862 lines
96 KiB
XML
862 lines
96 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="19E208DDDA09F1BC83C33837152B3DBF">
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<mods:title id="73E9015A3F6EED5525BD025EC2275AF4">The taxonomic status of Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone, 1987 " 1986 " (Anura: Bufonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BADB97355608451A4BE45E3C07D12B1C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="046AC87C3F7D7FAED6B4576AF267D077">Baldo, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BE69E72EBBA74D76CBAED48018303F2">Borteiro, Claudio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="72E958E3F2AC6EB8EB8B3727065ED7F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AE0BB670746040FB735908834903A1A4">Kolenc, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BBB1FC7B1AA9DA9215AAD31693773EAE">Rosset, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="622F9ABFA0C09D03294DA4DC610783D4">Prigioni, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0FBA8FDBF6A724423E626CFF38F8E141">Debat, Claudio Martínez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8CBAD637A421A1763484BC71883A4B47">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FD54656974642EE4EF106863E9539C8B">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="59CA62EA58EB334D6F7232F221EA2083" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4A299C556F9C289AD4C3F1598CEE8021">3235</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AC87B6FFD2716DFF6C31054E43AB78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681290" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87B6FFD2716DFF6C31054E43AB78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87B6FFD2716DFF6C31054E43AB78" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C31F652BFFD2716FFF6C31054DD3AA18" box="[151,684,1813,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD2716FFF6C31054DD3AA18" blockId="9.[151,684,1813,1839]" box="[151,684,1813,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D0F281CCFFD2716FFF6C31054DD3AA18" bold="true" box="[151,684,1813,1839]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD2716FFF6C31054DD3AA18" bold="true" box="[151,684,1813,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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Synonymy of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD2716FFEC131064DD3AA18" ID-CoL="3Z9LY" box="[314,684,1814,1839]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD2716FFEC131064DD3AA18" bold="true" box="[314,684,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F652BFFD2716CFF6C314E4C4EA960" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD2716FFF6C314E4CB2AAD5" blockId="9.[151,1436,1886,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD2716FFF6C314E4EE6AA41" box="[151,409,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD2716FFF6C314E4EE9AA41" ID-CoL="J8ZX" box="[151,406,1886,1910]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">Atelopus pachyrhynus</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD2716FFE4E314E4DB6AA41" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[437,713,1886,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de (1920) Os Brachycephalideos do Museu Paulista. Revista do Museu Paulista, 12, 307 - 313." type="journal article" year="1920">Miranda-Ribeiro (1920)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="54BE8802FFD2716FFD2C314F4C70AA40" box="[727,783,1887,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: "São Lourenço, S. Paulo",
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<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD2716FFB43314E4A7FAA41" box="[1208,1280,1886,1910]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
. Corrected to "São Lourenço no Rio Grande do Sul",
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<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD2716FFD7831924DB5AAAD" box="[643,714,1922,1946]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD2716FFD0C31924CBBAAAD" author="Bokermann" box="[759,964,1922,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Bokermann, W. C. A. (1966) Lista anotada das localidades tipo de anfibios brasileiros. Servico de Documentacao, Reitoria da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 183 pp." type="book" year="1966">Bokermann, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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. Given as "
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<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD2716FFBBB31924BF5AAAD" box="[1088,1162,1922,1946]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Rio Grande do Sul, São Lourenço do Sul (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE315067FFD2716FFE6F31B64E99AA89" box="[404,486,1958,1982]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="-31.366667">31 22S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE315067FFD2716FFE0931B64D2FAA89" box="[498,592,1958,1982]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="-51.983334">51 59W</geoCoordinate>
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)" by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD2716FFD7031B64CACAA89" author="Caramaschi" box="[651,979,1958,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2002) Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 60, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="2002">Caramaschi and Cruz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54BE8802FFD2716FFC2531B64B3AAA89" box="[990,1093,1958,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
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||
<specimenCount id="9D03FD29FFD2716FFBAF31B64B9AAA89" box="[1108,1253,1958,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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): MZUSP 0752; MZUSP 0 756, designated
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||
<typeStatus id="54BE8802FFD2716FFE0931DA4D26AAD5" box="[498,601,1994,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD2716FFD7931DA4CB7AAD5" author="Caramaschi" box="[642,968,1994,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2002) Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 60, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="2002">Caramaschi and Cruz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C36884CA2AD98" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,989,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C36884EF5AD87" box="[151,394,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhinus">
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C36884EF5AD87" box="[151,394,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Atelopus pachyrhinus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(unjustified emendation).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD3F36874CA7AD98" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[708,984,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de (1926) Notas para servirem ao estudo dos Gymnobatrachios brasileiros. Tomo I. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 27, 1 - 227." type="journal article" year="1926">Miranda-Ribeiro (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C36AC4C8DADE3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1010,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C36AC4EA1ADE3" box="[151,478,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C36AC4EA5ADE3" ID-CoL="6CKTW" box="[151,474,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Dendrophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">Dendrophryniscus tumifrons</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
—(
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDF936AD4D56ADE3" box="[514,553,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDCB36AC4D9AADE3" author="Boulenger" box="[560,741,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1905) Descriptions of new tailless batrachians in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 180 - 184." type="journal article" year="1905">Boulenger 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD0F36AC4C93ADE3" author="Muller" box="[756,1004,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Muller, L. (1934) Uber eine neue Rasse von Atelopus cruciger (Licht. u. Marts.) von Venezuela. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 108, 145 - 155." type="journal article" year="1934">
|
||
Müller (1934,
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC6D36AD4C9EADE3" box="[918,993,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C36F04CEEADC0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,913,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C36F04E0DADCF" box="[151,370,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C36F04E11ADCF" ID-CoL="J934" box="[151,366,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">Atelopus tumifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—(
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE6D36F14EC2ADCF" box="[406,445,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE3F36CF4D03ADC0" author="Boulenger" box="[452,636,223,247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1905) Descriptions of new tailless batrachians in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 180 - 184." type="journal article" year="1905">Boulenger 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD7436CF4CF3ADC0" author="Vellard" box="[655,908,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Vellard, J. (1947) Un nuevo batracio del norte argentino. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 4, 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="1947">
|
||
Vellard (1947,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCCD36F14CFEADCF" box="[822,897,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C37144A55AC53" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C37144E9EAC2B" box="[151,481,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C37144EA2AC2B" ID-CoL="3Z9M9" box="[151,477,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">Melanophryniscus tumifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—(
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDFD37154D52AC2B" box="[518,557,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDCD37144D92AC2B" author="Boulenger" box="[566,749,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1905) Descriptions of new tailless batrachians in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 180 - 184." type="journal article" year="1905">Boulenger 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD0437144B6DAC2B" author="Gallardo" box="[767,1042,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Gallardo, J. M. (1961) La ubicacion sistematica y distribucion geografica de Brachycephalidae argentinos. In: Iª Reunion de Trabajo y Comunicaciones de Ciencias Naturales y Geografia del Litoral Argentino. Universidad Nacional de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, pp. 205 - 212." type="book chapter" year="1961">
|
||
Gallardo (1961,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC4737154B79AC2B" box="[956,1030,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBDA37144B84AC2B" author="Bokermann" box="[1057,1275,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Bokermann, W. C. A. (1966) Lista anotada das localidades tipo de anfibios brasileiros. Servico de Documentacao, Reitoria da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 183 pp." type="book" year="1966">Bokermann (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAF337144E7EAC08" author="Klappenbach" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Klappenbach, M. A. (1968) Notas herpetologicas IV. El genero Melanophryniscus (Amphibia, Salientia) en el Uruguay, con la descripcion de dos nuevas especies. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 9, 118, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1968">Klappenbach 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEEF37394E21AC77" box="[276,350,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE8337374DD3AC08" author="McDiarmid" box="[376,684,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. (1971) Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus & Oreophrynella. Bulletin of Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 12, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
McDiarmid (1971,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDAC37394DDEAC77" box="[599,673,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD4037384B4EAC08" author="Braun" box="[699,1073,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Braun, P. C. & Braun, C. A. S. (1980) Lista previa dos anfibios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia (Serie Zoologia), 56, 121 - 146." type="journal article" year="1980">
|
||
Braun and Braun (1980,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC2737394B58AC77" box="[988,1063,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBBB37384A54AC08" author="Frost" box="[1088,1323,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Frost, D. R. (1985) Amphibian species of the world: a taxonomic and geographical reference. Published as a Joint Venture of Allen Press, Inc. and The Association Systematics Collections Lawrence, Kansas, 732 pp." type="book" year="1985">
|
||
Frost (1985,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB2E37394A60AC77" box="[1237,1311,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAC137374E11AC53" author="Gallardo" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Gallardo, J. M. (1987) Anfibios Argentinos. Guia para su identificacion. Libreria Agropecauria, Biblioteca Mosaico, Buenos Aires, 98 pp." type="book" year="1987">
|
||
Gallardo (1987,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEE3375D4E1CAC53" box="[280,355,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE81375C4DBDAC53" author="Prigioni" box="[378,706,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Prigioni, C. M. & Langone, J. A. (1987 " 1986 ") Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai n. sp. un nuevo Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura) de Uruguay, con una clave para las especies del grupo tumifrons. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 159, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1987">Prigioni and Langone ("1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
" 1986,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCE2375C4C13AC53" box="[793,876,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC80375C4A5AAC53" author="Garcia" box="[891,1317,332,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Garcia, P. C. A. & Vinciprova, G. (2003) Anfibios. In: Fontana, C. S., Bencke, G. A. & Reis, R. E. (Eds.), Livro vermelho da fauna ameacada de extincao no Rio Grande do Sul. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, pp. 147 - 164." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Garcia and Vinciprova (2003,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB35375D4A66AC53" box="[1230,1305,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C37604A7AACB0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1285,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C37604E88ACBF" box="[151,503,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C37604E88ACBF" box="[151,503,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Melanophryniscus pachyrhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unjustified emendation).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFCCF377F4CC2ACB0" author="Lutz" box="[820,957,367,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Lutz, B. (1972) Geographical and ecological notes on cisandine to platine frogs. Journal of Herpetology, 6, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1972">Lutz (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC3C377F4A7EACB0" author="Cespedez" box="[967,1281,367,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Cespedez, J. A. & Motte, M. (2001) Distribucion de sapos del genero Melanophryniscus (Gallardo, 1961) en Argentina y Paraguay (Anura: Bufonidae). Boletin de la Asociacion de Herpetologia Espanola, 12, 71 - 76." type="journal article" year="2001">Céspedez and Motte (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C37844E5BACF8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C37844E92AC9B" box="[151,493,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C37844E96AC9B" ID-CoL="3Z9M4" box="[151,489,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanmartini">Melanophryniscus sanmartini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—(
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDE937854D46AC9B" box="[530,569,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDBB37844C6BAC9B" author="Klappenbach" box="[576,788,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Klappenbach, M. A. (1968) Notas herpetologicas IV. El genero Melanophryniscus (Amphibia, Salientia) en el Uruguay, con la descripcion de dos nuevas especies. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 9, 118, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1968">Klappenbach 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFCD837844B1DAC9B" author="Klappenbach" box="[803,1122,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Klappenbach, M. A. (1968) Notas herpetologicas IV. El genero Melanophryniscus (Amphibia, Salientia) en el Uruguay, con la descripcion de dos nuevas especies. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 9, 118, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Klappenbach (1968,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFBF737854B28AC9B" box="[1036,1111,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFB9537844E60ACF8" author="Achaval" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (1997) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. Barreiro y Ramos, Montevideo, 128 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Achaval and Olmos (1997,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF3237A94E6BACE7" box="[201,276,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">partim</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C37CC4A02AE93" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C37CC4D57ACC3" box="[151,552,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C37CC4D5BACC3" ID-CoL="3Z9LX" box="[151,548,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orejasmirandai">Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDBF37CC4CDAACC3" author="Prigioni" box="[580,933,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Prigioni, C. M. & Langone, J. A. (1987 " 1986 ") Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai n. sp. un nuevo Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura) de Uruguay, con una clave para las especies del grupo tumifrons. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 159, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1987">Prigioni and Langone ("1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
" 1986),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8802FFD1716CFBED37CD4B39ACC2" box="[1046,1094,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: "Cerro de Animas (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE315067FFD1716CFF2A37EF4E44AF20" box="[209,315,511,535]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-34.766666">34°46’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE315067FFD1716CFEB037EF4EBEAF20" box="[331,449,511,535]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-53.316666">53°19’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 500 metros al NO. del Mirador Nacional, Departamento de Maldonado,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD1716CFAD337EF4AEFAF20" box="[1320,1424,511,535]" name="Uruguay" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
".
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8802FFD1716CFF3234344E4AAF0B" box="[201,309,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: MNHN 5476, by original designation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFCEC34344CBCAF0B" author="Kolenc" box="[791,963,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Kolenc, F. (1987) Anuros del genero Melanophryniscus en la Republica Oriental del Uruguay. Aquamar, 5, 16 - 21." type="journal article" year="1987">Kolenc (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC2F34344BF3AF0B" author="Achaval" box="[980,1164,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Achaval, F. (1989) Lista de especies de vertebrados del Uruguay. Parte 2. Anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamiferos. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, 41 pp." type="book" year="1989">Achaval (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFB6634344E68AF68" author="Prigioni" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Prigioni, C. M. & Langone, J. A. (1990) Descripcion de la larva de Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone 1986 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 173, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1990">Prigioni and Langone (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFED834574E8DAF68" author="Echeverria" box="[291,498,583,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Echeverria, D. D. (1992) Microscopia electronica de barrido del aparato bucal de las larvas de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyemberg, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae). Alytes, 10, 137 - 143." type="journal article" year="1992">Echeverría (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE0434574CFAAF68" author="Klappenbach" box="[511,901,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Klappenbach, M. A. & Langone, J. A. (1992) Lista sistematica y sinonimica de los anfibios del Uruguay con comentarios y notas sobre su distribucion. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 8, 163 - 222." type="journal article" year="1992">Klappenbach and Langone (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC6A34574BB5AF68" author="Prigioni" box="[913,1226,583,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Prigioni, C. M. & Arrieta, D. (1992) Descripcion de la larva de Melanophryniscus sanmartini Klappenbach, 1968 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay, 7, 57 - 58." type="journal article" year="1992">Prigioni and Arrieta (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Langone (“1995” 1994).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFEE3347C4EA3AFB3" author="Duellman" box="[280,476,620,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1993) Amphibian Species of the World: additions and corrections. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Special Publication, No. 21." type="book" year="1993">Duellman (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE1C347D4D9EAFB3" box="[487,737,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Maneyro, R., Forni, F. & Santos, M. (1995) Anfibios del Departamento de Rocha. PROBIDES, Serie Divulgacion Tecnica, 1, 1 - 24." type="journal article">
|
||
Maneyro
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDA8347D4DF3AFB3" box="[595,652,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD17347C4B5EAFB3" author="Achaval" box="[748,1057,620,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (1997) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. Barreiro y Ramos, Montevideo, 128 pp." type="book" year="1997">Achaval and Olmos (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBD0347C4A3DAFB3" author="Lavilla" box="[1067,1346,620,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Lavilla, E. O. & Vaira, M. (1997) La larva de Melanophryniscus rubriventris rubriventris (Vellard, 1947) (Anura, Bufonidae). Alytes, 15, 19 - 25." type="journal article" year="1997">Lavilla and Vaira (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAB6347C4E2EAF90" author="Echeverria" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Echeverria, D. D. (1998) Aspectos de la reproduccion in-vitro y del desarrollo larval de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (WEYEN- BERGH, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae) con comentarios acerca del organo de Bidder. Alytes, 15, 158 - 170." type="journal article" year="1998">Echeverría (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFEA0349F4D04AF90" author="Evia" box="[347,635,655,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Evia, G. & Gudynas, E. (2000) Ecologia del Paisaje en Uruguay. Aportes para la Conservacion de la Diversidad Biologica, MVOTMA, AECI, Junta de Andalucia, Sevilla, 173 pp." type="book" year="2000">Evia and Gudynas (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD7E349F4CFBAF90" author="Lavilla" box="[645,900,655,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Lavilla, E. O. & Cei, J. M. (2001) Amphibians of Argentina. A second update, 1987 - 2000. Monografie Museo Regionali di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 28, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="2001">Lavilla and Cei (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC7534804BA1AF90" author="Maneyro" box="[910,1246,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Maneyro, R. & Langone, J. A. (2001) Categorizacion de los anfibios del Uruguay. Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 15, 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="2001">Maneyro and Langone (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFB12349F4E29AFFB" author="Caramaschi" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2002) Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 60, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="2002">Caramaschi and Cruz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE9834A44DE2AFFB" author="Achaval" box="[355,669,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (2003) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. 2 nd Ed. Graphis, Montevideo, 136 pp." type="book" year="2003">Achaval and Olmos (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD5134A44C88AFFB" author="Cruz" box="[682,1015,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Cruz, C. A. G. & Caramaschi, U. (2003) Taxonomic status of Melanophryniscus stelzneri dorsalis (MERTENS, 1933) and Melanophryniscus stelzneri fulvoguttatus (MERTENS, 1937) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 500, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2003">Cruz and Caramaschi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBFF34A54BECAFFB" author="Haas" box="[1028,1171,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Haas, A. (2003) Phylogeny of frogs as inferred from primarily larval characters (Amphibia: Anura). Cladistics, 19, 23 - 89." type="journal article" year="2003">Haas (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFB5B34A44AE7AFFB" box="[1184,1432,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C., Tedros, M., Nieto, M., Gutierrez, F. & Prigioni, C. (2003 a) Primer hallazgo de Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone, 1986 (Anura: Bufonidae) fuera de su localidad tipica y algunos comentarios sobre su biologia. Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay (2 a epoca), 14, 29 - 31." type="journal article">
|
||
Kolenc
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB0134A54A4AAFFB" box="[1274,1333,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFF3234C74EC0AFD8" box="[201,447,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C. & Tedros, M. (2003 b) La larva de Hyla uruguaya Schmidt, 1944 (Anura: Hylidae), con comentarios sobre su biologia en Uruguay y su status taxonomico. Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 17, 87 - 100." type="journal article">
|
||
Kolenc
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFED934C94E24AFC7" box="[290,347,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE3034C84DFDAFD8" author="Langone" box="[459,642,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Langone, J. A. (2003) Diversidad de la Biota Uruguaya. Amphibia. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y Antropologia, 10, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2003">Langone (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD7534C84C0CAFD8" box="[654,883,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Larson, P. M., de Sa, R. O. & Arrieta, D. (2003) Chondrocranial, hyobranchial and internal oral morphology in larvae of the basal bufonid genus Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura). Acta Zoologica, 84, 145 - 154." type="journal article">
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Larson
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD1F34C94C62AFC7" box="[740,797,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC8434C74BEBAFD8" author="Baldo" box="[895,1172,727,751]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Baldo, D. & Basso, N. G. (2004) A new species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae), with comments on the species of the genus reported for Misiones, Northeastern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 393 - 403." type="journal article" year="2004">Baldo and Basso (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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. Langone
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAF234C94A3CAFC7" box="[1289,1347,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFF3234ED4EB8AE23" box="[201,455,764,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Manzano, A. S., Baldo, D. & Barg, M. (2004) Anfibios del Litoral Argentino. Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral fluvial argentino. INSUGEO, Miscelanea, 12, 5 - 12." type="journal article">
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Manzano
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEC334ED4E0EAE23" box="[312,369,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDEF34ED4D32AE23" box="[532,589,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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Núñez
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD0534ED4C48AE23" box="[766,823,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC2734ED4B6AAE23" box="[988,1045,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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Di-Bernardo
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAF134ED4A3CAE23" box="[1290,1347,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFF32350F4E85AE00" author="Achaval" box="[201,506,799,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (2007) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. 3 rd Ed. Biophoto, Montevideo, 160 pp." type="book" year="2007">Achaval and Olmos (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDFF350F4D98AE00" box="[516,743,799,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C., Tedros, M. & Prigioni, C. (2007) The tadpole of Scinax aromothyella (Anura: Hylidae) from Uruguay. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 42, 175 - 180." type="journal article">
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Kolenc
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDA735314DEBAE0F" box="[604,660,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC1135314A6AAE00" author="Maneyro" box="[1002,1301,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Maneyro, R. & Kwet, A. (2008) Amphibians in the border region between Uruguay and Brazil: Updated species list with comments on taxonomy and natural history (Part I: Bufonidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A (Neue Serie), 1, 95 - 121." type="journal article" year="2008">Maneyro and Kwet (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAE435314E44AE6B" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Langone, J. A., Segalla, M. V., Bornschein, M. & de Sa, R. O. (2008) A new reproductive mode in the genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae) with description of a new species from the state of Parana, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 1 - 9." type="journal article">
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Langone
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFA7335314FA0AE6B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
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. (2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFEBD35544D60AE6B" box="[326,543,836,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Stuart, S. N., Hoffmann, M., Chanson, J. S., Cox, N. A., Berridge, R. J., Ramani, P. & Young, B. E. (2008) Threatened Amphibians of the World. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona; IUCN, Gland; and Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, 758 pp." type="book">
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Stuart
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE6B35554EB6AE6B" box="[400,457,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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Vaz-Silva
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD6535554DAFAE6B" box="[670,720,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFCC335544B04AE6B" author="Ziegler" box="[824,1147,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Ziegler, L. & Maneyro, R. (2008) Clave para la identificacion de los Anfibios de Uruguay (Chordata: Amphibia). Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, 72 pp." type="book" year="2008">Ziegler and Maneyro (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFB7C35544A20AE6B" box="[1159,1375,836,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Baldo, D., Maneyro, R. & Laufer, G. (2010) The tadpole of Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1902) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 2615, 66 - 68." type="journal article">
|
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Baldo
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB2A35554A75AE6B" box="[1233,1290,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010)
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFA9035554E99AE48" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Bernardo-Silva, J. S., Rocha Dos Santos, R. & Both, C. (2010) The tadpole of Melanophryniscus cambaraensis Braun & Braun, 1979 (Anura: Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 2569, 67 - 68." type="journal article">
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Bernardo-Silva
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEAF35794EF7AEB7" box="[340,392,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
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. (2010)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE0935774D88AE48" box="[498,759,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Canavero, A., Carreira, S., Langone, J. A., Achaval, F., Borteiro, C., Camargo, A., da Rosa, I., Estrades, A., Fallabrino, A., Kolenc, F., Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M. M., Maneyro, R., Meneghel, M., Nunez, D., Prigioni, C. M. & Ziegler, L. (2010) Conservation status assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay. Iheringia (Serie Zoologia), 100, 5 - 12." type="journal article">
|
||
Canavero
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD9D35794DDEAEB7" box="[614,673,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFCFF35774B2CAE48" box="[772,1107,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Almeida-Santos, P., Nascimento D. S. D., Abrunhosa, P. A. & Sluys, M. B. (2010) Melanophryniscus moreirae (Maldonado Redbellied Toad). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review, 41, 200 - 201." type="journal article">
|
||
Almeida-Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC3935794C83AEB7" box="[962,1020,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010)
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBA435774A44AE48" box="[1119,1339,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Bidau, C. J., Marti, D. A. & Baldo, D. (2011) Inter- and intraspecific geographic variation of body size in south american redbelly toads of the genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae). Journal of Herpetology, 45, 66 - 74." type="journal article">
|
||
Bidau
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB5035794B99AEB7" box="[1195,1254,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAB335774EBCAE93" author="Caramaschi" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2011) A new possibly threatened species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Bazil, (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 528, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2011">Caramaschi and Cruz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE35359D4DA0AE93" box="[462,735,908,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Dos Santos, T. G., Maneyro, R., Cechin, S. Z. & Haddad, C, F. B. (2011) Breeding habitat and natural history notes of the toad Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Southern Brazil. Herpetological Bulletin, 116, 15 - 18." type="journal article">
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Dos Santos
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDAF359D4DF3AE93" box="[596,652,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD11359C4CC7AE93" box="[746,952,908,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Haad, M. B., Vera Candioti, M. F. & Baldo, D. (2011) Shape variation in lentic and lotic tadpoles of Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 46, 91 - 99." type="journal article">
|
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Haad
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCD7359D4C1BAE93" box="[812,868,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC38359D4B07AE93" author="Langone" box="[963,1144,908,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Langone, J. A. (2011) Threats to Uruguayan Amphibians. In: Heatwole, H., Barrio-Amoros, C. L. & Wilkinson, J. W. (Eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 9. Status of decline of Amphibians: Western Hemisphere. Part 2. Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney, pp. 79 - 84." type="book chapter" year="2011">Langone (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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. Baldo
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB36359D4A7AAE93" box="[1229,1285,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF6C35A04C4EA960" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF6C35A04D77AEFF" box="[151,520,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF6C35A04D7CAEFF" ID-CoL="3Z9LY" box="[151,515,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDDF35BF4C07AEF0" author="Caramaschi" box="[548,888,943,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2002) Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 60, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="2002">Caramaschi and Cruz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC7C35BF4BA4AEF0" author="Cruz" box="[903,1243,943,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Cruz, C. A. G. & Caramaschi, U. (2003) Taxonomic status of Melanophryniscus stelzneri dorsalis (MERTENS, 1933) and Melanophryniscus stelzneri fulvoguttatus (MERTENS, 1937) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 500, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2003">Cruz and Caramaschi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFB1035A04E68AEDB" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Manzano, A. S., Baldo, D. & Barg, M. (2004) Anfibios del Litoral Argentino. Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral fluvial argentino. INSUGEO, Miscelanea, 12, 5 - 12." type="journal article">
|
||
Manzano
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAA435A14AE3AEFF" box="[1375,1436,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFED935C44D69AEDB" box="[290,534,980,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Borteiro, C., Kolenc, F., Tedros, M. & Gutierrez, F. (2005) Geographic distribution: Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus. Herpetological Review, 36, 199 - 200." type="journal article">
|
||
Borteiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE7C35C54EBFAEDB" box="[391,448,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2005)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Kwet
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD9D35C54DE0AEDB" box="[614,671,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2005).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFCFB35C44B4AAEDB" author="Achaval" box="[768,1077,980,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (2007) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. 3 rd Ed. Biophoto, Montevideo, 160 pp." type="book" year="2007">Achaval and Olmos (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBBA35C44A57AEDB" box="[1089,1320,980,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C., Tedros, M. & Prigioni, C. (2007) The tadpole of Scinax aromothyella (Anura: Hylidae) from Uruguay. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 42, 175 - 180." type="journal article">
|
||
Kolenc
|
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB6135C54BACAEDB" box="[1178,1235,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2007)
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAC835C44E28A938" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Colombo, P., Zank, C, Schmidt, L. E. C., Goncalves, G. & Marinho, J. R. (2007) Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Melanophryniscus simplex: Distribution extension. Check List, 3, 305 - 307." type="journal article">
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Colombo
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF3235E94E7DA927" box="[201,258,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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(2007)
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFE9935E94DEEA938" author="Maneyro" box="[354,657,1015,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Maneyro, R. & Kwet, A. (2008) Amphibians in the border region between Uruguay and Brazil: Updated species list with comments on taxonomy and natural history (Part I: Bufonidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A (Neue Serie), 1, 95 - 121." type="journal article" year="2008">Maneyro and Kwet (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD6635E74CEAA938" author="Vaz-Silva" box="[669,917,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Vaz-Silva, W., Balestrin, R. L. & Di-Bernardo, M. (2008) Rediscovery of Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil, with addenda to species redescription. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 36 - 42." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Vaz-Silva
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCEA35E94C35A927" box="[785,842,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFBFF35E74A32A938" box="[1028,1357,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Almeida-Santos, P., Nascimento D. S. D., Abrunhosa, P. A. & Sluys, M. B. (2010) Melanophryniscus moreirae (Maldonado Redbellied Toad). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review, 41, 200 - 201." type="journal article">
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Almeida-Santos
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB3B35E94B86A927" box="[1216,1273,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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Canavero
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEFE320D4E3FA903" box="[261,320,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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Bidau
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<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE08320D4D51A903" box="[499,558,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFD68320C4C9EA903" author="Caramaschi" box="[659,993,1052,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2011) A new possibly threatened species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Bazil, (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 528, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2011">Caramaschi and Cruz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFC14320D4A72A903" box="[1007,1293,1052,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Dos Santos, T. G., Maneyro, R., Cechin, S. Z. & Haddad, C, F. B. (2011) Breeding habitat and natural history notes of the toad Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Southern Brazil. Herpetological Bulletin, 116, 15 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Dos Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB80320D4BC9A903" box="[1147,1206,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFAE0320C4E6AA960" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Haad, M. B., Vera Candioti, M. F. & Baldo, D. (2011) Shape variation in lentic and lotic tadpoles of Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 46, 91 - 99." type="journal article">
|
||
Haad
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFA9A320D4AE3A903" box="[1377,1436,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFEDB32514D3EA960" author="Lema" box="[288,577,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Lema, T. D. & Martins, L. A. (2011) Anfibios do Rio Grande do Sul. Catalogo, Diagnoses, Distribuicao, Iconografia. EDIPU- CRS, Porto Alegre, 196 pp." type="book" year="2011">Lema and Martins (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFDB7322F4C53A960" box="[588,812,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Toledo, L. F., Sazima, I. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2011) Behavioural defences of anurans: An overview. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 23, 1 - 25." type="journal article">
|
||
Toledo
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD5A32514DA6A96F" box="[673,729,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F652BFFD1716DFF3232974E43AB78" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF3232974E7CA84F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1159,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF3232974E3CA997" bold="true" box="[201,323,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFEB532984DC8A997" box="[334,695,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEB532984DC8A997" box="[334,695,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be diagnosed as follows: medium sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFB3632984AE3A997" box="[1229,1436,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB3632984AE3A997" box="[1229,1436,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Melanophryniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (males = 22.15–30.36; females = 24.75–35.44); with a glandular swelling on snout; skin of dorsum granular, scattered with blunt, rounded, small to medium-size glandular warts; warts tipped with one to several keratinized spicules; dorsal color of head, body, and upper surfaces of appendages range from different brown tones to gray, with scapular region and swelling on the snout lighter; ventral surface of abdominal, pectoral and gular regions dark grey with an extensive orange reticulated pattern; some specimens with a gland on metatarsus of toes IV and V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716CFF3233944C9BAAA3" blockId="10.[151,1436,1159,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The presence of a glandular swelling on snout (putative synapomorphy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFBA233944AE3A8AB" box="[1113,1436,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFBA233944AE3A8AB" box="[1113,1436,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Melanophryniscus tumifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD1716CFF1233B84EA2A8F7" author="Baldo" box="[233,477,1448,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Baldo, D. & Basso, N. G. (2004) A new species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae), with comments on the species of the genus reported for Misiones, Northeastern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 393 - 403." type="journal article" year="2004">Baldo & Basso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), allows to easily distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFCC833B94C96A8F7" box="[819,1001,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCC833B94C96A8F7" box="[819,1001,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFAEE33B94AE3A8F7" box="[1301,1436,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stelzneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAEE33B94AE3A8F7" box="[1301,1436,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. stelzneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFF1D33DD4D2EA8D3" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[230,593,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atroluteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFF1D33DD4E03A8D3" box="[230,380,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. atroluteus</emphasis>
|
||
(Miranda-Ribeiro)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFDA433DD4A4AA8D3" authority="Mertens" authorityName="Mertens" box="[607,1333,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cupreuscapularis" subSpecies="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDA433DD4C3AA8D3" box="[607,837,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. cupreuscapularis</emphasis>
|
||
Céspedez & Álvarez,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFBBB33DD4BC0A8D3" box="[1088,1215,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mertens)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFAB933DD4D0BAB3F" authority="Mertens" authorityName="Mertens" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="estebani" subSpecies="fulvoguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAB933DD4FB6AB3F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. estebani</emphasis>
|
||
Céspedez,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEB333E14E81AB3F" box="[328,510,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. fulvoguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Mertens)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFD7A33E14B5DAB3E" authority="Prigioni & Langone" authorityName="Prigioni & Langone" box="[641,1058,1520,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klappenbachi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD7A33E14C42AB3F" box="[641,829,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. klappenbachi</emphasis>
|
||
Prigioni & Langone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFBCB33E14A0FAB3F" authority="Baldo & Basso" authorityName="Baldo & Basso" box="[1072,1392,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krauczuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFBCB33E14BBEAB3F" box="[1072,1217,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. krauczuki</emphasis>
|
||
Baldo & Basso
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFA8633E14ED8AB1B" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montevidensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFA8633E14E49AB1B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. montevidensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Philippi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFE4E30054B0AAB1B" authority="Vellard" authorityName="Vellard" box="[437,1141,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paraguayensis" subSpecies="rubriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE4E30054D03AB1B" box="[437,636,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
Céspedez & Motte,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC9A30054B73AB1B" box="[865,1036,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. rubriventris</emphasis>
|
||
(Vellard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFB4930054F9CAB67" authority="Weyenbergh" authorityName="Weyenbergh" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stelzneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB4930054A4AAB1B" box="[1202,1333,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. stelzneri</emphasis>
|
||
(Weyenbergh)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFECC30294EBDAB67" box="[311,450,1593,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moreirae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFECC30294EBDAB67" box="[311,450,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. moreirae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFDE130294C30AB67" authority="Maneyro et al." authorityName="Maneyro et al." box="[538,847,1592,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDE130294DDDAB67" box="[538,674,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. langonei</emphasis>
|
||
Maneyro
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCED30294C30AB67" box="[790,847,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFCA630294BBEAB67" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[861,1217,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moreirae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCA630294C96AB67" box="[861,1001,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. moreirae</emphasis>
|
||
(Miranda-Ribeiro)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFB0630294E51AB43" authority="Klappenbach" authorityName="Klappenbach" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanmartini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB0630294AE3AB67" box="[1277,1436,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. sanmartini</emphasis>
|
||
Klappenbach
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and from those species unassigned to any species group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFC42304D4A4CAB43" authority="Di-Bernardo et al." authorityName="Di-Bernardo et al." box="[953,1331,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC42304D4B20AB43" box="[953,1119,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. admirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
Di-Bernardo
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFB00304D4A4CAB43" box="[1275,1331,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFABA304D4E21ABAF" authority="Langone et al." authorityName="Langone et al." class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alipioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFABA304D4FCAABAF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. alipioi</emphasis>
|
||
Langone
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEDE30914E21ABAF" box="[293,350,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFE6730914C20ABAF" authority="Steinbach-Padilha. The" authorityName="Steinbach-Padilha. The" box="[412,863,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilavelhensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE6730914D2CABAF" box="[412,595,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. vilavelhensis</emphasis>
|
||
Steinbach-Padilha. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
glandular dorsal skin, with small to medium-sized glandular warts, tipped with one to several keratinized spicules, allow to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFBBC30B54B84AB8B" box="[1095,1275,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFBBC30B54B84AB8B" box="[1095,1275,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFAC430B54E7BABD7" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cambaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAC430B54E7BABD7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. cambaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFEC030D94D5BABD7" box="[315,548,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrogranulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEC030D94D5BABD7" box="[315,548,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. macrogranulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dorsal skin smooth, with big rounded glandular warts, warts with very few or without keratinized spines on tip). The general dorsal color pattern ranging from different brown tones to gray with scapular region and swelling on the snout lighter, distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFCB031014C80AA1F" box="[843,1023,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCB031014C80AA1F" box="[843,1023,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFBBE31014A78AA1F" box="[1093,1287,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cambaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFBBE31014A78AA1F" box="[1093,1287,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. cambaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFAC531014E53AA7B" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrogranulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFAC531014E53AA7B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. macrogranulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dorsum light bright to dark green), from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFD0431254C07AA7B" box="[767,888,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFD0431254C07AA7B" box="[767,888,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFC5531254B42AA7B" box="[942,1085,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFC5531254B42AA7B" box="[942,1085,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. tumifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dorsum homogeneously black to dark brown), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFE4031494D27AA47" box="[443,600,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFE4031494D27AA47" box="[443,600,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(background dark brown to black, with a distinct marbled pattern of sinuous yellow/orange stripes and two yellow/orange spots on scapular region).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD1716DFF3231B04EEBAF20" blockId="10.[151,1436,1159,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,1615]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The reticulated orange ventral pattern characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFCCA31B04BE9AA8F" box="[817,1174,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFCCA31B04BE9AA8F" box="[817,1174,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
readily distinguish this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFEC931D54E88AAEB" box="[306,503,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cambaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFEC931D54E88AAEB" box="[306,503,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. cambaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD1716CFDC831D54C61AAEB" box="[563,798,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrogranulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD1716CFDC831D54C61AAEB" box="[563,798,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">M. macrogranulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(background dark green to gray, with big red spots on abdominal region, which can be extended to cover the entire ventral surface), from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFBAF36894BAEAD87" box="[1108,1233,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFBAF36894BAEAD87" box="[1108,1233,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFAF036894AE3AD87" box="[1291,1436,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFAF036894AE3AD87" box="[1291,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. tumifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(abdominal region with a large red patch that usually covers the posterior half of abdomen; anterior half of the abdomen and pectoral region dark brown to black, gular surface with three red or yellow blotches, one on the mental and two on subarticular regions),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFDB837154D95AC2B" box="[579,746,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devincenzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFDB837154D95AC2B" box="[579,746,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. devincenzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(abdominal region with a big spot orange/red; pectoral and gular regions uniformly brown to black), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFD5E37394C3BAC77" box="[677,836,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFD5E37394C3BAC77" box="[677,836,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(background dark brown with a big uniform orange spot on the abdominal region, with some small orange spots on the pectoral region, and with three yellow/orange spots on the gular surface, one on the mental and two on the subarticular regions, usually connected).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFAC637604EDAAC9B" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFAC637604EDAAC9B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to the recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFC9737854CA0AC9B" box="[876,991,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFC9737854CA0AC9B" box="[876,991,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. peritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also apparently has a reticulated ventral pattern. The single known specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFD4637A94C4BACE7" box="[701,820,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFD4637A94C4BACE7" box="[701,820,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. peritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a female of 39.3 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFB9837A74AF0ACF8" author="Caramaschi" box="[1123,1423,439,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2011) A new possibly threatened species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Bazil, (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 528, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2011">Caramaschi & Cruz 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is somewhat larger than known females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFD4537CD4C0EACC3" box="[702,881,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFD4537CD4C0EACC3" box="[702,881,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being this at present the only apparent difference between these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD0716DFF3234344D0DAE23" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
The subgroups of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFE3834344C7AAF0B" box="[451,773,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFE3834344C7AAF0B" box="[451,773,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Melanophryniscus tumifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFC2234344A5FAF0B" author="Caramaschi" box="[985,1312,548,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2002) Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 60, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="2002">Caramaschi and Cruz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
associated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFF6C34594E32AF57" box="[151,333,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFF6C34594E32AF57" box="[151,333,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFE6B34594D1CAF57" box="[400,611,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orejasmirandai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFE6B34594D1CAF57" box="[400,611,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. orejasmirandai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFD5434594C2AAF57" box="[687,853,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFD5434594C2FAF57" box="[687,848,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">M. spectabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and one of the proposed diagnostic characters was related to the ventral pattern. This grouping was not based on a phylogenetic analysis and since the particular orange ventral pattern is to date exclusive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFD6334814C33AF9F" box="[664,844,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFD6334814C33AF9F" box="[664,844,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and quite different from that observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFAC834814FAAAFFB" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFAC834814FAAAFFB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), we prefer not to recognize the subgroups for the time being. Besides, we prefer to use the term glandular warts to tubercles (as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFDF134C74C5CAFD8" author="Lynch" box="[522,803,727,751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, ecology and biogeography. Special Publications, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based on available histological evidence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFAFE34C74FADAE23" author="Delfino" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Delfino, G., Brizzi, R., Kracke-Berndorff, R. & Alvarez, B. (1998) Serous gland dimorphism in the skin of Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Anura: Bufonidae). Journal of Morphology, 237, 19 - 32." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Delfino
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFA9F34C94AE3AFC7" box="[1380,1436,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFF2634ED4EE5AE23" author="Naya" box="[221,410,764,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Naya, D., Langone, J. A. & de Sa, R. O. (2004) Caracteristicas histologicas de la tumefaccion frontal de Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 77, 593 - 598." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Naya
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFEDB34ED4E27AE23" box="[288,344,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mebs
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFE1034ED4D5CAE23" box="[491,547,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD0716DFF32350F4A1BAEFE" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFF32350F4EB0AE0F" bold="true" box="[201,463,799,824]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Osteological remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFE2D350F4DD4AE00" author="McDiarmid" box="[470,683,799,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. (1971) Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus & Oreophrynella. Bulletin of Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 12, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">McDiarmid (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that the presence of nasal ornamentation would be characteristic of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFE6835544D1DAE6B" box="[403,610,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFE6835544D1DAE6B" box="[403,610,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Melanophryniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we found ornamentations (exostosis) only in species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFA8635554E7EAEB7" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFA8635554E7EAEB7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. tumifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFE3535794DFCAEB7" box="[462,643,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFE3535794DFCAEB7" box="[462,643,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These ornamentations consist on small irregular ridges that underlie the frontal skin gland. Associated to this ornamentation, nasals are more convex transversally. We consider that nasal ornamentation most probably distinguishes species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFCA435A14C91AEFF" box="[863,1006,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFCA435A14C91AEFF" box="[863,1006,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. tumifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from the rest of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD0716DFF3235C54B24A83B" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
We noticed that the posterolateral processes of the hyoid plate described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFBED35C44A59AEDB" author="Baldo" box="[1046,1318,980,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Baldo, D. & Basso, N. G. (2004) A new species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae), with comments on the species of the genus reported for Misiones, Northeastern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 393 - 403." type="journal article" year="2004">Baldo and Basso (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFACA35C44E21A938" author="Cespedez" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Cespedez, J. A. & Motte, M. (2007) Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 de Paraguay (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Facena, 23, 31 - 42." type="journal article" year="2007">Céspedez and Motte (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFE6235E74D28A938" author="Cespedez" box="[409,599,1015,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Cespedez, J. A. (2008) Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 de Argentina (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Facena, 24, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Céspedez (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for different species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFC7635E84BBCA927" box="[909,1219,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stelzneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFC7635E84BBCA927" box="[909,1219,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Melanophryniscus stelzneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group could be the posterior lobe of the anterolateral processes, and that the posterolateral processes would be lacking as was previously described in other species of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFD5832504C2BA96F" author="Trewavas" box="[675,852,1088,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Trewavas, E. (1933) The hyoid and larynx of the anura. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, B, 222, 401 - 527." type="journal article" year="1933">Trewavas 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFC9A32504B5BA96F" author="Badenhorst" box="[865,1060,1088,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Badenhorst, C. E. (1945) Die skedelmorfologie van die neotropiese anure Atelopus moreirae de Miranda-Ribeiro. Annals of The University of Stellenbosch, 23, Section A, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1945">Badenhorst 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFBCA32504B89A96F" author="McDiarmid" box="[1073,1270,1088,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. (1971) Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus & Oreophrynella. Bulletin of Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 12, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">McDiarmid 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFAF832504A41A96F" author="McDiarmid" box="[1283,1342,1088,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. (1972) La posicion sistematica de la rana Atelopus rubriventris Vellard. Physis, 31,15 - 21." type="book" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present work). The anterolateral processes have a wide base with two lobes distally, one anterior and another posterior, which may be misidentified as being the posterolateral processes. The wide basis of the alary process of the hyoid (as hypobranchial I) was considered as a possible synapomorphy of the genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFBDC32BC4B8FA9F3" author="Cannatella" box="[1063,1264,1196,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Cannatella, D. C. (1986) A new genus of bufonid (Anura) from South America and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genera. Herpetologica, 42, 197 - 205." type="journal article" year="1986">Cannatella (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFAA132BC4EABA9DF" author="Graybeal" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Graybeal, A. & Cannatella, D. C. (1995) A new taxon of Bufonidae from Peru, with descriptions of two new species and a review of phylogenetic status of supraspecific bufonid taxa. Herpetologica, 51, 105 - 131." type="journal article" year="1995">Graybeal and Cannatella (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Developmental studies would help to discern if the posterolateral processes of the hyoid plate are indeed not present or if they are fused with the anterolateral processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A0FFD0716DFF3233074E43AB78" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFF3233074E8DA807" bold="true" box="[201,498,1303,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
We reported in the present study five new localities for
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFB8333084F96A863" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFB8333084F99A863" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
four of them in Rio Grande do Sul,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD0716DFD66332C4D9EA863" box="[669,737,1340,1364]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(17.5 km northern from a Arroio Grande; Piratini; Viamão, Parque Saint-Hilaire;
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B45FFD0716DFE7733704EACA84F" box="[396,467,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
south from Encruzilhada do Sul), and one in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD0716DFBC433714BDEA84E" box="[1087,1185,1377,1401]" name="Uruguay" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Abra de Castellanos, Maldonado), see Appendix I and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A25FFD0716DFDEE33944D07A8AB" box="[533,632,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1593,1616]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,697,1572]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[266,1321,697,1573]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus. Open circle: type locality of M. orejasmirandai; white circle: type locality of M. pachyrhynus. Localities are numbered as in Appendix I. Localities: (1) Cerro de las Ánimas; (2) Abra de Castellanos; (3) Cerro Cotto; (4) Cuchilla de Mangrullo; (5) 17.5 km N from Arroio Grande; (6) Piratini, (7) São Lourenço do Sul, (8) Caçapava do Sul, (9) Dom Feliciano, (10) 22 km S from Encruzilhada do Sul; (11) São Jerônimo, Fazenda Novosares, (12) Belém Velho, Sítio do Mato, (13) Viamão, Parque Saint-Hilaire; (14) Porto Alegre. (15) São Sepé. Localities from which DNA sequences were studied are indicated in red." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
. The examination of the specimens ZUFSM 3210–2 from Nova Roma (Rio Grande do Sul,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127630FFD0716DFE8433B84EBAA8F7" box="[383,453,1448,1472]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFD2F33B94CF7A8F7" box="[724,904,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFD2F33B94CF7A8F7" box="[724,904,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">M. pachyrhynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFC4933B84BD0A8F7" box="[946,1199,1448,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Vaz-Silva, W., Balestrin, R. L. & Di-Bernardo, M. (2008) Rediscovery of Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil, with addenda to species redescription. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 36 - 42." type="journal article">
|
||
Vaz-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFBDE33B94B22A8F7" box="[1061,1117,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that they are actually
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFF0333DD4D95A8D3" box="[248,746,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFF0333DD4E07A8D3" box="[248,376,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">M. simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D23FFD0716DFE7F33DC4D95A8D3" box="[388,746,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Melanophryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyrhynus">Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion, which is composed by extensive characteristic grasslands, palm savannas and gallery forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFBEF33E04A74AB3F" author="Dinerstein" box="[1044,1291,1520,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Dinerstein, E., Olson, D. M., Graham, D. J., Webster, A. L., Primm, S. A., Bookbinder, M. P. & Ledec, G. (1995) A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank and World Wildlife Fundation, Washington, 129 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Dinerstein
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFB6A33E14BB6AB3F" box="[1169,1225,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The habitat of this species consists of rocky open areas on top of hilly landscapes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFC4330044BE4AB1B" author="Kolenc" box="[952,1179,1556,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C., Tedros, M., Nieto, M., Gutierrez, F. & Prigioni, C. (2003 a) Primer hallazgo de Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone, 1986 (Anura: Bufonidae) fuera de su localidad tipica y algunos comentarios sobre su biologia. Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay (2 a epoca), 14, 29 - 31." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Kolenc
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFBE930054B34AB1B" box="[1042,1099,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B51FFD0716DFB5C30044AE8AB1B" author="Vaz-Silva" box="[1191,1431,1556,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Vaz-Silva, W., Balestrin, R. L. & Di-Bernardo, M. (2008) Rediscovery of Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil, with addenda to species redescription. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 36 - 42." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Vaz-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB2FFD0716DFAE730054A2BAB1B" box="[1308,1364,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |