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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF6CFE290D2C9128" box="[151,335,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida coloraria</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B113A967FF6CFE0B0EF191CB" authority=": Spaeth, 1914 b: 118" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,658,1144,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloraria" subGenus="Cassida">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF6CFE0B0C8A91CA" box="[151,233,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF03FE0B0D2991CA" box="[248,330,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FEA3FE0B0DDB91CA" box="[344,440,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">coloraria</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B113A967FE3EFE0B0EF191CB" author="Spaeth, F." box="[453,658,1144,1169]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref187712" refString="Spaeth, F. (1914 b) Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 62. Dr. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1914">Spaeth, 1914 b: 118</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B113A967FF6CFEE40D9F91F5" blockId="76.[151,1437,991,1261]" box="[151,508,1175,1199]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB113A967FF6CFEE40D9F91F5" box="[151,508,1175,1199]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B113A967FF6CFEE40D9491F5" author="Spaeth, F." box="[151,503,1175,1199]" page="268" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" year="1911">
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B113A967FF6CFEE40D9491F5" authority="Spaeth, 1911: 268" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,503,1175,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romula">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF6CFEE40D5491F5" box="[151,311,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida romula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B113A967FEC5FEE40D9491F5" author="Spaeth, F." box="[318,503,1175,1199]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="239 - 277" refId="ref187552" refString="Spaeth, F. (1911) Beschreibung neuer Cassididen nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen. VIII. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 61, 239 - 277." type="journal article" year="1911">Spaeth, 1911: 268</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B113A967FF6CFEC50E1D9194" blockId="76.[151,1437,991,1261]" box="[151,638,1206,1230]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB113A967FF6CFEC50E1D9194" box="[151,638,1206,1230]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B113A967FF6CFEC50E199194" author="Spaeth, F." box="[151,634,1206,1230]" page="119" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B113A967FF6CFEC50E199194" authority=": Spaeth, 1914 b: 119" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,634,1206,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romula" subGenus="Cassida">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF6CFEC50C8A9194" box="[151,233,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF03FEC50D299194" box="[248,330,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FEA3FEC50DC39194" box="[344,416,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">romula</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B113A967FE55FEC50E199194" author="Spaeth, F." box="[430,634,1206,1230]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref187712" refString="Spaeth, F. (1914 b) Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 62. Dr. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1914">Spaeth, 1914 b: 119</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B113A967FF6CFEA70ED291B7" blockId="76.[151,1437,991,1261]" box="[151,689,1236,1261]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB113A967FF6CFEA70ED291B7" box="[151,689,1236,1261]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B113A967FF6CFEA70ECE91B7" ID-CoL="7RYS8" authority=": Spaeth, 1933 a: 348" authorityName=": Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,685,1236,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF6CFEA70D0391B6" box="[151,352,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cassida guttipennis</emphasis>
ab. 
<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B113A967FE70FEA70ECE91B7" author="Spaeth, F." box="[395,685,1236,1261]" page="348" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" year="1933">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FE70FEA70DB091B6" box="[395,467,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">romula</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B113A967FE1BFEA70ECE91B7" author="Spaeth, F." box="[480,685,1236,1261]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="345 - 359" refId="ref188213" refString="Spaeth, F. (1933 a) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Afrikanischen Cassidinen (Col. Chrys.). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 22, 345 - 359." type="journal article" year="1933">Spaeth, 1933 a: 348</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB113A966FF6CFF670D059607" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C015430B113A967FF6CFF6709E89008" blockId="76.[151,1437,1300,2037]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FF6CFF670D4A9074" bold="true" box="[151,297,1300,1326]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Description.</emphasis>
L: 4.65–5.50 mm, W: 3.55–4.50 mm, Lp: 1.70–1.90 mm, Wp: 2.95–3.3.45 mm, L/W: 1.18–1.31, Wp/ Lp: 1.64–1.82. Body from almost circular to short–oval, males slightly stouter than females (
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B113A967FB5CFF4B091D9008" box="[1191,1406,1336,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">figs. 158, 160, 161</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B113A967FF6CFF280D28923C" blockId="76.[151,1437,1300,2037]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
Polymorphic species. In typically coloured specimens pronotum uniformly yellow, scutellum yellow, elytral disc yellow with several black spots: four small at base of elytra, two large on humeri, two small between humeral spots and suture, four moderate in transverse row in 2/3 length of disc, and four on apex of disc including two large inside and two small outside. Explanate margin yellow (
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B113A967FCA5FFB50FDF90BB" box="[862,956,1478,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">fig. 158</figureCitation>
). Sometimes spots are reduced to 12 very small spots arranged as in 
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B113A967FE3FFF9A0E7C9359" box="[452,543,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">fig. 160</figureCitation>
. In intermediate form (= ab. 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B113A967FC9CFF9A0FD49359" authorityName=": Spaeth" authorityYear="1933" box="[871,951,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romula">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FC9CFF9A0FD49359" box="[871,951,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">romula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) pronotum is yellow, elytral disc is yellow on top, black on sides and four large spot on yellow dorsum usually connected with lateral band, explanate margin yellow with broad humeral and posterolateral spots, humeral spot at least in external half runs in distance from anterior margin of elytra thus humeral angles always yellow. In the darkest form (= ab. 
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B113A967FB85FC2708909334" box="[1150,1267,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">fenestralis</emphasis>
) elytral disc is mostly black, scutellum yellowish brown, elytral disc mostly black except yellow apex and two more or less visible yellowish ochraceous spots on top of disc, explanate margin of elytra in anterior 3/4 of space black, except yellow humeral angle, yellow extreme margin and yellow fenestrate spot in the middle, close to border of disc (
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B113A967FAC8FCCD09EC9382" box="[1331,1423,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">fig. 161</figureCitation>
). Head usually black, sometimes with yellowish central spot of diffused borders. Thorax completely black, abdomen mostly black surrounded by yellow. Legs mostly yellow but usually coxa and trochanters more or less infuscate and extreme base of femora brown to black. Antennal segments 1–6 yellow, segment 5 from yellow to infuscate, apical segments black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B113A967FF3CFD030DA092AE" blockId="76.[151,1437,1300,2037]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pronotum elliptical, with maximum width slightly behind the middle, anterior margin regularly, strongly convex, sides rounded, no basal corners. Disc indistinctly bordered from explanate margin, without lateral lobes, surface of disc shiny, with very fine pricks. Explanate margin broad, impunctate, transparent with well visible honeycomb structure, its surface shiny.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CFAE4095194AF" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Base of elytra slightly to moderately wider than base of pronotum, humeral angles moderately protruding anterad, rounded. Disc regularly convex in profile (
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B112A966FD95FAC80EA4958F" box="[622,711,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">fig. 159</figureCitation>
), with very shallow postscutellar impressions and without or only hardly marked principal impressions, no H–shaped elevations and other sculpture. Punctation moderately coarse, arranged in completely regular rows, dense, distance between punctures from slightly narrower to twice. Marginal row distinct, its punctures distinctly coarser than punctures in central rows. Intervals slightly convex, in sutural part of disc mostly as wide as rows but second interval in the middle slightly wider than first and third interval, on sides of disc intervals slightly narrower than rows, marginal interval broad, as wide as two submarginal rows and submarginal interval combined, no humeral or lateral folds. Explanate margin moderately broad, in the widest part four times narrower than disc, inner half moderately declivous, external margin almost horizontal, surface shiny, very shallowly punctate, appears regular, yellow parts transparent with well visible honeycomb structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CFB8C0D739797" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eyes very large, gena obsolete. Clypeus moderately broad, approximately 1.1 times as wide as long. Clypeal grooves fine but well marked, converging in triangle with angulate top, surface of clypeus with shallow apical impression, shiny with several very small punctures. Labrum minutely emarginate to 1/6 length.Antennae moderate, segments 9–10 approximately 1.2–1.3 as long as wide. Length ratio of antennal segments: 100:42:63:55:50:42:5 0:42:47:50:100. Segment 3 approximately 1.5 times as long as segment 2 and approximately 1.1 times as long as segment 4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CF8A40E0C9663" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Prosternum moderately narrow in the middle, strongly expanded apically, area between coxa slightly convex, shiny, small, setose punctures, expanded apex slightly convex, shiny, with small, setose punctures centrally and row of coarser punctures across apical margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CF9300D059607" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,358,835,861]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Claws simple.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB112A966FF3CF9140DA09127" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CF9140DA09127" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FF3CF9140D5896DB" bold="true" box="[199,315,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
A member of the 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FDBEF9140F4096DB" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1854" box="[581,803,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphaerula">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FDBEF9140F4096DB" box="[581,803,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cassida sphaerula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species–group. Maculate forms are similar to 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FA78F9140DE796FF" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1899" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quatuordecimsignata">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FA78F9140DE796FF" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. quatuordecimsignata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species have a very similar arrangement of black spots on the elytral disc but 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FA78F9F80DE79693" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1899" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quatuordecimsignata">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FA78F9F80DE79693" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. quatuordecimsignata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in a smaller and slimmer body, with L 3.85–4.85, L/W ratio 1.35–1.51 and in the explanate margin of elytra narrower and less explanate, declivous (
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B112A966FC78F9A0087D96B7" box="[899,1054,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">figs. 158, 160</figureCitation>
) while in 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FB74F9A009FF96B7" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1899" box="[1167,1436,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quatuordecimsignata">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FB74F9A009FF96B7" box="[1167,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. quatuordecimsignata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the body is larger and broader with L 4.65–5.50, L/W ratio 1.18–1.31 and the explanate margin of elytra is broader and more explanate (
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B112A966FE84FE680E7F916F" box="[383,540,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">figs. 158, 160</figureCitation>
). The dark form of 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FD09FE680FED916E" authorityName=": Spaeth" authorityYear="1914" box="[754,910,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FD09FE680FED916E" box="[754,910,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. guttipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dorsal pattern similar to the pattern of the darkest form of 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FEB0FE4C0D829103" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[331,481,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FEB0FE4C0D829103" box="[331,481,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. vespertilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but it differs in a smaller body with length les than 4.2 mm and a narrower explanate margin of elytra (fig. 136).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB112A966FF3CFEF40E9F9057" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CFEF40E9F9057" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FF3CFEF40D3B91FB" bold="true" box="[199,344,1159,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FEA4FEF40DBD91FB" box="[351,478,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FE10FEF40FC791FB" authority="(Harv.) Roessl." authorityName="Roessl." baseAuthorityName="Harv." box="[491,932,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatifida">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FE10FEF40E8D91FB" box="[491,750,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya bipinnatifida</emphasis>
(Harv.) Roessl.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FC4AFEF4092691FB" authority="(DC) O. Hoffm." authorityName="O. Hoffm." baseAuthorityName="DC" box="[945,1349,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FC4AFEF408E091FA" box="[945,1155,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya speciosa</emphasis>
(DC) O. Hoffm.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FAADFEF40D0B919F" author="Heron, H. &amp; Borowiec, L." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="625 - 658" refId="ref186019" refString="Heron, H. &amp; Borowiec, L. (1997) Host plants and feeding patterns of some South African tortoise beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: cassidoid Hispinae). Genus, 8, 625 - 658." type="journal article" year="1997">Heron &amp; Borowiec 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FE8EFED80E65919F" author="Heron, H." box="[373,518,1195,1221]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="31 - 44" refId="ref185880" refString="Heron, H. (2003) Tortoise beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) and their feeding patterns from the North Park Nature Reserve, Durban, KwaZulu - Natal, South Africa. Durban Museum Novitates, 28, 31 - 44." type="journal article" year="2003">Heron, 2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FDEFFED80E2C919F" author="Heron, H." box="[532,591,1195,1221]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="133 - 149" refId="ref185956" refString="Heron, H. (2011) Polymorphism in four tortoise beetles from Queensburgh, South Africa (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Genus, 22, 133 - 149." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FD9EFED80F84919F" authority="O. Hoffm." authorityName="O. Hoffm." box="[613,999,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FD9EFED80F07919F" box="[613,868,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya heterophylla</emphasis>
O. Hoffm.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FC0FFED809FE919F" authority="Harvey &amp; Sond." authorityName="Harvey &amp; Sond." box="[1012,1437,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seminivea">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FC0FFED808B4919E" box="[1012,1239,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya seminivea</emphasis>
Harvey &amp; Sond.
</taxonomicName>
(label data); 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FEDFFEBC0F2291B3" authority="(DC) Hutch. &amp; Burtt Davy" authorityName="Hutch. &amp; Burtt Davy" baseAuthorityName="DC" box="[292,833,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhapontica">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FEDFFEBC0E6D91B3" box="[292,526,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya rhapontica</emphasis>
(DC) Hutch. &amp; Burtt Davy
</taxonomicName>
(H. Heron pers. comm.); 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FB9BFEBC089391B3" box="[1120,1264,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FB9BFEBC08A991B3" box="[1120,1226,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(cobwebby) (= 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FF6CFE800D809057" box="[151,483,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FF6CFE800D629057" box="[151,257,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya</emphasis>
sp. (Hilliards 2786)
</taxonomicName>
(H. Heron pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB112A965FF3CFF650D1295A3" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CFF650E3D906B" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,606,1302,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FF3CFF650D02906A" bold="true" box="[199,353,1302,1328]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B112A966FE9CFF640D95906B" box="[359,502,1303,1329]" name="South Africa" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(fig. 11).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A966FF3CFF480DEA909B" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FF3CFF480DF0900E" bold="true" box="[199,403,1338,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Types examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B305EA92B112A966FE65FF480E6D900F" box="[414,526,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FDC6FF480F87900F" authority="Boheman, 1862" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[573,996,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FDC6FF480F7C900E" box="[573,799,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cassida guttipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FCD0FF480F87900F" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[811,996,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref184320" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1862) Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1862">Boheman, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FB64FF4809FB900F" author="Borowiec, L." box="[1183,1432,1338,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref184613" refString="Borowiec, L. (1999) A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">Borowiec, 1999: 255</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B112A966FF66FF2C0D129023" box="[157,369,1375,1401]" name="South Africa" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
]: Natal, Port Natal, (NRS); 
<typeStatus id="B305EA92B112A966FD59FF2C0F679023" box="[674,772,1375,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FCD2FF2C08CE9023" authority="Boheman, 1862" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[809,1197,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloraria">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FCD2FF2C0F909023" box="[809,1011,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cassida coloraria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FC01FF2C08CE9023" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[1018,1197,1375,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref184320" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1862) Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1862">Boheman, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; [
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B112A966FB44FF2C09F19023" box="[1215,1426,1375,1401]" name="South Africa" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
]: Cap. B. Spei, Drege (NRS); 
<typeStatus id="B305EA92B112A966FE27FFF00E5D90C7" box="[476,574,1411,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FD9DFFF00F9290C7" authority="Spaeth, 1911: 268" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1911" box="[614,1009,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romula">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FD9DFFF00F7A90C7" box="[614,793,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cassida romula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B112A966FCDAFFF00F9290C7" author="Spaeth, F." box="[801,1009,1411,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="239 - 277" refId="ref187552" refString="Spaeth, F. (1911) Beschreibung neuer Cassididen nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen. VIII. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 61, 239 - 277." type="journal article" year="1911">Spaeth, 1911: 268</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: [
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B112A966FBF8FFF008BB90C7" box="[1027,1240,1411,1437]" name="South Africa" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
]: Natal, Malvern, J.P. Cregoe (BMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C015430B112A965FF3CFFB90D1295A3" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1436,150,249]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FF3CFFB90E7B90BE" bold="true" box="[199,536,1482,1508]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FDD8FFB80D1D9353" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324496" collectingDate="1984-09-12" country="South Africa" location="Bushman's River" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B112A966FDD8FFB80E9790BF" box="[547,756,1483,1509]" name="South Africa" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FCF8FFB80F5C90BF" box="[771,831,1483,1509]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FCB5FFB8087590BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FCB5FFB8087590BF" box="[846,1046,1483,1509]" country="South Africa" name="Bushman's River" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Western Cape">Bushman’s River</location>
, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FBDEFFB808CC90BF" box="[1061,1199,1483,1509]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1984-09-12">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FBDEFFB808CC90BF" box="[1061,1199,1483,1509]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1984-09-12">12 IX 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, 4, 
<collectedFrom id="DFA217CDB112A966FB25FFB80D1D9353" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
on 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FAFEFFB80D1D9353" authority=", H. Zimmermann (NIC)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FAFEFFB8090C90BF" box="[1285,1391,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya</emphasis>
, H. Zimmermann (NIC)
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FE70FF9C09F59353" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325068" box="[395,1430,1518,1545]" collectingDate="1985-11-10" country="South Africa" location="Grahamstown" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FE70FF9C0DA49353" box="[395,455,1519,1545]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FE28FF9C0E109353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FE28FF9C0E109353" box="[467,627,1519,1545]" country="South Africa" name="Grahamstown" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Western Cape">Grahamstown</location>
, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FD84FF9C0F679353" box="[639,772,1518,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1985-11-10">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FD84FF9C0F679353" box="[639,772,1518,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1985-11-10">10 XI 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
, 3 
<collectedFrom id="DFA217CDB112A966FCDCFF9C09F59353" box="[807,1430,1519,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
on 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FCB0FF9C09F59353" authority=", M. M. Clark (NIC, MNHW)" box="[843,1430,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FCB0FF9C082A9353" box="[843,1097,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya heterophylla</emphasis>
, M.M. Clark (NIC, MNHW)
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FF6CFC60084E9377" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324750" box="[151,1069,1555,1581]" collectingDate="1984-09-24" collectionCode="NIC" collectorName="H. Zimmermann" country="South Africa" location="Addo" municipality="Zuurberg" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FF6CFC600CB09377" box="[151,211,1555,1581]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FF1BFC600D2B9377" box="[224,328,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Zuurberg</collectingMunicipality>
n. 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FE90FC600DCF9377" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FE90FC600DCF9377" box="[363,428,1555,1581]" country="South Africa" municipality="Zuurberg" name="Addo" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Western Cape">Addo</location>
, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FE43FC600E5E9377" box="[440,573,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1984-09-24">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FE43FC600E5E9377" box="[440,573,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1984-09-24">24 IX 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 
<collectedFrom id="DFA217CDB112A966FDA5FC600F759377" box="[606,790,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
on 
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B112A966FD79FC600F759377" box="[642,790,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B112A966FD79FC600E8F9377" box="[642,748,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Berkheya</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, 
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B112A966FCD8FC600FBD9377" box="[803,990,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. Zimmermann</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FC14FC6008469377" box="[1007,1061,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">NIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FBC2FC600EA0930B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324797" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.383335" location="Paterson" longLatPrecision="1205" longitude="26.033333" municipality="Bushman's River" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FBC2FC6009779377" box="[1081,1300,1555,1581]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eastern Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FADBFC600CB4930B" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Bushman’s River</collectingMunicipality>
, near 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FEE1FC440D1E930B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FEE1FC440D1E930B" box="[282,381,1591,1617]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.383335" longLatPrecision="1205" longitude="26.033333" municipality="Bushman's River" name="Paterson" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Paterson</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FE73FC440D85930B" box="[392,486,1591,1617]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="-33.383335">33°23’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FE09FC440E33930B" box="[498,592,1591,1617]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="26.033333">26°02’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FD80FC440ED9930B" box="[635,698,1591,1617]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FD35FC4409FB930B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325362" box="[718,1432,1591,1617]" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.316666" location="Grahamstown" longLatPrecision="1205" longitude="26.516666" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FD35FC440FC4930B" box="[718,935,1591,1617]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eastern Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FC49FC440831930B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FC49FC440831930B" box="[946,1106,1591,1617]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.316666" longLatPrecision="1205" longitude="26.516666" name="Grahamstown" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Grahamstown</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FBA6FC4408D8930B" box="[1117,1211,1591,1617]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="-33.316666">33°19’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FB3CFC440946930B" box="[1223,1317,1591,1617]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="26.516666">26°31’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FAABFC4409EC930B" box="[1360,1423,1591,1617]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FF6CFC280887932F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325413" box="[151,1252,1626,1653]" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.583332" location="Hogsback Mountain" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="27.083334" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FF6CFC280D16932F" box="[151,373,1627,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eastern Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FE79FC280E08932F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FE79FC280E08932F" box="[386,619,1627,1653]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.583332" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="27.083334" name="Hogsback Mountain" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Hogsback Mountain</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="7DB34D12B112A966FD82FC280FF6932F" box="[633,917,1627,1653]" location="Stutterheim" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B112A966FD82FC280EA1932F" box="[633,706,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
W of Stutterheim
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FC59FC290862932F" box="[930,1025,1626,1653]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="-32.583332">32°35’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FBF4FC29080F932F" box="[1039,1132,1626,1653]" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="27.083334">27°05’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FB67FC2808B8932F" box="[1180,1243,1627,1653]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; E 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FAF7FC2808C993C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324451" collectingDate="2019-11-27" collectionCode="MNHW" collectorName="M. Wanat" country="South Africa" elevation="36" latitude="-31.6511" location="Silaka Nat. Res." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.5086" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FAF7FC28092B932F" box="[1292,1352,1627,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FAADFC280D6793C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FAADFC280D6793C3" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.6511" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.5086" name="Silaka Nat. Res." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Western Cape">Silaka Nat. Res.</location>
, 
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B112A966FEE9FC0C0D3393C3" box="[274,336,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="36.0">
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, 
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, night collectin, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FCFBFC0C0FE393C3" box="[768,896,1663,1689]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2019-11-27">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FCFBFC0C0FE393C3" box="[768,896,1663,1689]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2019-11-27">27.11.2019</collectingDate>
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, leg. 
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(
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)
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; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FB41FC0C0FDD93E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324911" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.116667" location="northern Pondoland" longLatPrecision="1218" longitude="30.166666" municipality="Umzamba River" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FB41FC0C09FB93C3" box="[1210,1432,1663,1689]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eastern Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FF6CFCD00D2C93E7" box="[151,335,1699,1725]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Umzamba River</collectingMunicipality>
Mouth, 
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, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FCF9FCD00F3C93E7" box="[770,863,1699,1725]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="30.166666">30°10’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
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)
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; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FC30FCD00DB193BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324537" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.283333" location="Addo" longLatPrecision="1205" longitude="25.8" municipality="Zuurberg" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FC30FCD008C193E7" box="[971,1186,1699,1725]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Eastern Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FB56FCD0097B93E7" box="[1197,1304,1699,1725]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Zuurberg</collectingMunicipality>
, near 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FAACFCD009FB93E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FAACFCD009FB93E7" box="[1367,1432,1699,1725]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.283333" longLatPrecision="1205" longitude="25.8" municipality="Zuurberg" name="Addo" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Addo</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FF6CFCB40C9793BB" box="[151,244,1735,1761]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="-33.283333">33°17’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
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, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FE76FCB40DA493BB" box="[397,455,1735,1761]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FE1BFCB40E71925F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325421" collectingDate="2019-12-02" collectionCode="MNHW" collectorName="P. Jaloszynski" country="South Africa" county="Umtavuna" elevation="13" latitude="-31.0639" location="Kigfisher" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.1749" municipality="Pont" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FE1BFCB40EF093BB" box="[480,659,1735,1761]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB112A966FD65FCB40F7093BB" box="[670,787,1735,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Umtavuna</collectingCounty>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FCD9FCB40F3893BB" box="[802,859,1735,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pont</collectingMunicipality>
), 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FC94FCB40FBA93BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FC94FCB40FBA93BB" box="[879,985,1735,1761]" country="South Africa" county="Umtavuna" latitude="-31.0639" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.1749" municipality="Pont" name="Kigfisher" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Kigfisher</location>
trail, 
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B112A966FBE7FCB5081E93BB" box="[1052,1149,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="E793B303B112A966FBE7FCB5081E93BB" box="[1052,1149,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FB71FCB4088D93BB" box="[1162,1262,1735,1761]" degrees="31.0639" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="-31.0639">-31.0639</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FB0CFCB4093793BB" box="[1271,1364,1735,1761]" degrees="30.1749" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="30.1749">30.1749</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FA9BFCB40CB1925F" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2019-12-02">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FA9BFCB40CB1925F" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2019-12-02">2 XII 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1, 
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B112A966FF07FC980DFA925F" box="[252,409,1771,1797]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. Jałoszyński</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FE52FC980E64925F" box="[425,519,1771,1797]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">MNHW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FDDBFC980899925F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325472" box="[544,1274,1770,1797]" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.35" location="Boskrans Dam" longLatPrecision="1247" longitude="30.016666" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mpumalanga">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FDDBFC980E99925F" box="[544,762,1771,1797]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mpumalanga Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FCFDFC980FD3925F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FCFDFC980FD3925F" box="[774,944,1771,1797]" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.35" longLatPrecision="1247" longitude="30.016666" name="Boskrans Dam" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Mpumalanga">Boskrans Dam</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FC46FC99087A925F" box="[957,1049,1770,1797]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="-25.35">25°21’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FBD3FC9808E5925F" box="[1064,1158,1771,1797]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="30.016666">30°01’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FB4EFC98088C925F" box="[1205,1263,1771,1797]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FAF3FC980E9A9273" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324625" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" location="Houtenbeck Farm" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mpumalanga">
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B112A966FAF3FC980CB79273" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mpumalanga Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FF24FD7C0DC89273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FF24FD7C0DC89273" box="[223,427,1807,1833]" country="South Africa" name="Houtenbeck Farm" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Mpumalanga">Houtenbeck Farm</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="7DB34D12B112A966FE4EFD7C0EE99273" box="[437,650,1807,1833]" location="Dullstroom" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">NW of Dullstroom</locationDeviation>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FD4AFD7C0E939273" box="[689,752,1807,1833]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FCFFFD7C092F9273" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881326217" box="[772,1356,1807,1833]" collectionCode="HH" collectorName="Gillitts" country="South Africa" location="Crowned Eagle Conservancy" municipality="Natal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FCFFFD7C0F209273" box="[772,835,1807,1833]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FCB5FD7C08F79273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FCB5FD7C08F79273" box="[846,1172,1807,1833]" country="South Africa" municipality="Natal" name="Crowned Eagle Conservancy" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Crowned Eagle Conservancy</location>
, 
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B112A966FB64FD7C08939273" box="[1183,1264,1807,1833]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Gillitts</collectorName>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FAE3FD7C09239273" box="[1304,1344,1807,1833]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FAA3FD7C0E289217" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324929" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.766666" location="Drummond" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="30.883333" municipality="Natal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FAA3FD7C09F49273" box="[1368,1431,1807,1833]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FF6CFD400D789217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FF6CFD400D789217" box="[151,283,1843,1869]" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.766666" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="30.883333" municipality="Natal" name="Drummond" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Drummond</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FEDDFD400DE79217" box="[294,388,1843,1869]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="-29.766666">29°46’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FE74FD410D8E9217" box="[399,493,1842,1869]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="925" value="30.883333">30°53’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FDE3FD400E239217" box="[536,576,1843,1869]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FDA3FD40092F9217" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325427" box="[600,1356,1843,1869]" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" county="Natal" location="Pinetown Distr." municipality="River Trail" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB112A966FDA3FD400EF49217" box="[600,663,1843,1869]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingCounty>
, Everton Gorge Molweni 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FC42FD4008569217" box="[953,1077,1843,1869]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">River Trail</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FBBBFD4008929217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FBBBFD4008929217" box="[1088,1265,1843,1869]" country="South Africa" county="Natal" municipality="River Trail" name="Pinetown Distr." pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pinetown Distr.</location>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FAE2FD4009229217" box="[1305,1345,1843,1869]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FAA2FD400E5E922B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325428" collectionCode="HH" collectorName="Pinetown" country="South Africa" location="Glen Park station" municipality="Natal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FAA2FD4009FB9217" box="[1369,1432,1843,1869]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FF6CFD240D02922B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FF6CFD240D02922B" box="[151,353,1879,1905]" country="South Africa" municipality="Natal" name="Glen Park station" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Glen Park station</location>
, 
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B112A966FE94FD240DBF922B" box="[367,476,1879,1905]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pinetown</collectorName>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FDF1FD240E51922B" box="[522,562,1879,1905]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FDB6FD240DE892CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325299" collectionCode="ARC" country="South Africa" county="Natal" latitude="-30.701834" location="Port Shepshtone" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="30.267166" municipality="Oribi Gorge Reserve" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB112A966FDB6FD240EEF922B" box="[589,652,1879,1905]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FD61FD240FE8922B" box="[666,907,1879,1905]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Oribi Gorge Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B112A966FC63FD240FB7922B" box="[920,980,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
inland of 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FBB6FD240969922B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FBB6FD240969922B" box="[1101,1290,1879,1905]" country="South Africa" county="Natal" latitude="-30.701834" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="30.267166" municipality="Oribi Gorge Reserve" name="Port Shepshtone" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Port Shepshtone</location>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B112A966FF6CFD080D7B92CF" box="[151,280,1915,1941]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="16.03" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="9" value="30.267166">30°16.03’E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FEBFFD080DE092CF" box="[324,387,1915,1941]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ARC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FE6CFD08080F92CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324907" box="[407,1132,1915,1941]" collectingDate="1986-12" collectionCode="MNHW" collectorName="H. Heron" country="South Africa" county="Natal" location="Escombe" municipality="Queensburgh" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB112A966FE6CFD080DB592CF" box="[407,470,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FE19FD080E1992CF" box="[482,634,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Queensburgh</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FD7EFD080E8C92CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FD7EFD080E8C92CF" box="[645,751,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" county="Natal" municipality="Queensburgh" name="Escombe" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Escombe</location>
, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FD01FD080F0792CF" box="[762,868,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1986-12">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FD01FD080F0792CF" box="[762,868,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1986-12">XII 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2, 
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B112A966FC77FD080F9792CF" box="[908,1012,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. Heron</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B112A966FBF8FD08080292CF" box="[1027,1121,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">MNHW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB112A966FB82FD080D3292E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325571" collectingDate="1912-01-08" collectionCode="TM" collectorName="Janse" country="South Africa" location="Sarnia" municipality="Natal" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB112A966FB82FD0808DB92CF" box="[1145,1208,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="696102EBB112A966FB3FFD08096D92CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B113A965FF6CF90E0D1295A3:696102EBB112A966FB3FFD08096D92CF" box="[1220,1294,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" municipality="Natal" name="Sarnia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Sarnia</location>
, 
<date id="180072F0B112A966FAE1FD08091F92CF" box="[1306,1404,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1912-01-08">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B112A966FAE1FD08091F92CF" box="[1306,1404,1915,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1912-01-08">8 I 1912</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1, A,J, 
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B112A966FF37FDEC0D6A92E3" box="[204,265,1951,1977]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Janse</collectorName>
(
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N of Umzinto
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grass veld, 
<date id="180072F0B111A965FEE3FAC80DFB958F" box="[280,408,187,213]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1986-12-04">
<collectingDate id="08448B18B111A965FEE3FAC80DFB958F" box="[280,408,187,213]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1986-12-04">4 XII 1986</collectingDate>
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<date id="180072F0B111A965FB71FAC80922958F" box="[1162,1345,186,213]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1953-12-10" valueMax="1953-12-31" valueMin="1953-12-10">
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