., Hallmann, J. and Niere, B. 2008. Ein nematologisches Jubilaum: 150 Jahre Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857). Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 60: 261 - 6." type="journal article" year="2008">Sturhan et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2D8C4FB44FB1E8CC2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[929,1175,1159,1184]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2D8C4FB44FB1E8CC2" box="[929,1175,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ditylenchus dipsaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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invades stems of susceptible plants and causes maceration of cortical and pith cells as they feed by secretion of pectinases and other enzymes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DFB7FB24FCF98D42" author="Riedel, R. M. & Mai, W. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="174 - 8" refId="ref14484" refString="Riedel, R. M. and Mai, W. F. 1971. A comparison of pectinases from Ditylenchus dipsaci and Allium cepa callus tissue. Journal of Nematology 3: 174 - 8." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedel and Mai, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). Mating and reproduction take place inside the stem. Symptoms result in collapse and lodging of affected plants.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DF73FA84FB438D02" author="Kirchner, O." box="[1046,1226,1351,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref12232" refString="Kirchner, O. 1906. Die Krankheiten und Beschadigungen unserer landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen. Verlagsbuchhandlung Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart." type="book" year="1906">Kirchner (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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provided the first description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2D884FAA4FBDF8DE2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[993,1110,1383,1408]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2D884FAA4FBDF8DE2" box="[993,1110,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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infection of hemp, followed soon by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2D8CFFA44FBDB8DC2" author="Peglion, V." box="[938,1106,1415,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="154 - 64" refId="ref14142" refString="Peglion, V. 1901. Intorno ad cosidetto incappuciamentodella canape. Annuario della R. Stazione di Patologia Vegetale di Roma 1: 154 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1901">Peglion (1901</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2DFE8FA44FA068DC2" box="[1165,1423,1415,1440]" class="Chromadorea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Tylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="devastatrix">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2DFE8FA44FA068DC2" box="[1165,1423,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tylenchus devastatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2D853FA64FBE28DA2" author="McPartland, J. M. & Clarke, R. C. & Watson, D. P." box="[822,1131,1447,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref13168" refString="McPartland, J. M., Clarke, R. C. and Watson, D. P. 2000. Hemp diseases and pests. Wallingford, CABI." type="book" year="2000">McPartland et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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provided a list of later European records. This species has many host races (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2D8E2FA24FBBD8E62" author="Dropkin, V. H." box="[903,1076,1511,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="145 - 61" refId="ref10507" refString="Dropkin, V. H. 1988. The concept of race in phytonematology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 26: 145 - 61." type="journal article" year="1988">Dropkin, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DF24FA24FB758E62" author="Ladygina, N. M." box="[1089,1276,1511,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="101 - 26" refId="ref12589" refString="Ladygina, N. M. 1988. Biological races: caryotypes and hybridization of Ditylenchus. In Gubina, V. G. (Ed.), Nematodes of plants and soils genus Ditylenchus. Karachi: Saad Publications (translation of original Russian text), pp. 101 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1988">Ladygina, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DE6CFA24FC5F8E42" author="Sturhan, D. & Brzeski, M." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="423 - 64" refId="ref15486" refString="Sturhan, D. and Brzeski, M. 1991. Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. In Nickle, W. R. (Ed.), Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp. 423 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1991">Sturhan and Brzeski, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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) and an enormous host range, but is most serious on alfalfa (lucerne), onion and a wide range of floral bulbs; historically it also was the most damaging parasite of teasel.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DFCBF9A4FCF58EC2" author="Steiner, G. & Buhrer, E. M." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="76 - 85" refId="ref15372" refString="Steiner, G. and Buhrer, E. M. 1932. A list of plants attacked by Tylenchus dipsaci, the bulb or stem nema. Plant Disease Reporter 16: 76 - 85." type="journal article" year="1932">Steiner and Buhrer (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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listed
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2D8B5F944FBB18EC2" baseAuthorityName="Subbotin" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[976,1080,1671,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Cannabis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2D8B5F944FBB18EC2" box="[976,1080,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. sativa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a host for
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2DF89F944FAEA8EC2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1260,1379,1671,1696]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2DF89F944FAEA8EC2" box="[1260,1379,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but with a question mark and without citing a source. Symptoms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF4FFA2D886F904FBD28E82" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[995,1115,1735,1760]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF4FFA2D886F904FBD28E82" box="[995,1115,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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infestation on hemp have been described and(or) illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DF80F924FA108F62" author="Kirchner, O." box="[1253,1433,1767,1792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref12232" refString="Kirchner, O. 1906. Die Krankheiten und Beschadigungen unserer landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen. Verlagsbuchhandlung Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart." type="book" year="1906">Kirchner (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2D850F8C4FC578F42" author="Peglion, V." box="[821,990,1799,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="154 - 64" refId="ref14142" refString="Peglion, V. 1901. Intorno ad cosidetto incappuciamentodella canape. Annuario della R. Stazione di Patologia Vegetale di Roma 1: 154 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1901">Peglion (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2D88FF8C4FB128F42" author="Kotthoff, P." box="[1002,1179,1799,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref12528" refString="Kotthoff, P. 1937. Fur Deutschland neue Wirtspflanzen der Anguillulina dipsaci (Kuhn). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde 13: 63 - 0." type="journal volume" year="1937">Kotthoff (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DFCDF8C4FAD28F42" author="Mezzetti, A." box="[1192,1371,1799,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref13446" refString="Mezzetti, A. 1951. Alcune alterazioni della canapa manifestatesi nella decorsa annata agraria. Quaderni del Centro di Studi per le Ricerche sulla Lavorazione Coltivazione ed Economia della Canapa (Laboratorio Sperimentale di Patologia Vegetale di Bologna), No. 11, 18 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mezzetti (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DE0DF8C4FCF58F22" author="Ferri, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="764 - 5" refId="ref10799" refString="Ferri, F. 1961. Canapa. Progresso Agricolo 7: 764 - 5." type="journal article" year="1961">Ferri (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2D8A1F8E4FAA68F22" author="Rak Cizej, M. & Policnik, F." box="[964,1327,1831,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="36 - 43" refId="ref14299" refString="Rak Cizej, M. and Policnik, F. 2018. Skodljivci industrijske konoplie (Cannabis sativa L.) v Sloveniji. Hmeljarski Bilten 25: 36 - 43." type="journal article" year="2018">Rak Cizej and Poličnik (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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, and are similar to those on crops such as alfalfa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DE5AF884FBAD8FE2" author="Sturhan, D. & Brzeski, M." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="423 - 64" refId="ref15486" refString="Sturhan, D. and Brzeski, M. 1991. Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. In Nickle, W. R. (Ed.), Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp. 423 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1991">Sturhan and Brzeski, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF4FFA2DF27F8A4FB7C8FE2" author="Peglion, V." box="[1090,1269,1895,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="154 - 64" refId="ref14142" refString="Peglion, V. 1901. Intorno ad cosidetto incappuciamentodella canape. Annuario della R. Stazione di Patologia Vegetale di Roma 1: 154 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1901">Peglion (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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, summarized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1DBA2FF7BFE2888B3" author="Schumann, K." box="[199,417,184,209]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14747" refString="Schumann, K. 1903. Just'sBotanischerJahresbericht, 1901. Gebruder Borntraeger, Leipzig (Peglion summary p. 661)." type="journal volume" year="1903">Schumann (1903)</bibRefCitation>
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and cited in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1D90FFF7BFF6A8893" author="Marcinowski, K." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref13032" refString="Marcinowski, K. 1909. Parasitisch und semiparasitisch an Pflanzen lebende Nematoden. Arbeiten der Kaiserliche Biologie Anstalt fur Land- and Forstwirtschaft 7: 1 - 192." type="journal article" year="1909">Marcinowski (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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, determined that hemp planted as seed was susceptible to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1DA30FF3BFE588973" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[341,465,248,273]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1DA30FF3BFE588973" box="[341,465,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but older plants were not infected when nematode-rich soil was spread around them.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1DA58FEFBFDF18933" author="Sturhan, D. & Brzeski, M." box="[317,632,312,337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="423 - 64" refId="ref15486" refString="Sturhan, D. and Brzeski, M. 1991. Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. In Nickle, W. R. (Ed.), Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp. 423 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1991">Sturhan and Brzeski (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1DBF2FE9BFE9B8913" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,274,344,369]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1DBF2FE9BFE9B8913" box="[151,274,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caused significant damage to hemp in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577621FFF7FFA1DBF2FEBBFF6F89F3" box="[151,230,376,401]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although they did not provide attribution or additional details for the statement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF7FFA1DBD8FE7BFEFC8BB3" blockId="6.[150,769,184,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Stem nematodes on hemp were placed in the rye race by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1DA40FE1BFE458993" author="Kotthoff, P." box="[293,460,472,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="4 - 14" refId="ref12554" refString="Kotthoff, P. 1950. Die Verbreitung von Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) als Schadling an landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen in Westfalen. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten, Pflanzenpathologie und Pflanzenschutz 57: 4 - 14." type="journal article" year="1950">Kotthoff (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but in the flax-hemp race by Kir’yanova and Krall’ (1971).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1D940FE3BFD778A73" author="Skarbilovich, T. S." box="[549,766,504,529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="579 - 82" refId="ref15032" refString="Skarbilovich, T. S. 1951. Resistance of various plants against the nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn), parasite of potato and garlic. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 9: 579 - 82; (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1951">Skarbilovich (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found slight infection of hemp by the potato race and moderate infection by the onion race.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1D92EFDFBFD778A33" author="Ladygina, N. M." box="[587,766,568,593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="101 - 26" refId="ref12589" refString="Ladygina, N. M. 1988. Biological races: caryotypes and hybridization of Ditylenchus. In Gubina, V. G. (Ed.), Nematodes of plants and soils genus Ditylenchus. Karachi: Saad Publications (translation of original Russian text), pp. 101 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1988">Ladygina (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1DBAFFD9BFEF88A13" author="Janssen, G. J. W." box="[202,369,600,625]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="469 - 73" refId="ref11813" refString="Janssen, G. J. W. 1994. The relevance of races in Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev, the stem nematodes. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 17: 469 - 73." type="journal article" year="1994">Janssen (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention the flax-hemp race, nor did they list hemp or flax in any other race; however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1DBF3FD5BFE4F8AD3" author="Sturhan, D. & Brzeski, M." box="[150,454,664,689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="423 - 64" refId="ref15486" refString="Sturhan, D. and Brzeski, M. 1991. Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. In Nickle, W. R. (Ed.), Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp. 423 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1991">Sturhan and Brzeski (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought that the flax-hemp and rye races were identical.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1DA9AFD7BFD578AB3" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[511,734,696,721]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1DA9AFD7BFD578AB3" box="[511,734,696,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ditylenchus dipsaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now recognized as a species complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1D930FD1BFF5C8B73" author="Subbotin, S. A. & Madani, M. & Krall, E. & Sturhan, D. & Moens, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1308 - 15" refId="ref15618" refString="Subbotin, S. A., Madani, M., Krall, E., Sturhan, D. and Moens, M. 2005. Molecular diagnostics, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci species complex based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer-rDNA. Phytopathology 95: 1308 - 15." type="journal article" year="2005">Subbotin et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with several named and economically significant species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF7FFA1DB9BFCDBFE478B53" author="Saadi, I. & De Luca, F. & Fanelli, E. & Troccoli, A. & Greco, N. & Benbouza, H." box="[254,462,792,817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="505 - 13" refId="ref14601" refString="Saadi, I., De Luca, F., Fanelli, E., Troccoli, A., Greco, N. and Benbouza, H. 2019. Morpho-molecular characterization of Ditylenchus gigas and D. oncogenus parasitizing broad bean, Vicia faba, in Algeria. European Journal of Plant Pathology 155: 505 - 13." type="journal article" year="2019">Saadi et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1DBF2FCFBFE8E8B33" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,263,824,849]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1DBF2FCFBFE8E8B33" box="[151,263,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations capable of parasitizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1D9FBFCFBFD768B33" baseAuthorityName="Subbotin" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[670,767,824,849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Cannabis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1D9FBFCFBFD768B33" box="[670,767,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. sativa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been studied, but the various results and placements suggest that the relationship of the nematode and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1DBB4FC5BFEB38BD3" baseAuthorityName="Subbotin" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[209,314,920,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Cannabis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1DBB4FC5BFEB38BD3" box="[209,314,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. sativa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may involve cryptic members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF7FFA1DBF2FC7BFE8F8BB3" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,262,952,977]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dipsaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF7FFA1DBF2FC7BFE8F8BB3" box="[151,262,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. dipsaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |