166 lines
18 KiB
XML
166 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="902A7A05DA895487391183403F7D68B6" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="32974" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3ad9b4c-35d8-4a01-a14b-3dd968623358" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583192" ID-ZooBank="50496AC4-D639-49A7-9249-386B037DAE72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495697318696" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2017" docId="0393E60DFF8AFFA6D2B0898CE84B76D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4271.1.1SLASH11141.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4271 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paraferdina James 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFAA9E75FFB7FF9BD2278D50ED097120" masterDocTitle="Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698439914132" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F7B79E4D42D69F8A16A251104DA8BE5B">
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<mods:title id="09B0A8BC2F7282A15CBAA9CD3763B695">Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="111C317E73668846E9AB97DEEADB42CF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="83662E75776F90E653E2219B6BBDED46">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="844D26A9C01E660691E972D0BF01AFAC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="990AFF811ECA23CC7506F6E006AC4B0C">
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<mods:title id="B586C12113AEE9729247D3925A499A5F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4E133A5FFE553552840B06D05FCBFE6B">
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<mods:date id="D7A80BE99A82BCDCD15044AC6B228003">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5076C565EECE0B0B1F1B6D9B63E374AA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="95F7590AC6EC9E942452275EB9E32B69">4271</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F728EAE4D3128BB6F0D0E9D51EEF7054" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F1325311130F530FE70FC1AB525313B2">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="C6E1E7327D449A1FB2C39300949DC1D0">72</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0192F33D2CD04DF19D68F29458601C0F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="75FF338B7277C5E87BB9B120CF668FF9" type="CLB-Dataset">32974</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B11D18300CC3D93A05014BA55CE60743" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64665B6A3D4214957BAD84EC87BAE41D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B61AD168DEC8AA158F5E84F3EEF3776" type="Zenodo-Dep">583192</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD2A16885D06B50DF1B0CFF372693C27" type="ZooBank">50496AC4-D639-49A7-9249-386B037DAE72</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0393E60DFF8AFFA6D2B0898CE84B76D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6017035" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6017035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393E60DFF8AFFA6D2B0898CE84B76D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393E60DFF8AFFA6D2B0898CE84B76D5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C3200490FF8AFFA6D2B0898CEE6F7413" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2B0898CECC875D6" blockId="61.[151,449,1244,1270]" box="[151,449,1244,1270]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="D0CDE077FF8AFFA6D2B0898CECC875D6" bold="true" box="[151,449,1244,1270]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D2B0898CECC875D6" authority="James 1973" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,449,1244,1270]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2B0898CECC875D6" bold="true" box="[151,449,1244,1270]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2B0898CEC2375D6" bold="true" box="[151,298,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paraferdina</emphasis>
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James 1973
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2B0884EEE6F7413" blockId="61.[151,870,1309,1331]" box="[151,870,1309,1331]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">James 1973: 556; Marsh & Price 1991: 65; Clark 1993: 350 (checklist)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3200490FF8AFFA6D2B0880DEED277F8" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2B0880DEFF97456" blockId="61.[151,1437,1373,2037]" box="[151,752,1373,1398]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2B0880DEC3B7456" bold="true" box="[151,306,1373,1398]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D31E880EEFE57456" authority="James 1973" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1973" box="[313,748,1374,1398]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laccadivensis">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D31E880EEF567456" box="[313,607,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paraferdina laccadivensis</emphasis>
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James 1973
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2E088D1EEC7776B" blockId="61.[151,1437,1373,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2E088D1ECD674BA" bold="true" box="[199,479,1409,1434]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Taxonomic Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D3CC88D1EF7A74B9" box="[491,627,1409,1433]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D3CC88D1EF7A74B9" box="[491,627,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paraferdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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displays characters which strongly support its placement within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D2B088F4EC3F749D" box="[151,310,1444,1469]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
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, including the flattened abactinal plate surface, the arms in angular cross-section, the strongly defined marginal plate periphery, composed of large, blocky plates and the multiple series of actinals in chevronshaped series. The presence of a single row of furrow spines, polygonal abactinal plates, the absence of subambulacral accessories and the presence of granular tegument on the body surface, including the adambulacral plate are shared between
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D3958B63EF33776B" box="[434,570,1587,1611]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D3958B63EF33776B" box="[434,570,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paraferdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the members of the Ferdininae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2E08B06EED277F8" blockId="61.[151,1437,1373,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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Shared characters between
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D0238B07EE3D774E" box="[516,820,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D0238B07EFB4774E" box="[516,701,1622,1646]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laccadivensis">P. laccadivensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D0EB8B07EE3D774E" box="[716,820,1622,1646]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plakos" status="sp. nov.">P. plakos</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1188B06EE8B774F" bold="true" box="[831,898,1622,1647]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF8AFFA6D1188B06EE8B774F" box="[831,898,1622,1647]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D1E68B07E94B774E" box="[961,1090,1622,1646]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sohariae">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1E68B07E94B774E" box="[961,1090,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. sohariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that characterize
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D7338B06E895774E" box="[1300,1436,1622,1646]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D7338B06E895774E" box="[1300,1436,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paraferdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include the complete granular tegument covering of both the abactinal and marginal plates surface. However, some species such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D37D8BCDEF207795" box="[346,553,1693,1717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D37D8BCDEF207795" box="[346,553,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Neoferdina annae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D0128BCDEF737796" bold="true" box="[565,634,1693,1718]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF8AFFA6D0128BCDEF737796" box="[565,634,1693,1718]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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and to a certain extent
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D1838BCEE9167795" box="[932,1055,1693,1717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1838BCEE9167795" box="[932,1055,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">N. insolita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, display very similar characters suggesting an overlapping boundary between
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D0BE8B90EE2877F8" box="[665,801,1728,1752]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D0BE8B90EE2877F8" box="[665,801,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Paraferdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D1708B90EEDD77F8" box="[855,980,1728,1752]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1708B90EEDD77F8" box="[855,980,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Neoferdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3200490FF8AFFA6D2E08BB4E84B76D5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2E08BB4EEDC76F1" blockId="61.[151,1437,1373,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2E08BB4EC4877DD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1764,1789]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body strongly stellate (R/r=3.0–3.3), arms elongate, interradial arcs acute. Body, including abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces covered by granular tegument. Abactinal plates polygonal, variably shaped and sized but with large, raised, polygonal plates present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D1158A7CEE9F7663" box="[818,918,1835,1859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plakos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1158A7CEE9F7663" box="[818,918,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. plakos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1BB8A7BEED27664" bold="true" box="[924,987,1835,1860]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF8AFFA6D1BB8A7BEED27664" box="[924,987,1835,1860]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D6368A7CE9877663" box="[1041,1166,1835,1859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sohariae">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D6368A7CE9877663" box="[1041,1166,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. sohariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Glassy granules absent from abactinal, marginal plate surface. Superomarginal plates enlarged and encroaching onto abactinal surface in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D7A08A1FEDE976AA" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plakos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D7A08A1FEDE976AA" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. plakos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2CF8A21EC2E76AA" bold="true" box="[232,295,1905,1930]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF8AFFA6D2CF8A21EC2E76AA" box="[232,295,1905,1930]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D3788A22ECD776AA" box="[351,478,1906,1930]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sohariae">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D3788A22ECD776AA" box="[351,478,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. sohariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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abutting distally in all three species.
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<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FF8AFFA6D1A38A22EEAF76A9" box="[900,934,1906,1929]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">No</collectingRegion>
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bare patches on either abactinal or marginal plate surfaces. Actinal surface relatively small (fewer than four actinal series), with a single series of furrow spines, no subambulacral accessories (spines, etc.) on adambulacral plate surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF8AFFA6D2E08A8CE84B76D5" blockId="61.[151,1437,1373,2037]" box="[199,1346,2012,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D2E08A8CEC9A76D5" bold="true" box="[199,403,2012,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Included species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D3BD8A8DEFD376D5" authority="James 1976" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1976" box="[410,730,2012,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laccadivensis">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D3BD8A8DEF4476D4" box="[410,589,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. laccadivensis</emphasis>
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James 1976
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D0C28A8DEE9876D5" bold="true" box="[741,913,2012,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D0C28A8DEE4576D5" box="[741,844,2012,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plakos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D0C28A8DEE4576D5" bold="true" box="[741,844,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. plakos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF8AFFA6D1758A8CEE9876D5" box="[850,913,2012,2037]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF8AFFA6D1B88A8DE83776D5" authority="Marsh & Campbell 1991" authorityName="Marsh & Campbell" authorityYear="1991" box="[927,1342,2012,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Paraferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sohariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF8AFFA6D1B88A8DE91476D4" box="[927,1053,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. sohariae</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh & Campbell 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |