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<mods:title id="6F15DA0FDA45DA18D64C389DCF391C78">Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFD2FFE26242F459FB4548AC" blockId="47.[832,1434,1642,1731]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFD2FFE26242F459FB4548AC" ID-CoL="BDF2B" authority="Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert, 2017" authorityName="Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFD2FFE26242F459FB4548AC" bold="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFD2FFE26242F459FBE6488C" bold="true" box="[832,1067,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">Thinophilus spinatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFD2FFE26534F458FB4548AC" author="Samoh A &amp; Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref36685" refString="Samoh A, Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P (2017) Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy, 329: 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.329." type="journal article" year="2017">Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFD2FFE2653EF498FB5148CC" blockId="47.[832,1434,1642,1731]" box="[1084,1180,1707,1731]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">(Fig. 50)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFD2FFE2622FF4D9FC114913" blockId="47.[813,1451,1769,1820]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF109CFFD2FFE2622FF4D9FA6648F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3848133" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:14EBE5D8-334A-4838-9510-8EBB664BC0BD" author="Samoh A &amp; Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P" box="[813,1451,1769,1792]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/236BEC56FFBEFFEBFDCFFD1CFE21ABA4" page="25" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" year="2017">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFD2FFE2622FF4D9FA6648F0" ID-CoL="BDF2B" authority="Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert, 2017: 25" authorityName="Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="2017" box="[813,1451,1769,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFD2FFE2622FF4D9FBCC48F0" box="[813,1025,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">Thinophilus spinatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFD2FFE26509F4D9FA6648F0" author="Samoh A &amp; Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P" box="[1035,1451,1769,1792]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref36685" refString="Samoh A, Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P (2017) Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy, 329: 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.329." type="journal article" year="2017">Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert, 2017: 25</bibRefCitation>
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(Figs. 2530).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3546506FFD2FFE2622FF577FA984993" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFD2FFE2622FF577FA984993" blockId="47.[813,1451,1860,1949]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFD2FFE2622FF577FBDB4953" bold="true" box="[813,1046,1860,1884]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B263CD0FFD2FFE26522F576FA9D4993" collectingDate="2014-05-21" collectorName="J. Puniamoorthy &amp; Lee Kong Chian Natural History &amp; Singapore" country="Singapore" location="SINGAPORE" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFD2FFE26522F576FB734952" box="[1056,1214,1861,1885]" name="Singapore" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D48FD04FFD2FFE265CEF576FAFF4953" box="[1228,1330,1860,1885]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Sarimbun (SR3), mangrove,
<date id="FFF0104DFFD2FFE262F6F556FB494972" box="[1012,1156,1893,1917]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" value="2014-05-21">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9A5FFD2FFE262F6F556FB494972" box="[1012,1156,1893,1917]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" value="2014-05-21">21 May 2014</collectingDate>
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(leg.
<collectorName id="26BB535BFFD2FFE265C7F556FAB54973" box="[1221,1400,1892,1916]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">J. Puniamoorthy</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BB535BFFD2FFE26481F556FBAE4993" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">Lee Kong Chian Natural History</collectorName>
Museum,
<collectorName id="26BB535BFFD2FFE265DAF5B7FA844993" box="[1240,1353,1924,1948]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">Singapore</collectorName>
)
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3546506FFD2FFFD622FF5F7FB0A4B3D" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFD2FFE2622FF5F7FA664633" blockId="47.[811,1451,1988,2108]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFD2FFE2622FF5F7FC5349D3" bold="true" box="[813,926,1988,2012]" pageId="47" pageNumber="460">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A medium-sized (
<quantity id="4CB69B68FFD2FFE2655FF5F6FB7D49D2" box="[1117,1200,1989,2013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="47" pageNumber="460" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
), slender-legged species with yellow legs, but fore coxa black except for apical third. The femora are spindle-shaped and the fore femur in male as well as in female bear long, brown spine-like ventral bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFCDFFFD6334F247FBDE4E83" blockId="48.[566,1043,116,140]" box="[566,1043,116,140]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD6334F247FC184E84" box="[566,981,116,140]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY</emphasis>
2018
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFCDFFFD618AF729FB0A4B3D" blockId="48.[136,1223,1306,1331]" box="[136,1223,1306,1331]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
Fig. 50.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD61E4F729FC954B3C" authority="Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert, 2017" authorityName="Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2017" box="[230,856,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD61E4F729FE0A4B3D" box="[230,455,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Thinophilus spinatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFCDFFFD60CCF729FC954B3C" author="Samoh A &amp; Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P" box="[462,856,1306,1331]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref36685" refString="Samoh A, Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P (2017) Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy, 329: 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.329." type="journal article" year="2017">Samoh, Satasook &amp; Grootaert, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male habitus (Photo: A. Samoh).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFCDFFFD618AF75AFCC54BAE" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFCDFFFD618AF75AFCC54BAE" blockId="48.[136,776,1385,1441]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD618AF75AFEC74B8E" bold="true" box="[136,266,1385,1409]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the ventral bristles on the fore femur that are present in both male and female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFCDFFFD618AF7FAFABA4BAE" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFCDFFFD618AF7FAFD96486E" blockId="48.[135,775,1481,1633]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD618AF7FAFF3A4BEE" bold="true" box="[136,247,1481,1505]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Remarks.</emphasis>
There are two slender-legged species in Southeast Asia with brown spine-like bristles on the fore leg:
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD618AF43AFDF7482E" authority="Samoh et al., 2017" authorityName="Samoh" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,570,1545,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD618AF43AFEA5482E" box="[136,360,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Thinophilus spinatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFCDFFFD6072F43AFDF7482E" author="Samoh A &amp; Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P" box="[368,570,1545,1569]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref36685" refString="Samoh A, Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P (2017) Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy, 329: 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.329." type="journal article" year="2017">Samoh et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD6373F439FE94484E" authority="Samoh et al., 2017" authorityName="Samoh" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatoides">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD6373F439FCCA482E" box="[625,775,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFCDFFFD618AF41AFE94484E" author="Samoh A &amp; Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P" box="[136,345,1577,1601]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref36685" refString="Samoh A, Satasook C &amp; Grootaert P (2017) Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy, 329: 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.329." type="journal article" year="2017">Samoh et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. How to distinguish them can be found in the key and in the following comments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFCDFFFD618AF4BAFABA4BAE" blockId="48.[135,776,1673,2113]" lastBlockId="48.[837,1474,1385,1442]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD618AF4BAFE4B48AE" box="[136,390,1673,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatoides">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD618AF4BAFE4B48AE" box="[136,390,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Thinophilus spinatoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is particular in that the basal quarter of the fore femur is much spindle-shaped dilated. It is less dilated in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD61F8F4F9FEB948EE" box="[250,372,1738,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD61F8F4F9FEB948EE" box="[250,372,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fore tibia is much longer than the fore femur; it is shorter in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD60D7F4D9FD84490E" box="[469,585,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD60D7F4D9FD84490E" box="[469,585,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fore tibia is slender and without anterodorsal bristles in the male, but present in the female; the fore tibia is stouter and with 2 long anterodorsals in
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD607BF579FE34496E" box="[377,505,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD607BF579FE39496E" box="[377,500,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">T. spinatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The fore tarsomere 3 is contrastingly yellowish white, while tarsomeres 4 and 5 are broadened and black. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD608FF5B9FDCF49AE" box="[397,514,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD608FF5B9FDCF49AE" box="[397,514,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the fore tarsomere 3 has the same pale yellowish colour as tarsomeres 1 and 2 and tarsomeres 4 and 5 are black but not broadened. Only the base of the fore coxa is brown in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD6302F5D9FD55460E" box="[512,664,2025,2049]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatoides">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD6302F5D9FD55460E" box="[512,664,2025,2049]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while the basal 2/3 of the fore coxa is brown in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD631AFA39FD40462E" box="[536,653,2058,2081]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD631AFA39FD40462E" box="[536,653,2058,2081]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lower postocular bristles are yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD60EEFA19FD4E464E" box="[492,643,2089,2113]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatoides">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD60EEFA19FD4E464E" box="[492,643,2089,2113]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while black in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD6263F759FC154B8E" box="[865,984,1386,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD6263F759FC154B8E" box="[865,984,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD650AF759FB524B8E" box="[1032,1183,1385,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatoides">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD650AF759FB524B8E" box="[1032,1183,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the anal vein is distinct in the basal 2/3 while not distinct at all in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFCDFFFD65F9F7B9FABD4BAE" box="[1275,1392,1418,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD65F9F7B9FABD4BAE" box="[1275,1392,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">T. spinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFCDFFFD6241F7FAFA0E4BEE" box="[835,1475,1481,1506]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFCDFFFD6241F7FAFA0E4BEE" blockId="48.[835,1475,1481,1506]" box="[835,1475,1481,1506]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFCDFFFD6241F7FAFC1E4BEE" bold="true" box="[835,979,1481,1505]" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southern
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFCDFFFD653CF7FAFB514BEE" box="[1086,1180,1481,1505]" name="Thailand" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Andaman Sea),
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFCDFFFD6452F7FAFA724BEE" box="[1360,1471,1481,1505]" name="Singapore" pageId="48" pageNumber="461">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>