246 lines
32 KiB
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246 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="1ACB532A855F9DDD47ECDD3AC321546C" ID-CLB-Dataset="3740" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a19" ID-GBIF-Dataset="234d3553-9ac6-47aa-b2c0-8ef2f8248d19" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628473" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1EE3B267-DFAE-4F6B-A362-90E4AE36E31A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635541865330" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Syromyatnikova, Elena, Tesakov, Alexey & Titov, Vadim" docDate="2021" docId="03E8815DF87BFF9B921BF9C3208513F9" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.19.683-689.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (19)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Naja romani" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="686" masterDocId="FFD1F925F87FFF9E930EFFF1223D1472" masterDocTitle="Naja romani (Hoffstetter, 1939) (Serpentes: Elapidae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Caucasus: the last East European large cobra" masterLastPageNumber="689" masterPageNumber="683" pageNumber="685" updateTime="1699467213138" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7D8A467699B608E7E0BF390A0EC85731">
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<mods:title id="78847FD911121AFB6740BF57596C4E74">Naja romani (Hoffstetter, 1939) (Serpentes: Elapidae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Caucasus: the last East European large cobra</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="86B0DF27F598E105499BFA3974E1AE7B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C4548B8134F6022F47645FAB34D88058">
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<mods:roleTerm id="78CA6143FDD6D258BB69034F0542E88E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="77B21F7EAD9350DC9EFDA5BE4E933BA0">Syromyatnikova, Elena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="91D9A5497B07BC7994147F54EA6D8083">A. A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str., 123, Moscow, 117647 (Russia) and Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb., 1, St. Petersburg, 199034 (Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BCA68B75D81A2B90071702AB695F58A1" type="email">esyromyatnikova@gmail.com & sev@paleo.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="ECFBA08463D5931EF38860388EB1B491" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7959F79B8617621CF78AD20EF61BCC67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B47ED565A9B1A1987EDF08B618C14155">Tesakov, Alexey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CD42A47FE2A586D5F20322CFB364F846">Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 7, Moscow, 119017 (Russia)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="45C589DBA27A7E93A84411E9ACE8BD66" type="email">tesak@ginras.ru & tesak-ov@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="265A2CAAF4FE6418FAA76BB640F15DC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="27FE24AF5FA4157C7D018932C6C82757">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="05E3A8F50B8AC3C34EF876225DB9D7DF">Titov, Vadim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28BFFE25B647E72AA3E82E699692AB69">Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhov str. 41, 344006 Rostov-on-Don (Russia)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C402321F5689278592E1C1435D515DCF" type="email">vvtitov@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="20075CDF5EAD971AC34D214FE69E0058">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="84E4707BC162A4CC217DEC5294E99200">
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<mods:title id="151A6D6459F314472D75D34A8DA04615">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AEEF0F47432A3469C0B7929AFB288E0D">
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<mods:date id="E0073973F2D1C06E8EDB1D42DB23386C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0993BA511ECBBF3F3A17B55DB7EF88D7">2021-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B0439BA3822764807B75CCCCB86195B7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="65F4FE84A2A36DE7F570D427165CC80E">43</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="33CB7FC6E9BCB562B73C00FF0405B636" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="1CF77800A5DCB226A5CCD5417814C918">19</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8AE963E340FCE6E6566DEC1D920F03A6">683</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8F7A65B88D7F8C7D373D735A875AB1F8">689</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="24EBF25FFF671E2FD5199F68057B5D1F" type="CLB-Dataset">3740</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF6368653CA3B870D60D77DEDDCB0DD3" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B144A0B3D040B5CC5A08A98CFEE6F388" type="GBIF-Dataset">234d3553-9ac6-47aa-b2c0-8ef2f8248d19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E6542514973254A0991905CA72A9600" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E8815DF87BFF9B921BF9C3208513F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636785" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189801876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5636785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E8815DF87BFF9B921BF9C3208513F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8815DF87BFF9B921BF9C3208513F9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="686" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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<subSubSection id="C35B63C0F87BFF9A921BF9C3204B123F" box="[277,630,1586,1613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9A921BF9C3204B123F" blockId="4.[277,630,1586,1613]" box="[277,630,1586,1613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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<heading id="D0B68727F87BFF9A921BF9C3204B123F" box="[277,630,1586,1613]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A921BF9C3204B123F" authority="(Hoffstetter, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[277,630,1586,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87BFF9A921BF9C3239E123E" bold="true" box="[277,419,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">Naja romani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87BFF9A92BFF9C32053123F" author="HOFFSTETTER R." box="[433,622,1586,1613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref4842" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. 1939. - Contribution a l'etude des Elapidae actuels et fossiles et de l'osteologie des Ophidiens. Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon 15: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1939">Hoffstetter, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B63C0F87BFF9A9290F9A323D0121F" box="[414,493,1618,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9A9290F9A323D0121F" blockId="4.[414,493,1618,1645]" box="[414,493,1618,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137A2CCEF87BFF9A92A9F9A323D9121E" box="[423,484,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1985,2002]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,215,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — The precloacal vertebra of Naja romani (Hoffstetter, 1939) from Solnechnodolsk locality in dorsal (A), ventral (B), left lateral (C), right lateral (D), anterior (E) and posterior (F) views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5636783/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B63C0F87BFF9A938AF97D22E812AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9A938AF97D22E812AA" blockId="4.[131,775,1675,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED.
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87BFF9A9250F97D234A12D1" box="[350,375,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">—</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B293A16F87BFF9A9273F97A22EC12AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396081301" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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One precloacal vertebra GIN 1145/305, Solnechnodolsk locality, Northern Caucasus,
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<collectingCountry id="F35670DBF87BFF9A9133F957204312CC" box="[573,638,1702,1726]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">Russia</collectingCountry>
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; late Turolian,
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<collectionCode id="ED50A88EF87BFF9A938DF930229312AA" box="[131,174,1729,1752]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">MN</collectionCode>
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13
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B63C0F87BFF9A938AF8E3279911FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9A938AF8E323281358" blockId="4.[130,777,1810,2028]" box="[132,277,1810,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9A938AF8C0279911FF" blockId="4.[130,777,1810,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[810,1457,789,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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The vertebra is large and robust with a centrum length of
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<quantity id="4CB99DAEF87BFF9A9388F8A322EA131E" box="[134,215,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
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and width of
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<quantity id="4CB99DAEF87BFF9A926DF8A3238A131E" box="[355,439,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
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.The CL/NAW (centrum length/ width of interzygapophyseal constriction) ratio is 0.95. The constriction between the pre- and postzygapophyses is weakly developed. From the ventral view, the subcentral ridges are well developed and relatively straight. The subcentral grooves are deep. The hypapophysis is very long and laterally compressed. It is directed ventrally and slightly posteriorly, with its posterior tip being obtuse and protruding posteriorly to the level of the condyle. The neural spine is relatively long and low, and incomplete in its mid length. The neural arch is markedly vaulted. The synapophyses are broken, but the left parapophyseal process is partly preserved and projected anteriorly and slightly ventrally. The zygosphenal roof is concave in dorsal view, presenting a small prominence in the middle of its width that can be considered as minute median lobe. In anterior view, the zygosphenal roof is straight. The prezygapophyseal articular facets are nearly circular.The prezygapophyseal process is missing on the left side, but completely present on the right side where it is well developed and relatively long (about half as long as the prezygapophyseal articular facet). It is obtuse distally. The postzygapophyseal articular facets are nearly rounded. The cotyle is slightly dorsoventrally compressed whereas the condyle is circular. The subcentral, lateral, and paracotylar foramina are clearly visible. The lateral and paracotylar foramina are situated in deep and wide depressions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B63C0F87BFF9B9023FA42208513F9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="686" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9A9023FA42266A11B9" blockId="4.[811,1457,1459,2027]" box="[813,1111,1459,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">COMPARISON AND REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87BFF9B9023FA2220AF15A2" blockId="4.[811,1457,1459,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[130,777,215,1932]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="686" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">
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The presence of hypapophysis is a typical distinctive feature for snakes of the families
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A9739FA022697127F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[1079,1194,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Natricidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A97BCFA022720127F" box="[1202,1309,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A965AFA0221E0125F" authority="(Szyndlar 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Szyndlar" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Elapidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87BFF9A903BF9E321EF125F" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[821,978,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" pagination="237 - 266" refId="ref5393" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1991. - A review of Neogene and Quaternary snakes of Central and Eastern Europe. Part II: Natricinae, Elapidae, Viperidae. Estudios Geologicos 47: 237 - 266." type="journal article" year="1991">Szyndlar 1991</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Thus, the vertebra GIN 1145/305 can be assigned to one of these groups. The large size, robustness, and inclination of hypapophysis (directed ventrally rather than postero-ventrally) preclude the attribution of GIN 1145/305 to
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A9045F96321FF12DE" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[843,962,1682,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Natricidae</taxonomicName>
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. The shape and inclination of hypapophysis in GIN 1145/305 correspond to that of the vertebrae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A9021F92321A7129E" box="[815,922,1746,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperidae</taxonomicName>
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, however the vertebrae of the latter group have a dorso-ventrally depressed neural arch and larger cotyle and condyle. The laterally compressed hypapophysis and the very low neural spine observed in GIN 1145/305 are characteristic of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A9049F8A0219E1319" baseAuthorityName="Szyndlar" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[839,931,1873,1899]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elapidae</taxonomicName>
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and “
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A90E9F8A326261319" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[999,1051,1874,1899]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87BFF9A90E9F8A326261319" box="[999,1051,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">Naja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group” (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87BFF9A9775F8A0272B131E" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[1147,1302,1873,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" pagination="237 - 266" refId="ref5393" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1991. - A review of Neogene and Quaternary snakes of Central and Eastern Europe. Part II: Natricinae, Elapidae, Viperidae. Estudios Geologicos 47: 237 - 266." type="journal article" year="1991">Szyndlar 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). Elapid fossil finds often offer, well preserved cranial elements, which are useful keys for determining the fossil species. Accordingly, isolated elapid vertebrae are not very informative.
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A9625F843279013B9" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1323,1453,1970,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87BFF9A9625F843279013B9" box="[1323,1453,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">Naja romani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently the only recognized species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87BFF9A97D3F823272D1399" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1245,1296,2002,2027]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="685" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87BFF9A97D3F823272D1399" box="[1245,1296,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="685">Naja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Central and Eastern Europe (a possible alternative opinion was announced by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B93ABFF0623451563" author="QUADROS A. B. & MAHLOW K. & JALIL N. E. & ZAHER H." box="[165,376,247,273]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="207" refId="ref5070" refString="QUADROS A. B., MAHLOW K., JALIL N. E. & ZAHER H. 2019. - Phylogenetic Affinities of the Fossil Elapids Naja romani and Naja antiqua (Serpentes: Elapidae). Journal of Morphology 280: 207. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21003" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Quadros
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9206FF0923061563" box="[264,315,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The material herein can be assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B93ACFEE9232D1543" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[162,272,280,305]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B93ACFEE9232D1543" box="[162,272,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on long prezygapophyseal processes and presence of the concave zygosphene with minute median lobe. The vertebra likely comes from the anterior precloacal region of the vertebral column based upon the relatively vaulted neural arch and the morphology of the hypapophysis, which is directed rather ventrally than postero-ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87AFF9B9395FE272059175D" blockId="5.[130,777,215,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">
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The precloacal vertebrae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B92A3FE26202B1582" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[429,534,471,496]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B92A3FE26202B1582" box="[429,534,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
are well described from Kohfidisch, Petersbuch 2 and Vieux-Collonges. In contrast to the precloacal vertebrae of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B9292FDE620351642" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[412,520,535,560]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9292FDE620351642" box="[412,520,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Kohfidisch (originally described as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B924BFDC6213A1623" authority="Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985" authorityName="Bachmayer & Szyndlar" authorityYear="1985" box="[325,775,566,593]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austriaca">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B924BFDC623F81622" box="[325,453,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. austriaca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B92C5FDC7213A1623" author="BACHMAYER F. & SZYNDLAR Z." box="[459,775,566,593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="79 - 100" refId="ref4239" refString="BACHMAYER F. & SZYNDLAR Z. 1985. - Ophidians (Reptilia: Serpentes) from the Kohfidisch fissures of Burgenland, Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien A 87: 79 - 100. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41701718" type="journal article" year="1985">Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and synonymized with
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B928CFDA623CC1602" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[386,497,599,624]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B928CFDA623CC1602" box="[386,497,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
by Szyndlar & Zerova in 1990), in the vertebra from Solnechnodolsk the neural arch is vaulted and the hypapophysis is narrower and more ventrally directed. The vertebra from Solnechnodolsk is more similar to the vertebra of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B9244FD272384169D" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[330,441,726,751]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9244FD272384169D" box="[330,441,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
described as cervical (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B91A4FD2422811762" author="SZYNDLAR Z." pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="447 - 465" refId="ref5348" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1985. - Ophidian fauna (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the uppermost Miocene of Algora (Spain). Estudios Geologicos 41: 447 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / egeol. 85415 - 6725" type="journal article" year="1985">Szyndlar 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 5.9) in direction of the hypapophysis, but the latter one is widely rounded distally in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87AFF9B9395FCC42392123F" blockId="5.[130,777,215,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">
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The material attributed to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B92CAFCC72008173D" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[452,565,822,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B92CAFCC72008173D" box="[452,565,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
from Petersbuch 2 presents several precloacal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B912DFCA4228017FD" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & SCHLEICH H. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref5590" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & SCHLEICH H. H. 1993. - Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian faunas of southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde (Serie B) 192: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1993">Szyndlar & Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Among them, the vertebra from Solnechnodolsk is most similar to those described as anterior cervical vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B9383FC4423A317BD" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & SCHLEICH H. H." box="[141,414,949,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref5590" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & SCHLEICH H. H. 1993. - Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian faunas of southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde (Serie B) 192: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1993">Szyndlar & Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 7C-D) in presenting a slender hypapophysis. However, the vertebra from Solnechnodolsk differs from the anterior cervical from Petersbuch
|
|
<quantity id="4CB99DAEF87AFF9B919DFC042080107C" box="[659,701,1012,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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|
retaining a more anteriorly directed parapophyseal process. The vertebra from Solnechnodolsk is also similar to the anterior precloacal vertebra of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B9263FBA4202E101C" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[365,531,1108,1134]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
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|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9263FBA4239C101C" box="[365,417,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Naja</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B92C6FBA4202E101C" box="[456,531,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">romani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Vieux-Collonges (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B9383FB84232D10FC" author="IVANOV M." box="[141,272,1140,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="559 - 588" refId="ref4875" refString="IVANOV M. 2000. - Snakes of the lower / middle Miocene transition at Vieux Collonges (Rhone, France), with comments on the colonisation of western Europe by colubroids. Geodiversitas 22 (4): 559 - 588." type="journal article" year="2000">Ivanov 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
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: fig. 12A-D). However, the vertebra from Solnechnodolsk clearly differs from all known precloacal vertebrae of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B93ACFB44231510BC" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[162,296,1205,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B93ACFB44231510BC" box="[162,296,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Naja romani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having less developed interzygapophyseal constriction. The only exception is the vertebra with poorly developed interzygapophyseal constriction from Kohfidisch figured by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B93F5FAE223A0115C" author="TEMPFER P. M." box="[251,413,1299,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="145 - 253" refId="ref5738" refString="TEMPFER P. M. 2005. - The herpetofauna (Amphibia: Caudata, Anura; Reptilia: Scleroglossa) of the Upper Miocene locality Kohfidisch, Burgenland, Austria. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 29: 145 - 253." type="journal article" year="2005">Tempfer (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
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: pl. 10a-d). In having the poorly developed interzygapophyseal constriction the vertebra from Solnechnodolsk is more reminiscent of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B9132FAA5204D111F" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[572,624,1364,1389]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9132FAA5204D111F" box="[572,624,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Naja</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the late Pliocene of Tourkobounia 1 (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F35670DBF87AFF9B92DDFA82201911FF" box="[467,548,1395,1421]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B913CFA82228111DF" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & ZEROVA G." pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref5637" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & ZEROVA G. 1990. - Neogene cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae) of East Europe. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 91 A: 53 - 61. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41701893" type="journal article" year="1990">Szyndlar & Zerova 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Among the other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B92FAFA65201511DF" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[500,552,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B92FAFA65201511DF" box="[500,552,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Naja</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, precloacal vertebrae were described for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B925DFA45204E11BF" authority="(Szyndlar 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Szyndlar" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[339,627,1459,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iberica">
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|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B925DFA45238611BF" box="[339,443,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. iberica</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B92C5FA42205511BC" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[459,616,1459,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="447 - 465" refId="ref5348" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1985. - Ophidian fauna (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the uppermost Miocene of Algora (Spain). Estudios Geologicos 41: 447 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / egeol. 85415 - 6725" type="journal article" year="1985">Szyndlar 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The vertebra from Solnechnodolsk differs from anterior precloacal vertebrae of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B93ACFA022336127F" baseAuthorityName="Szyndlar" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[162,267,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B93ACFA022336127F" box="[162,267,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. iberica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having a distally pointed hypapophysis and from posterior precloacal vertebrae in having a more obtuse prezygapophyseal processes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFE304BF87AFF9B9395F9A2208513F9" blockId="5.[130,777,215,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">
|
|
It is worth noting that intracolumnar variation of some precloacal vertebrae of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B927FF98223C912FE" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[369,500,1651,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B927FF98223C912FE" box="[369,500,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Naja romani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was mentioned by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B91B5F983236012DF" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & ZEROVA G." pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref5637" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & ZEROVA G. 1990. - Neogene cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae) of East Europe. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 91 A: 53 - 61. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41701893" type="journal article" year="1990">Szyndlar & Zerova (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04DBAF87AFF9B929FF963200212DF" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[401,575,1682,1709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" pagination="31 - 52" refId="ref5462" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 2005. - Snake fauna from the Late Miocene of Rudabanya. Palaentographia Italica 90: 31 - 52." type="journal article" year="2005">Szyndlar (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. There is no doubt that intracolumnar variation is also present in the anterior precloacal region, though it is not described due to the scarcity of the material. Until new material from different vertebral regions are discovered for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B9297F8E3203B1359" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[409,518,1810,1835]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9297F8E3203B1359" box="[409,518,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">N. romani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we consider the abovementioned variations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C414BC8F87AFF9B9281F8C323FE1339" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[399,451,1842,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="686" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B935EC59F87AFF9B9281F8C323FE1339" box="[399,451,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="686">Naja</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Solnechnodolsk (poorly developed interzygapophyseal constriction and morphology of the hypapophysis) to be intracolumnar variations.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |