259 lines
32 KiB
XML
259 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="601EEBD0BA5134CD7CD9D1F89CD233DF" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:stpabo]2.0.co;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13223833" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721342017626" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mihlbachler, Matthew C." docDate="2008" docId="03AC87FC15483F0CFF51FA4A3CD7FC05" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2008.B311.1-475.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 311 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:stpabo]2.0.co;2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.4:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dolichorhinus vallidens" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="FF95FF8414003E45FFE2FF81385CFFED" masterDocTitle="Species Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)" masterLastPageNumber="475" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="329" updateTime="1722871849176" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="49B5279E9CD7788B0C961544DDF38459">Species Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1896E1DCA28879E7396B85E0FE0B622">Mihlbachler, Matthew C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D419F0837CAF9023770EE2147E67DFF5">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E9C9FA22E2247E025CF32C21B3578517">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A9D54A91335B5F4A2688F0A7BD3780B8">2008-06-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3782545A12CFD2A4175AD771F06B78FC">311</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D6E32EE9F7D86416F56FE19CD59E210C" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:stpabo]2.0.co;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA90E812213DC49974169208E26DC738" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC87FC15483F0CFF51FA4A3CD7FC05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87FC15483F0CFF51FA4A3CD7FC05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87FC15483F0CFF51FA4A3CD7FC05" lastPageId="329" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115483F0DFF51FA4A3987F9A7" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFF51FA4A3A07FA0D" blockId="328.[179,603,1483,1506]" box="[179,603,1483,1506]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<heading id="D0F2818615483F0DFF51FA4A3A07FA0D" box="[179,603,1483,1506]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915483F0DFF51FA4A3A07FA0D" authority="(Cope, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[179,603,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallidens">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815483F0DFF51FA4A39E6FA0F" box="[179,442,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Dolichorhinus vallidens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15483F0DFE2EFA4A3A0FFA0D" author="Cope, E. D." box="[460,595,1483,1504]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" pagination="487 - 488" refId="ref238029" refString="Cope, E. D. 1872. Second notice of extinct vertebrates from Bitter Creek, Wyoming. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12: 487 - 488." type="journal article" year="1872">Cope, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFF7EFA793987F9A7" blockId="328.[128,654,1528,1759]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D3CB715483F0DFF7EFA793987F9A7" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" specimenCode="AMNH 5098" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615483F0DFF7EFA79397AF9E3" baselines="1546,1546" box="[156,294,1528,1552]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Lectotype" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<typeStatus id="54BE884815483F0DFF7EFA79397AF9E3" box="[156,294,1528,1552]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBA39E9115483F0DFED4FA7B398BF9E2" box="[310,471,1529,1551]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">AMNH 5098</specimenCode>
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, a partial mandible (in two pieces) with right c (partial), p2, dp4, m1–m3, and left p4–m3.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115483F0DFF7EF9D03BDDFD26" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFF7EF9D039DCF932" blockId="328.[128,654,1528,1759]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615483F0DFF7EF9D03880F98A" baselines="1635,1635" box="[156,220,1617,1641]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615483F0DFF1AF9D0392CF985" baselines="1635,1636" box="[248,368,1617,1641]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Locality" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
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: ‘‘Mammoth Buttes, Southwestern
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F80815483F0DFEC5F9F139C1F96B" box="[295,413,1648,1670]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
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, near headwaters of Bitter Creek’’;
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D3CB715483F0DFED5F90F39DCF932" collectorName="Washakie B" location="Adobe Town" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">
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<location id="8EDA603115483F0DFED5F90F398AF94E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87FC15483F0CFF51FA4A3CD7FC05:8EDA603115483F0DFED5F90F398AF94E" box="[311,470,1678,1700]" name="Adobe Town" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" stateProvince="Wyoming">Adobe Town</location>
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Member (
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<collectorName id="26F0533C15483F0DFDB8F90F38B9F92C" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Washakie B</collectorName>
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of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15483F0DFEF2F92D39E7F92C" author="Granger, W. D." box="[272,443,1708,1729]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref239285" refString="Granger, W. D. 1909. Faunal horizons of the Washakie formation of southern Wyoming. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 26: 13 - 23." type="journal article" year="1909">Granger, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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) of the Washakie Formation,
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F80815483F0DFEECF94839DCF932" box="[270,384,1737,1759]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFD38FD173BDDFD26" blockId="328.[701,1228,662,776]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615483F0DFD38FD173B4CFD40" baselines="680,681" box="[730,784,662,686]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Age" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">AGE</smallCapsWord>
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: Middle Eocene (early Uintan land mammal ‘‘age’’).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115483F0CFD38FD533A02FD69" lastPageId="329" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFD38FD533C43FCE5" blockId="328.[701,1228,662,776]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615483F0DFD38FD533BF8FD04" baselines="740,741" box="[730,932,722,746]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Determination" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">DETERMINATION</smallCapsWord>
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: Nomen dubium:
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<typeStatus id="54BE884815483F0DFB6CFD553AB3FCE5" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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lacks diagnostic features.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFD5FFCB73B08FCA7" blockId="328.[701,852,822,843]" box="[701,852,822,843]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615483F0DFD5FFCB73B08FCA7" baselines="838,838" box="[701,852,822,843]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0DFD39FCE83B52F9C6" blockId="328.[701,1228,873,1759]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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AMNH 5098 includes a pair of right and left mandible fragments that are most similar in size to
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915483F0DFCD7FC253C01FC56" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[821,1117,932,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyognathus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815483F0DFCD7FC253C01FC56" box="[821,1117,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Dolichorhinus hyognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915483F0DFB8DFC253B29FC35" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Sphenocoelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815483F0DFB8DFC253B29FC35" italics="true" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Sphenocoelus uintensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915483F0DFC2EFC433C97FC34" box="[972,1227,962,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815483F0DFC2EFC433C97FC34" box="[972,1227,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Telmatherium validus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 164). Dental dimensions are as follows: p2L 5 20.6, p2
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<geoCoordinate id="EE31502D15483F0DFC91FC7F3BB0FBFE" box="[883,1004,1021,1044]" degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="12.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" precision="92" value="-5.2">W 5 12.0</geoCoordinate>
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, p4L 5 22.8, p4
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<geoCoordinate id="EE31502D15483F0DFB52FC7F3B4EFBDF" degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="16.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" precision="92" value="-5.27">W 5 16.2</geoCoordinate>
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, m1L 5 30.9, m1
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<geoCoordinate id="EE31502D15483F0DFC05FB9D3C38FBDC" box="[999,1124,1050,1073]" degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="19.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" precision="92" value="-5.33">W 5 19.8</geoCoordinate>
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, m2L 5 35.6, m2
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<geoCoordinate id="EE31502D15483F0DFCC4FBBB3BFBFBA2" box="[806,935,1080,1103]" degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="22.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" precision="92" value="-5.37">W 5 22.2</geoCoordinate>
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, m3L 5 57.6, m3
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<geoCoordinate id="EE31502D15483F0DFB69FBBB3AADFB80" degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="23.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" precision="92" value="-5.3933334">W 5 23.6</geoCoordinate>
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, p2–p4 5 64.6, m1–m3 5 122.45, p2–m3 5 188.0. The ramal fragments are dorsoventrally shallow, and the right ramus appears to be unusually short in comparison to
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915483F0DFB73FB313BE0FB09" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyognathus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815483F0DFB73FB313BE0FB09" italics="true" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">Dolichorhinus hyognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mandibles. However, the canine root has been plastered onto the specimen in an artificially posterior position. The erect orientation of the canine is artificial also. The crown of the canine is not preserved, but the diameter of the root indicates a canine of typical size. No bone anterior to the p1 alveolus is preserved. The p2 crown is held onto the ramus by plaster, however, remnants of in situ p2 roots are visible on the dorsolabial surface of the ramus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15483F0CFD39F9B53A02FD69" blockId="328.[701,1228,873,1759]" lastBlockId="329.[93,620,213,644]" lastPageId="329" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="328" pageNumber="329">
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A short diastema (,
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<quantity id="4CFD9B0F15483F0DFC2DF9B53C49F9A4" box="[975,1045,1588,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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) exists between the p1 alveolus and the p2 roots, although it has been incorrectly represented in previous figures.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15483F0DFCFFF90C3B9CF94F" author="Cope, E. D." box="[797,960,1677,1698]" pageId="328" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 1009" refId="ref238173" refString="Cope, E. D. 1884. The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West. Book 1. In F. V. Hayden (editor), Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories: 1 - 1009. Washington, DC." type="book chapter" year="1884">Cope’s (1884)</bibRefCitation>
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figure of a left ramus (pl. 53, fig. 1) that was reprinted in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15483F0DFB96F92A3B52F933" author="Osborn, H. F." pageId="328" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 894" refId="ref243619" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1929 a. Titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. United States Geological Survey Monographs 55: 1 - 894." type="journal article" year="1929">Osborn (1929a</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 95: A2) is a composite drawing of the left ramal fragment and the mirror image of the anterior part of the right ramal fragment. In this figure, a hypothetical outline of the missing p1 is drawn right next to the p2 with no diastema between them. However, this drawing is inaccurate. The right ramus of the specimen clearly has a short diastema between p1 and p2. Another figure in Cope (1885: pl. 52, fig. 3; reprinted in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFF6AFE5D3960FE1C" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[136,316,476,498]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="1 - 894" refId="ref243619" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1929 a. Titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. United States Geological Survey Monographs 55: 1 - 894." type="journal article" year="1929">Osborn 1929a</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 95: A1) correctly illustrates the p1–p2 diastema with the root of the p1 positioned several mm anterior to the p2. Other aspects of the mandible and lower dentition of AMNH 5098 are typical of other hornless middle Eocene brontotheres.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF7A666215493F0CFD53FD9A3B19FD93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13224160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224160/files/figure.png" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" startId="329.[689,727,539,558]" targetBox="[675,1184,210,509]" targetPageId="329" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15493F0CFD53FD9A3B19FD93" blockId="329.[667,1193,539,638]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">
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||
Fig. 165. The holotype mandible of
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFBB5FD9A3B0AFDA5" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primitivus">
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFBB5FD9A3B0AFDA5" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Duchesneodus primitivus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(NMC 6421).
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFBECFDB43C6CFDA5" bold="true" box="[1038,1072,565,584]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">(A)</emphasis>
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A partial dorsal view,
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFCA4FDD13B35FD8E" bold="true" box="[838,873,592,611]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">(B)</emphasis>
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left view. Figures from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFD79FDEA3B1DFD93" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[667,833,619,638]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="1 - 894" refId="ref243619" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1929 a. Titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. United States Geological Survey Monographs 55: 1 - 894." type="journal article" year="1929">Osborn (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F656115493F0CFFBFFD333CD7FC05" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15493F0CFFBFFD333893FD2B" blockId="329.[93,207,690,711]" box="[93,207,690,711]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615493F0CFFBFFD333893FD2B" baselines="706,706" box="[93,207,690,711]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15493F0CFF98FD643A19FAE7" blockId="329.[93,620,741,1759]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFF98FD643955FD17" author="Cope, E. D." box="[122,265,741,762]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="487 - 488" refId="ref238029" refString="Cope, E. D. 1872. Second notice of extinct vertebrates from Bitter Creek, Wyoming. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12: 487 - 488." type="journal article" year="1872">Cope (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally referred this species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFF16FC8339DCFCF4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1870" box="[244,384,770,793]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFF16FC8339DCFCF4" box="[244,384,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He described
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03FD6315493F0CFDD3FC82388EFCDB" count="3" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from three individuals, AMNH 5097 (portions of an upper dentition), AMNH 5099 (more upper dental elements), and AMNH 5098 (right and left partial mandibular rami), but did not designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFFBFFC33389BFC25" box="[93,199,946,968]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, Cope later stated that the ‘‘lower jaws may be regarded as typical of the species’’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFF2DFC6C39C6FBEF" author="Cope, E. D." box="[207,410,1005,1026]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="1 - 1009" refId="ref238173" refString="Cope, E. D. 1884. The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West. Book 1. In F. V. Hayden (editor), Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories: 1 - 1009. Washington, DC." type="book chapter" year="1884">Cope, 1884: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFE53FC6C3A37FBEF" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[433,619,1005,1027]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="1 - 894" refId="ref243619" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1929 a. Titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. United States Geological Survey Monographs 55: 1 - 894." type="journal article" year="1929">Osborn (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded from this statement that Cope intended the mandible (AMNH 5098) to be the type, and therefore designated it as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFFBFFBE33896FB95" box="[93,202,1122,1144]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. While the right ramus retains a dp4, the left ramus has a fully erupted and slightly worn p4. However, the degree of wear on the molars of these two jaw fragments is identical, so it remains probable that these pieces are from one individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15493F0CFF98FA933CD7FC05" blockId="329.[93,620,741,1759]" lastBlockId="329.[667,1193,680,1000]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFF53FA933946FAC5" box="[177,282,1298,1320]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was reassigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFFBFFAAE38A0FAAB" baseAuthorityName="Qi" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[93,252,1327,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFFBFFAAE38A0FAAB" box="[93,252,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Telmatherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Osborn (1895) and then to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFFBFFACC38ADFA8F" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" box="[93,241,1357,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFFBFFACC38ADFA8F" box="[93,241,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Manteoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFEDAFACC39A4FA8E" author="Hatcher, J. B." box="[312,504,1357,1379]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="1084 - 1090" refId="ref239564" refString="Hatcher, J. B. 1895. On a new species of Diplacodon, with a discussion of the relations of that genus to Telmatotherium. American Naturalist 29: 1084 - 1090." type="journal article" year="1895">Hatcher (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFFBFFAEB3940FA92" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[93,284,1386,1408]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="1 - 894" refId="ref243619" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1929 a. Titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. United States Geological Survey Monographs 55: 1 - 894." type="journal article" year="1929">Osborn (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questionably referred this species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFE84FA063A58FA73" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" box="[358,516,1415,1438]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFE84FA063A58FA73" box="[358,516,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Dolichorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but he continued to recognize it as a valid species due to the artificially shortened
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFE2EFA433A69FA35" box="[460,565,1474,1496]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
jaw. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFF70FA5E38A7FA18" box="[146,251,1503,1525]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFEC3FA5F3A7BFA18" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[289,551,1502,1525]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFEC3FA5F3A7BFA18" box="[289,551,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Dolichorhinus vallidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a distinct p1–p2 diastema, by which it can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFEA4F9983A16F9C2" box="[326,586,1561,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Sphenocoelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFEA4F9983A16F9C2" box="[326,586,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Sphenocoelus uintensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a brontothere of similar size and dental morphology. The dimensions of the teeth that are preserved with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFEA9F9F039E8F96A" box="[331,436,1649,1671]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
fall above the size ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFED7F90F3A3FF948" baseAuthorityName="Earle" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[309,611,1678,1701]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Mesatirhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megarhinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFED7F90F3A3FF948" box="[309,611,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Mesatirhinus megarhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFFBFF92A390DF92F" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1908" box="[93,337,1707,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metarhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFFBFF92A390DF92F" box="[93,337,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Metarhinus fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFE7AF92C3A48F92F" box="[408,532,1707,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metarhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abbotti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFE7AF92C3A48F92F" box="[408,532,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">M. abbotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFDC6F92C3907F932" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFDC6F92C3907F932" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Metatelmatherium ultimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFE7CF9493A8CFD52" box="[414,720,680,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFE7CF9493A8CFD52" box="[414,720,680,1759]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Telmatherium validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are two other taxa that have short p1– p2 diastemata. The dental dimensions of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFD79FD653B58FD17" box="[667,772,740,762]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFCCCFD653BE9FD17" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[814,949,739,762]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFCCCFD653BE9FD17" box="[814,949,739,762]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">D. vallidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall below the lower size limit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFCB2FC833BB8FCF5" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[848,996,769,792]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFCB2FC833BB8FCF5" box="[848,996,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">M. ultimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the fragmentary
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE884815493F0CFCA3FC9E3BF6FCD8" box="[833,938,799,821]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (AMNH 5098) is morphologically consistent with, and falls within the dental dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFD79FCF93BF9FC62" box="[667,933,888,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFD79FCF93BF9FC62" box="[667,933,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Telmatherium validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFBE9FCF93B47FC40" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFBE9FCF93B47FC40" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Dolichorhinus hyognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15493F0CFCCFFC173B93FC46" author="Mader, B. J." box="[813,975,918,940]" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" pagination="458 - 484" refId="ref241671" refString="Mader, B. J. 1989. The Brontotheriidae: a systematic revision and preliminary phylogeny of North American genera. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (editors), The evolution of Perissodactyls: 458 - 484. New York: Oxford University Press." type="book chapter" year="1989">Mader (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came to a similar conclusion. Therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915493F0CFC43FC323A85FC0A" authority="Cope" authorityName="Cope" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Dolichorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815493F0CFC43FC323CF5FC27" box="[929,1193,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="329" pageNumber="330">Dolichorhinus vallidens</emphasis>
|
||
Cope
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is best considered a nomen dubium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |